Architecture Overview Diagram
For the preparation of the report on data and system integration of health information technology different innovation technology are applied and new divisions are created for merging the organizational data into the information system. The different business strategies are linked with each other using the enterprise architecture and the information about the healthcare are analyzed in different layers for integration in the current information system. It is important to predict the requirement of the project for the development of the health information system. For the development of the health information system an information centric methodology is followed with the benefits of the Electronic Health records along with the challenges faced for the Enterprise Information Architecture.
The enterprise reference architecture can be used for designing the blocks of the information system. The management of the health information of the patients and the health information technology is important for the success of the information system. The upgrades for the system should be analyzed development of the information system.
Figure 1: Architecture Overview Diagram
(Source: Created by author)
Internal Applications
The things that are used for the development of the line of business systems are the service and the products that are offered by the health care system such as the storage of patient information and integration with the database management system.
External Applications
It consists of the supply chain, data providers and the platform used for the management of the service. The implementation of the big data can have an impact on the supply chain and overcome the technological challenges for delivering a fully functional model for the healthcare management system.
Information Management
The management of the information is important for successful deployment of the healthcare management system. There are five different components such as Meta data service, Master data service, Data service, Content service and Analytical service. The Meta data service are object oriented and it is integrated with the enterprise information system for processing the Meta data. Microsoft SQL server, Visual studio can be applied for exchanging the model along with other development tools. The Master data service is used for the management of the set of organization data and organizing it into models. Different rules can be created for controlling and updating data and enabling sharing of the data with the different peoples in the organization.
The content service is used for serving the text in different forms such as JSON, XML, etc. The content of the web site are provided to different user at a time on demand.
Internal Applications
The analytical service is used in the information system for the providing accurate research performance analysis by combining the high quality sources of data. A report can be generated form the health information stored in the information system database.
Data Integration
The integration of the data is a procedure of combining the data generated from different sources and allowing the user to view the data in a unified manner. It is used in the information system for collecting the patient health information from different sources like LAB, diagnostics, etc. and allowing the doctor to view it for providing proper diagnostics to the patients.
Application Programs
The application program is a program used for designing and performing a set of function for handling the request of the users using the information system. An application program interface is required for allowing the users to communicate with the other programs and it is applied in the health information system for creating a report for the patients by combining the diagnostics and the LAB information to help them to identify the current status of the health condition.
Cloud Services
The implementation of the cloud service in the health care management system helps in recording the data generated from the different devices. Cloud based application can be sued for the storage of the information and getting its access from remote location for increasing the efficiency of the healthcare management system.
Security and Privacy Services
The security and the privacy service must be considered for developing high quality tools in the health information sector. The treatment of the patient can be improved by strengthening the public and the society link. A substantial risk may evolve if the patients informations are not secured.
Figure 2: Logical View Architecture Diagram
(Source: created by author)
According to the health care organization the data consists of the diagnostics information of the health condition of the patient and the data is generated from different sources such as tele health devices, LAB, etc. The data are integrated with the health information system for increasing the accuracy of the diagnostics and responding to the query of the users connected with the information system.
The presentation service and the delivery channel is used for creating a link between the patient and the health care representatives for the management of the user information for the development of the healthcare information system.
External Applications
Information service block is used for the storage of the data generated from the different sources of the information system and it provides different types of service such as metadata, master data, operational data, unstructured data and analytical data service to the users of the information system.
Thee enterprise information service block is used for the management of the key relationship between the data service and organize the assets of the information system. The application of the big data and data warehouse techniques can help in increasing the efficiency of the information system.
Enterprise information integration services:
- Discover – It is used for the identification of the best practice of the healthcare system and aligning the current business strategy with the information system for meeting the needs of the users.
- Profile – Different profiles are maintained in the information system such as administrative profile, patient profile, and database administrator profile for maintaining the records of the healthcare management system.
iii. Cleanse – Cleanse is used for maintaining a repository of the data and removal of the complex data for maintaining a simplicity in the framework of the information system.
- Transform – The data residing in the information system is required to be transformed for maintaining a balance with the business requirement and add value and benefit to the healthcare department for the adaptation of the flexible changes in the requirements of the users.
- Federate – Number of stages of the information system should be linked with each other for forming a centralized unit and respond to the query of the users. The data should be secured for maintaining the autonomy of the enterprise architecture.
- Replicate – The replication of the data in the information system increases its availability and reduces the response time of the users to get the access of the information residing in the database.
vii. Stream – The streaming of the data is dependent on the bandwidth of the network and thus a stable internet connection is required for the proper working of the information system.
viii. Deploy – For the deployment of the data service the current framework of the organization needs to be identified and it should be aligned for reducing the errors and develop a fully functional healthcare information system.
The disparate nature of entities and systems within health care:
It defines the organizational structure and utilized as a strategic management tool for the development of the master plan which can be used for the integration of the force. The business planning, automation, business operations and the technological infrastructure are analyzed for the development of the information system. The complexity of the information is that multiple health care organization should be involved for exchanging the information using the information system. The enterprise information architecture is applied in the health care sector because it helps in implementation of new technologies by analyzing different process and data for interacting with the different health care organization.
The volume of structured and unstructured data:
Volume of structure and unstructured data are presented using the operational model because it takes the component from the component model and distributes it to the nodes located in the geographical location. The flow of data between the nodes are specified for the different geographical locations. Each of the nodes in the network have more than one specific components and is called deployment units. The component model is broken into functional and nonfunctional operational model. The operational model should be created such that a continuous availability and resiliency should be maintained and it helps in continues improvement of the current business process.
Information Management
Sensitivity of the data pose challenges for data management:
The use of the electronic health record can have an impact on the management of the data and there are different technologies available that can be used for storing, analyzing and obtaining the data. The new innovative technologies can be implemented for understanding the data flow and deliver a healthcare delivery system for exchanging the health information.
The user interface of the information system should act as an intermediate for interacting with the different components and the users using the information system. The below diagram is created for demonstration of the logic model of the organization and sharing the data between the entities. The data can be viewed at a wider angle utilizing the EA tool because it creates a map between the interface, process and the intersection of the system that allows the enterprise to take important decision on different It implementation, purchasing and care plan that should be taken for the development of the healthcare management system.
Integration:
For the development of the logical framework of the healthcare information system the entities should evaluated and the design process should be started for implementation of the technical functionality on the information system. The business views and the service that are required for transferring the information should be documented and each of the layers in the network model should have relation with each other for checking the interoperability, availability and security of data in the organization. Each of the processes should be related with each other. The elements used in the enterprise architecture should be grouped for creating a new functionality improve the quality care of the healthcare system.
Figure 3: Componnet reationship Diagram
(Source: Created by author)
The current state of the organization can be analyzed using the AS-IS process and it act as the first step for understanding the logic of the strategic investment. The dependencies of each of the process can also be analyzed for planning and investing on the renovation of the business architecture. The following architecture overview diagram is create for demonstration of the architecture of the information system designed for the management of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act” or “HITEC Act”.
The coordination between the information is made available with the implementation of the Enterprise Architecture and it can be used for the creation of the strategic plan and enabling communication between the different parts of the information system. The information of the patient and the hospitals are required to be stored in the database of the information system such that it can be shared. The information residing in the database should be access by the patients and the organization for increasing the efficiency of the medical treatment. The flow of the information are demonstrated using the conceptual model and the security of the information is maintained for reducing the errors in the final project.
Data Integration
The user interface should be developed for connecting the main components of the information system with the elements used for the development of the information system. The main central component of the enterprise architecture are the database and the domain and it is the responsibility of the network administrator to manage the contents and align the architecture with the business rules of the organization. The accuracy and performance of the treatment procedure should be increased with the implementation of the enterprise architecture by eliminating the complexity of the system.
Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture
The healthcare system can gain benefits with the implementation of the EIA approach in the development process of the system framework. This is because it helps in deployment of different models for increasing the view point of the data in the information system. For reengineering the structure of the healthcare information system the corporate data model can be applied and it also helps in maintaining the integration of the data sets in the database of the information system. The data sets can be mapped with the selected data model for decreasing the response time of the system. For addition of the new data in the organizational information system the compatibility of the resources should be analyzed for analyzing the internal relationship with the stakeholders taking an effective decision for enhancing the IT strategy of the organization.
Name – Operational data
High level Description
This component falls under the data management element and is directly related to the messaging server and the mashup server. The operational data is replicated multiple time for increasing the availability of the data and reduce the waiting time of the users using the health care information system. The electronic medical health records and the LAB information are used for maintaining accuracy and security of the information system. The IT services and the compliance management of the services should be analyzed for the development of the information system. Retention, security, performance and auditng is important for the success of the enterprise architecture. The patient data and the discharge and admission information of the patients should be recorded in the information system that would help the staffs to get all the details of the treatment procedure.
Interfaces
In the delivery channel the client and collaboration user interface, E health portal, mobile and Web application are connected with the infrastructure security components and the operational data for getting an optimum result from the information system. Correct information should be inputted in the information system for getting an optimum result and enabling multiple collaboration of the services.
Application Programs
Name – Clinical Data Repository
High level Description
This components are related to the clinical data warehouse and it is consolidated from a wide clinical sources for presenting a unified view for each of the patient. The data types include the results of the laboratory test, demographics of the patient, radiology reports, pharmacy report, hospital admission, transfer and discharge dates. It is used in the hospital for tracking the trend of prescription and monitoring the infectious disease. The information helps the hospitals to request views of the clinical data repository that are related to them for example it can be used for monitoring the antibiotic prescribe trend in hospitals to find the increase in the antibiotic bacteria. This can be used for management of a relation between the disease and its treatment.
Interfaces –
Multiple portals can be prepared for the presentation of the constituents and it can be added to the government service menu portal. For the internal interface the bridge and gateway is used for various portal service and application developed by the government.
Thee dynamic interaction between the components are depicted using the component interaction diagram. It is used for testing the high level interaction between the configurations and depicting the access of the master patient index and the clinical data repository. The components are used for retrieving the appropriate information from different portals and sending back the information to the presentation service for aggregation. The following figure is created for the demonstration that no components are missed for the e health scenario.
Sensitivity of the data posing challenges for data management and integration because the patient information integrated with the information system can be misused by unauthorized users to gain monetary benefits. The data should be secured with the application of encryption and it is important for reducing the risk of data loss. The sensitive data should be stored in private clouds such that it is kept secured.
There are several challenges faced for the management and integration of the data because there is a requirement to divide the data into different segment. The segmentation is a complex task and it required in depth knowledge about the information system for storing the data in different sectors.
The strategies that are used for overcoming the integration problem are listed below:
Enriching the data for making it more useful and powerful – Data integration technologies that are evolving such as semantics helps in adding the context and meaningful integration of data from different sources can enrich the data. E.g. a broken arm should be represented as an image for EMR but in case of claims it can be represented as ICD 9 code 813.8. It also helps the user to understand the different descriptors.
Cloud Services
Striving for agility – An agile infrastructure is required to be established for handling the changing market conditions and new technologies should be designed for meeting the data challenges that can be used for delivering the agility of the healthcare organizations.
Implementation of new generation technologies – New technologies such as cloud computing, tele-monitoring devices and new database solution can be deployed to work together for meeting the business process, patient care, etc.
Conclusion
The report concludes that the development of the EIA RA is important for identification of the data flow in the organization. The benefits that the healthcare sector can gain for the deployment of the EIA RA is discussed in the report. A diagram is used for the demonstration of the enterprise information architecture reference architecture of the healthcare information system. It is important to manage the information and integrate with the current database of the organization. The use of the structured volume and unstructured volume of data in the information system and the strategy used for the management of the data are also discussed in the report. For the development of the diagram the reference template is followed and the components are added for designing the architecture. The challenges faced during the development of the enterprise architecture and the strategies followed for the development of the architecture are discussed in the information management and integration section of the report. The long term future outlook and the risk mitigation methodology that cane b applied for the development of a successful enterprise architecture is also discussed in the report.
From the above report it can be recommended that for the development of a successful enterprise architecture model for the healthcare sector the following recommendations should be followed such as:
The utilization of the enterprise architecture as a reference point for the information technology and analyze the current state of the organization and desired state after the application of the enterprise architecture framework.
To use the enterprise architecture for the analysis of the cost, benefit, requirement of the resources and the time. The components can be understood for the development and the achievement of the business goals of the organization.
The enterprise architecture can be used as a roadmap for outlining the benefits and the overall values of the organization for executing the objectives of the organization.
The implementation of the enterprise architecture can help to meet the specific needs of the healthcare sector and increase the capacity level of the organization and thus allowing the growth of the health care industry.
Security and Privacy Services
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