Qualitative and Quantitative Goals
The goals or objectives of the project need to be differentiated at first in two measurable categories like qualitative and quantitative measures. The qualitative measurement signifies the quality standards of the projects, along with the quality indicators, characteristics and so on. Therefore, in the present case, the qualitative goals would be ensuring a standard quality tank that can provide a long-term service than the present one which is being used now. In addition the involvement of quality pipelines by using a standard material that can control and tolerate the critical and susceptible climatic changes by making it more flexible would be the priority to get. Thus, the effectiveness of these qualitative goals depends on long-term planning of the activities (projectsmart.co.uk, 2018). In this case, the managers are going for sample test for ensuring the feasibility of the products. However, quantitative measures of goals are more effective as they can provide instant results about the impact of a new implementation.
The quantitative measurement of this present case would be timing. The more time workers are able to work creates positive indication required for determining the progress of the project. This also indicates that the pipelines are effectively fixed and the tank is effective enough to control the pressure inside that is not allowing the inflammable vapours to come out. Thus, it can be considered as a measurement of both the qualitative and quantitative goals. The enhancement in the productivity of the overall project by the workers is also a quantitative indication for the project. These signify the requirement of a set benchmark that is supposed to be achieved by the workers in a time effective manner.
There are always some direct or indirect scopes for completing a project that could be figured out by applying some particular measurable that are mentioned below
Establishment of concepts early: It has been considered as an important assessment to point out the scopes of a project and essential initial step in a business case study. As the project manager identification of the scopes early could help to attract the attention of the public and private stakeholders towards this project. At the initial stage, the existing data, models, diagrams and previous progress report contributes a business case analysis to identify the scope of the project irrespective of the scale of the project that is a public or private domain.
Secured banking funds: A thorough business case analysis is necessary for the present given case. This analysis helps to make investment grades to the investment banks for overseeing the credibility of forecasting. This is usually attempted before the provision of funding. Such kind of public-private based projects needs the investment grade studies to be done. In accordance with the comments of Waugh, (2015), it not only helps to identify the financial scopes of the current project but also identifies the downwards risk assessment seen within the project. As the risk assessment goes from downward the implementation that is resisting the progressive scope of the project could be removed easily.
Scopes of the Project
Construction scopes: Another important area of this business project is in the construction area. In a large-scale business, the construction work provides a large scope for the workers. Mainly the presence of ‘good to repair’ approach in this project allows a number of stakeholders to be a part of this project. A strong construction plan is a scope for the other public and private concerns due to the presence of a numerous area of work to be part of in the project (Meshkati, 2018). On the other angle, this creation of scope for the stakeholders is enhancing the scope of the project itself thereby helping it in becoming successful.
Figure 1: Project Scope
(Source: nap.edu, 2018)
Public and private stakeholders: Stakeholders have the major role to play in the successful accomplishment of a project. The scope of a project varies with the number of public and private stakeholders they are holding by their side for achieving progress in a project. The main consideration that decides the scopes of the projects are beneficiaries of the projects, a source of wages to the workers, the owners of the infrastructure and the way it is going to help the public and so on. All these factors collectively decide the scope of the current project. Thereby, after addressing all the influencing factors it can be commented that the involvement of governing bodies to involve the public for ensuring their benefits from these projects could help to improve the scope of the project (nap.edu, 2018). It allows a number of investors interest in the current project. Simultaneously, it opens up the scope of the project managers to select their own external conductors for supportive work from a broader aspect of the bidding among the conductors. However, it is always not easy to identify the key beneficiaries in a project where multiple numbers of beneficiaries are there directly or indirectly (Wang et al. 2017). It could lead to creating a mess in the project if improper communication drives to a lack of integration among different types of stakeholders. Therefore, the selection of the users or beneficiaries by their origin is important which could help the stakeholders to make associated assumptions in the use of an existing or state-wide or regional freight.
The project management life cycle has consisted of four life cycles those are an initiation, planning, execution termination of the project. There are different types of stakeholders, who join in different stages of the project life cycles and sustain either until the end of the projector to a particular stage. This depends on the necessity and their role in the projects. From the point of view of this project, the life cycle is described briefly below –
Overview of Case Study
Initiation: At the initiation of the project the business plan that the replacement of the affected tanks and reconstruct the pipelines have adopted. Then a small feasibility study of the undertaken idea has to be done by using samples (Ambituuni et al. 2015). This is followed by the establishment of a project charter carefully as the project is got hampered previously because of this issue. The immediate step of this after project charter is appointing of the project team and building of a project office. At the end of this stage, a thorough phase review of the overall pro-form has to be done.
Figure 2: Initiation cycle
(Source: Mir & Pinnington, 2014)
Planning: This is an important stage when the plans related to different areas involved in this project are decided. A proper resource allocation regarding materials, transports, and labours for this project has to be taken into consideration. This stage also includes the assessment of risks and identifications of risk plan that may happen to the workers or the citizens living in the surrounding areas of the working site. This assessment leads to make avoidance, acceptance and communication plans with the workers and other stakeholders to resolve this issue. At the end of this stage also a phase review is necessary (Iqbal et al. 2015).
Figure 3: planning cycle
(Source: Mir & Pinnington, 2014)
Execution: This stage can be simply defined as transformation of the plans into action one by one by addressing all the issues. This is a perfect stage to measure the progress and therefore, formulation of an assumption about the success of this stage. After addressing all the management issues the pro-form review has to be done.
Figure 4: Execution cycle
(Source: Mir & Pinnington, 2014)
Termination: This indicates the end of the project, however; it does not ensure the success of the project. It is an indication of the completion of the individual activities and thus completion of the projects.
Figure 5: Termination cycle
(Source: Mir & Pinnington, 2014)
The given case study has shown that there is a major problem in the construction and planning of the fixing the pipelines in the project area. This is creating a lot of problem for the human resources to perform their duty within time. It is hampering the work in an expected time period. Therefore, overall pipeline distribution needs to be reconstructed with implementing new technology and strategies with a sufficient budget to make effective changes. Based on the present case background a budget plan has initiated by allocating sufficient budget in different essential areas. The different area of assumption based on which budget plan has been done are mentioned below –
In this area, a basic budget assumption has been done by estimating a rough cost about labour and materials that may require for the reconstruction of the working site. This is an initial step of the budget planning and also creates a broad idea about where effective resources have to be adopted for the future development of the projects. Determination of this basic cost rate helps to analyse the time-based labour from the human resources based on the daily wage they will be provided.
It has seen that usually in order to reconstruct an overall project the help of the vendors are essential. These external conductors make collaboration with the company to complete the business deal within an effective time (cmu.edu, 2018). These cases could become an opportunity or a complication when more than one conductor is bidding for the job. Thus, selection of the correct external conductor by considering the time and cost-effectiveness is necessary.
Reservation of cost analysis is very important to maintain the smooth progress of the job in case of an economic crisis. In this segment, it has planned how much bucks would be reserved for any cost overruns. In case of susceptible cases like the one given here reserve for future could help to spend extra money on risk management.
It is an approach of tracking the cost of quality associated activities (Ossai, Boswell & Davies, 2015). It is very important to figure out the quality based cost of the project as the cheaper bugs are easy to find at the initiation of the project not at last. Thus, an overall project plan based on the quality based cost analysis is very essential to do.
In order to identify the key management area in this project, there are some essential tools and techniques that can be used for the risk assessment of the current project. Some important tools and techniques are discussed below with the justification for being selected for rejected in the project.
SWOT analysis (Strength, weakness, Opportunities, Threats)
This has been considered as an effective tool for the project management as the application of this tool helps the users to detect the internal and external influencing factors separately. As mentioned by Ishtiaq & Jahanzaib, (2018), this determination can help to figure out the positive factors and negative factors that are influencing the overall projects. Nevertheless, this cannot be considered as an effective tool for our present project as it is reforming of existing projects where the manager needs to focus on the strength and opportunities of it broadly. This is because it is reconsidered due to overcoming the weak points of it. Thus, there are no points on wasting time by finding the weakness and threats again. Moreover, this project is an internal competition where the managerial organisation needs to compete in terms of achieving key milestones by beating their own previous timing (Niu, Song & Xiao, 2017). It does not concern with any external competition with other organisation.
(RACI) Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed Tool
RACI tool can be considered as an effective diagram which signifies the roles and responsibilities of different workers involved in project activity. Based on the designation the person deals that respective work in the projects. This is a multiple worker based projects that need a wide range of workers to perform several works on the site. Therefore, the use of a clear RACI tool could help to develop the project without creating any conflicts in the work (Elhady & Abushama, 2015). The RACI tool is a most straightforward tool used in the business projects. This tool can be used in this case this is because it could help to manage a relationship with the supervisors to their workers. This communication can lead to a successful progress of the current project by avoiding any kind of conflicts (finance-ni.gov.uk, 2018).
It can be proven an effective technique based on the given scenario of the present case to evaluate the potential impacts of some actions with their possible causes. Identification of both the factors by using a single tool helps to adopt different strategies to overcome that situation in an early stage (Khadem, Piya & Shamsuzzoha, 2018). It is more effective as it helps to address issues in a heterogeneous condition. In a project like the present one where multiple issues are addressed to reach the ultimate goal requires the use of this kind of tool definitely.
Risk assessment tool (Risk map)
It is an effective tool to assess the risk from the point of view of impacts and likelihood. It is a graphic presentation where the ‘Y’ horizon signifies the impact of the risks from low to medium to high (Tan, George & Comino, 2015). On the other hand, the ‘X’ axis represents the likelihood of the risks from similarly low to high. Thus, according to this graphical representation if a risk stands in the high impact and high likelihood that certainly needs to be addressed (Carvalho & Rabechini, 2015). It is going to help the current project by providing opportunity by resolving more serious issue first followed by the others.
The application of risk profile summary is usually being used in the large organisation to highlight the susceptible risks that need an immediate implementing strategy to cure the problem. It is a modified visibility of risks through a graphical representation. According to Carvalho & Rabechini, (2015), it is basically found in a risk existing register. As it is considered as a valuable project for bringing an effectiveness for the protection of an important resource of the country, thus the project manager needs to update the risk register regularly to identify the arising problem in accordance with the progress of the project. Along with that, the risk manager is also responsible for the presentation of the risk by considering its probability along with mitigation action that could retain the progress of work without any hindrance. Tolerance line is the key influencing factor in the risk summary. As commented by Nicholas & Steyn, (2017), generation of risk above the tolerance line indicates a prompt action that needs to be taken care of. In this way, it helps to address that risk at first which needs to resolve first.
The allocation of resources depends on the milestones that need to achieve for the progress of the project. The stakeholders play a major role in the project and can be considered as a major resource for different management works in the study. The stakeholders can be suppliers, investors, buyers from the private or governing bodies. An integrated performance of all these types of workers has helped to bring a positive influence in the study. According to the case study, the present issues are hampering the production by affecting the work timing. Therefore, once the implementing measures are adopted it may be difficult to reschedule the actions and make the workers accustomed to it. This needs to be handled by the human resource manager to make their workers motivated to adopt the changing schedule without any problem. Along with that, initiation of the current project could also lead to involvement of new workers in the working site. Good communications among these workers are very essential to avoid any kind of conflict. Based on the overall discussion from this segment it can be stated that human resource can be considered as an important asset of the project therefore, the management of it is very necessary effectively.
Other important resources are the materials or raw substances for the construction site to build up new tanks and implement new pipelines. In accordance with the given data provided in the case study, it can be stated that the tank 3 which is the biggest one needs to be fixed first or completely replace it first. This is because it is related to the pipeline directly so bringing up the gas is majorly causing from there. Another benefit is two small tanks take almost same time that can be made as an average for 6 hours. Thus, labours are getting relief for 6 hours whereas the large one takes 10-12 hours that hamper an extra 4-6 hour of labour. Depending on the present discussion, it can be said that resources to modify the tank 3 could have shown more effective management both the human and nonhuman source in this project.
Testing or restoration of the pipelines before placing or a creation of the miniature of the overall project to confirm its feasibility is an important step that has usually been done after planning about the project (fractracker.org, 2018). The overall process like planning, testing and restoration, and execution of the plan requires effective time management thereby formulation of the planning schedule is very important to make the whole process systematically. This needs a good transport, weight, and volume of the project to fulfill it within time. As the present case is based on an area near Melbourne, it can be expected that there would not be any issues related to transportation. The only factor that can be proven effective is the manpower. Although, currently many time and accuracy-related issues have pointed out in the manpower and thus another source automation technology is a revolutionary fact to avoid the above-mentioned issues. In many large industries where the heavy work is there is adopting automation technology to handle those works in effective time and accurately. Thus, the present project also technology would have a large impact on its progress.
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