Epileptic Devices: Advancements And Possibilities

Epileptic Devices to Detect Epilepsy and Prevent SUDEP

Epilepsy is a medical condition that influences a person’s mind activity. This can prompt seizures and lead to serious conditions. Epilepsy is regularly analyzed in patients, making it difficult for guardians/parents to screen their patients’ seizures constantly.  Epilepsy cannot be cured by the technology and should be followed by appropriate medication. Since epilepsy attacks are undetectable, there are detecting devices have been developed such as EEG and Electrocorticography, Baby monitors, ECG, Accelerometry, Video detecting systems, Mattress sensors and so on to predict and detect and then alert to appropriate person including the patients [3] [2]. Apparently seizure attacks cannot be predicted, all the patients must be followed by appropriate medication but by having developed devices to predict the epilepsy attacks is good because at least it could be prevented and be alerted. The need of this topic is to exhibit to public that how should it be helpful for those who suffer from this kind of disease and how the developed technology to be utilized.

Until this century, pharmacological solutions and brain surgery were the main two choices accessible to patients with probably the most widely recognized neurological issue, for an instance, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s illness. Medications regularly have restricted general treatment viability, usually cause symptoms, and the patient creates protection from them inevitably. Furthermore, just a few patients are regarded to be hopefuls for mind surgery (example 15% for epilepsy). This is because for numerous cases, the wellspring of neurological issue is near an essentially imperative part of the brain where a surgery could come about in irreversible harm to patient’s fundamental functionalities of body. Since after  Numerous research groups have been dealing with both enhancing and calibrating the innovation for those diseases, also creating and validating an extensive therapeutic device for conclusion and treatment of different other neurological diseases too [4].

A worry for a patient with epilepsy isn’t just the seizures that are seen, however those that go undetected. This is particularly valid for seizures a patient may have in their sleep. The objective of epilepsy treatment is to utilize medicines and different treatments to keep a patient seizure free. Nonetheless, it’s conceivable a patient could think their epilepsy is controlled, however have seizures around evening time. Another worry about seizures is the danger of sudden unforeseen death in epilepsy (SUDEP). This happens when a man passes away all of a sudden after a seizure. Despite the fact that the correct causes are obscure, changes in breathing, (for an instance, something choking out the individual) or heart rhythms can be a factor. By recognizing seizures, devices for epilepsy might have the capacity to prevent SUDEP [5].

Conclusions Based on Studies

By figuring out why this paper would be significant, because this paper will bring all the technology/devices [2] available in the market now and how to overcome SUDEP. At the same time there might be side effects in these devices too. Finally aim is to propose to public that what are the devices available to detect epilepsy and what are the new features can be added to existing developments.

In addition to this, it can be said that present research is looking forward to have identification of diverse norms. In previous studies the experts has not covered all the factors and information related to Epileptic. Nonetheless, it has been seen in past investigations that epilepsy is a kind of the neurological problem, which can cause brokenness in the mind because of disgraceful working of nerve cell. It comes about into rehashed seizures, which prompts unusual development of body parts, for example, hands, legs and head. Albeit, key explanation for the recognizable proof of Epileptic. Additionally, the techniques utilized as a part of the investigations are not suitable which has likewise affected the working in differing way. Epilepsy is neurological disarranges caused by unending brokenness of the cerebrum and its powerlessness to produce unjustifiable and erratic seizures. But the ways to deal with such issues were not explained in the studies. It has created conflict in understanding of the concept. By having an evaluation of such values the gape in previous studies can be overcome. It has also been identified that these individuals are normally confined amid the night and defenseless against a few physical wounds or asphyxia because of a blocked aviation route subsequent to gulping their tongues.

Present study key aim is to have development of learning in respect to Epileptic Devices. By having an understanding about the subject the issues in terms of health can be resolved in desired manner. Along with this, it has been noticed that factors and symptoms regarding Epileptic can easily be evaluated in desired manner. With an effective consideration of such measures the overall practice can be advanced critical manner. Another key motive of study is to make understand that the objective of epilepsy treatment is to utilize medicines and different treatments to keep a patient seizure free. It helps in understanding the key values related to Epileptic

Events of various data collection methods’, data was gathered from eleven research papers distributed by past researchers in the field of medical science and filtered the important information that can be helpful for full filing this paper’ output. In order to have effective data collection about the subject the experts has focused on secondary data collection. In this, critical annotated bibliography has been presented to make sure about the study data collection.

Data Collection and Methods Employed

Below table has been drawn to assess the data inclusion criteria, and the attributes are Author, Technology/Device, Methods, Category/Classification and Other Considerations. Along with this, consideration of diverse methods used in different studies has also been evaluated in order to make sure that appropriate information has been collected. Methods like open loop and random collection are major concerned of experts which has allowed to attain better information about the subject. Data collected is also being presented in order to make sure that which kind of methods can be employed to deal with the neurological issue.

Epilepsy is a common neural issue ailment. Most patients use antiepileptic meds to decrease their seizures, however just about 33% of the patients are calm safe epilepsy. The elective treatment is the resection surgery of emptying the epileptogenic zone. Nevertheless, every above patient will at introduce have a couple of seizures in the midst of their step by step life, which will affect the patients’ close to home fulfillment, and further familiarize dangers and weight with patients and people around. For a productive collaboration, related cerebrum activities and events should be reliably perceived using distinctive strategies including machine learning frameworks. To this end, a combination of trademark hail incorporates and furthermore one of a kind sorts of classifiers can be used. One possible use of such an association is for epilepsy patients. A novel approach for the get-together of patients with difficult to treat epilepsy is the usage of electrical prompting first and foremost times of the seizure age in a close circle way which can be recognized in an insert.

Wearable sensors enable whole deal incessant physiological watching, which is basic for the treatment and organization of various unending sicknesses, neurological disseminates, and mental health issues. A psychological lopsidedness Spectrum Disorders (ASD) – there is growing eagerness for early-age ID of ASD and to improve medicines. Regardless of the way that EDA is regularly assessed from the fingertips, imperative EDA data can in like manner be accumulated from the wrists and lower legs, which are the favored regions for versatile estimation of EDA. Epilepsy is the third most normally dissected neurological issue, which is depicted by reoccurring seizures.

The data has been focusing on the feature of the scaling results with proper evaluation of the feature scaling that is based on evaluating the performance for the random forest classifier. Here, the focus is on the classifiers with the selected channels for the patients and then averages which are set over for all the patients. The detection of the time window is set for the overlapping of the two seconds with the one second.

Implanted Advisory Systems

The selection is based on how the patient from one channel with the minimized delayed detection is compared with the classifier that holds the average performances for the different patients. The selections are based on the shorter delays of detection with closures that are related to work on the onset zones with providing the results. The selection is for the channels that tend to provide the relevant information with proper evaluation of the classifier performance.

With the detection time window optimization results, there are different seizer detection results that are using one second detection time window which is important for the non-overlapping with using the two second detection that is set for the time windows. The average is determined with the classifier with the selected channels for the different patients and then average for all the patients.

The detection for the window time with the single channel performance is based on the detection and the time activities.

Here, to evaluate the effects of the results, there is a need of the normalization of the data which is then compared to the different results for the seizure detection. This is when there is a need for the normalization which is based on the median decaying memory and then handling the statistical normalization methods as well. The results are detected through without any data normalization where there is a need to set the detection window patterns with the time of the one second overlapping [8]. The comparison is done to the average performances and then handling the time which is about how the classifier is able to select the channels for the different patients and then average it for all the other patients as well.

The below image displays the normalization effect on the average performance where:

The standards are set for analyzing the detection delays from the different patients who are then compared to the classier with the average performance for the patients.

The results are based on the different electrode montages with the seizure detection performance that works with the selected channels. The forms are set with the average results where the classifier is depending upon how the patients and the average over all the patients is set. The time window is set depending upon the one second overlapping [8]. Considering the developed system, there are implantation process which includes the expectations for the use of the wearable accelerometer where the sensor detection is for the seizure that is found to be effective. The effectiveness is based on how the devices are subjected to handle the unattended patient, with impact that occurs at night which is found to be unobserved. This can easily be avoided through the use of the seizure detection system with the triggering of the alarms that one is aware of the care taken with proper actions.

Accelerometry Systems

Considering the robust seizure detection algorithm, it has been seen that there are long term recording which are mainly for preserving the performances. It includes the handling of the delaying in the preservation of high sensitive with the keeping of different detection which is lower and  important as well. The assessment is based on the approaches which are based on the evaluation of the techniques that are worked upon through handling the seizure detection approaches. The changing properties are for the bio signals over the time with the idea related to the form that include the feature scaling methods [8]. The classifications include the figure of how one can work with the FDR which tends to increase and then handled through the seizure detection method. The FDR increases slightly with the results that confirm to the features that are based on performance measures. The optimization approach is based on searching and working on the optimum detection time window which highlights about showing the time windows for the two seconds and then overlapping the overall performance.

One need to work on the different frame velocity profiles which includes the profitability standards that include the impact of working on the optimization approach which includes the detection with the time windows for the seizure detection. Here, the results are defined for the time window of the two second with one second that is overlapping with the better performance. The forms are related to how the analysis is worked upon with the sensitive with two second of the time window that is overlapping with the detection delays that are about 1.3 second and the FDR is also seen to be smaller comparatively.

The principle point of this research is to distinguish different devices/components are being used as a part of the field of medical and investigate those through a beneficial procedure with a specific end goal to serve significant result from the research which would be very effective for future to improve the existing developments. There are several devices have been developed to prevent epilepsy though only few of them being used by the industry and running successfully. All the identified technologies can be classified in to several categories as mentioned in the above table. It has been recognized that roughly 50 million individuals worldwide are epileptic. Epilepsy is the third most regular neurological issue following stroke and Alzheimer’s illness, however it forces higher expenses on society than stroke does. Epileptic seizure onsets are regularly described by particular forerunners incorporating expanded variances in stage synchrony and resulting expanded cerebrum synchronization. The early seizure location calculation depends on figuring the greatness, stage and stage synchrony of neural flags in particular recurrence groups in the neural flag range. At the point when the processed stage synchrony increments over a programmable edge in a moving normal time window, a seizure is distinguished. There are three kinds of ready gadgets accessible today in light of movement discovery for epilepsy, for example, sleeping cushion gadgets, watch gadgets, and camera gadgets. Bedding gadgets are normally set under a sleeping pad to recognize vibrations.

Mattress Sensors

What’s more, one might say that Epileptic caution applications made utilizing the Android Software Development Kit (Android SDK) with focused android Smartphone gadgets outfitted with GPS, movement sensor and position sensor. Most complex cell phones have worked in sensors that can be utilized to gauge movement, introduction, and changing ecological conditions. By having an effective consideration of diverse technological tools the issues in terms of epileptic can be overcome. Pharmaceuticals routinely have confined general conduct practicality, as a rule cause side effects, and the patient makes security from them unavoidably. Besides, only a couple of patients are respected to be hopefuls for mind surgery. A stress for a patient with epilepsy isn’t only the seizures that are seen, however those that go undetected. This is especially substantial for seizures a patient may have in their rest. The target of epilepsy treatment is to use solutions and diverse medications to keep a patient seizure free. Regardless, it’s possible a patient could think their epilepsy is controlled, however have seizures around night time.

IV. Conclusion

The overall work focus on the epileptic seizure detection which is based on the detection through proper performance based on the biological signal that is coming from the human skin. It includes the combination of the fabrics and the use of the pre-amplifier that is set into the analog that is coming from the front end-circuit with the assembling on the flexible printing circuit. They are for fitting with the textile and then handling the designing which is important for the detection tag seizure [15]. It includes the mixed signals with the BLE chip for the wireless transmission. The validation of the epilepsy is based on the utilization of the single implantable electronic microchip. This is for the experimental procedures with the detection and the closed loop seizure where the demonstrations are about handling the in vivo on rats. The computation is based on the magnitude with the phases and the phase synchrony. The operations are based on the neural stimulatory with the 64 channels that are depending upon how the closed loop treatment is used for the integrable epilepsy with 80% efficiency as well.

Despite of the limitations for the studying patients, there are certain impatient setting where the study is about focusing on the MPS devices [12]. The patients tend to believe about the tonic clonic seizures. Here, the study is about the utilization of the calibrated devices which are for the home setting and then for the monitoring as well. They will be able to characterize it in a proper manner as well.

References

[1] J. S. Huff and M. Huff, “Epilepsy,” [Online]. Available: https://www.emedicinehealth.com/epilepsy/article_em.htm#what_is_epilepsy.

[2] S. Ramgopal and S. Thome-Souza, “Seizure detection, seizure prediction, and closed-loop warning systems in epilepsy,” Epilepsy & Behavior, vol. 37, pp. 291-307, August 2014.

[3] Elsayed, Saad Zaghloul and Bayoumi, “BCI/AIS Low Power Adaptive Architecture for Early Prediction of epilepsy seizrues,” 2017.

[4] S. M.Tariqus, S. Tonekaboni and H. Kassiri, “Closed-Loop Neurostimulators: A Survey and A Seizure-Predicting Design Example for Intractable Epilepsy Treatment,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 11, pp. 1026 – 1040, 2017.

[5] R. Nall, “Bracelets and Devices for People with Epilepsy,” 29 July 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.healthline.com/health/bracelets-and-devices-epilepsy.

[6] W. Shao, Y. Miao and Z. Li, “An Intracranial Implantable Ultrasound Device for Seizure Mapping,” in Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2017 IEEE International, 2017.

[7] K. Abdelhalim, H. M. Jafari and L. Kokarovtseva, “Neural Synchrony-Monitoring Wireless Brain Implant for Intractable Epilepsy Neuromodulation,” San Diego, CA, 2013.

[8] F. Manzouri, A. Schulze-Bonhage and M. Dümpelmann, “Optimized Detector for Closed-loop Devices for,” in Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2017.

[9] S. V. Tonpe, Y. G. Adhav and A. K. Joshi, “Epileptic Seizure Detection using Micro Sensor,” Chennai, 2017.

[10] O. Salem, Y. Rebhi and A. Boumaza, “Detection of Nocturnal Epileptic Seizures Using Wireless 3-D Accelerometer Sensors,” Natal, Brazil, 2014.

[11] G. Wu and S. Xue, “Portable Preimpact Fall Detector With Inertial Sensors,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, vol. 16, pp. 178 – 183, 03 04 2008.

[12] C. Carlson, V. Arnedo, M. Cahill and O. Devinsky, “Detecting nocturnal convulsions: Efficacy of the MP5 monitor,” Seizure, vol. 18, pp. 225-227, April 2009.

[13] I. Conradsen, S. Beniczky and P. Wolf, “Evaluation of novel algorithm embedded in a wearable sEMG device,” San Diego, CA, 2012.

[14] A. Y. Adwitiya, D. H. Hareva and I. A. Lazarusli, “Epileptic Alert System on Smartphone,” in Soft Computing, Intelligent System and Information Technology, Denpasar, Indonesia, 2017.

[15] S.-K. Lin, Y.-S. Lin and C.-Y. Lin, “A Smart Headband for Epileptic Seizure Detection,” Bethesda, 2017.

Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:

Turnitin Report

Formatting

Title Page

Citation

Outline

Place an Order