Mission of OSHMP 2020
Discuss About The Evaluation Hydroelectric Power Generation.
Managing occupational safety and health (OSH) at the place of work has become more significant due to the advanced stakeholders’ prospects. In modern days, most of the companies outsourcing for their works i.e. contractors, because of their emphasis on core services and production activities (Rausand, 2011). Normally work related to construction, heavy weight lifting and scaffolding is contracted out by the companies which include more danger for workers as a concern for injuries and hazards (Hopkin, 2010). The Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan 2016-20 (OSH-MP 2020) is the plan and strategy formulated by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) with the main strategy, is to educate organisational people about the preventive culture at the workplace (Occupational safety and health master plan 2016-2020, 2016). This Plan serves as the supporting plan of previous two OSH mission plans in order to boost the nurturing of a safe, healthy, and preventive culture among employers and employees (Certification International, Malaysia, 2018). The key objective of the OSHMP 2020 master plan is to identify and take immediate action to reduce the death rate up to 4.36/100,000 workers and accident rate up to 2.53/1,000 workers, as well as to reduce the increasing report rate in employee disease and work poisoning which is 30% by the year 2020. To achieve this objective, the OSH-MP 2020 set five key strategies founded on the effort to increase awareness of stakeholders, responsibility and commitment to occupational safety and health (Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia, 2014). These five strategies are the consolidation of OSH management at the workplace, Government leadership, international OSH strategic alliance, OSH sharing and network and healthy maintenance of industrial hygiene. These five strategies of the mission plan are supported by various programmes and activities based on nurturing the Preventive Culture at all level of the organisation (Seville, & Teyssier, 2017). The main focus of OSHMP 2020 is on SMI (Small and Medium Industry) because it is specially created to consider the worker’s health and safety issues in small and medium organisations. DOSH will monitor, regulate, measure, and coordinate the entire program and strategy plan 2020 and goal achievement and is devoted to the success and accomplishment of all planned programmes. At the factory place Prevention safety and health-culture refers to a culture where all working people has the right to a safe and healthy work environment and they actively participate in through systematic rules and regulations, responsibilities and duties, and where prevention has been given the first preference (Lack, 2017). The general principles of prevention culture are as follows:
- Avoiding and mitigating risk
- Assessing the risks which are un-avoided.
- Adapting advanced technology
- Replacing hazardous risks by non-hazardous risks.
- Mitigating the risk at the source level.
- Educate employees about the risk that occurs during work in the workplace.
- Formulate policy for employees that cover organisational work, social relationship, technology, and working condition and the influencing factor related to the working environment.
Vision of OSHMP 2020
The mission of OSHMP 2020 is to management enhancement at the workplace. A well-dedicated approach required from both employer and employee towards the knowledge and training to remove the danger from the workplace. Training related to ‘occupational safety and health’ need to be conducted at each organisational level, which starts with top management to bottom level employees.
The vision of OSHMP 2020 is to the applied preventive culture at the workplace. The approach for SMI strategic plan is planned from the identified programmes of OSHMP 2020.
The IAQ group is a modest domestic engineering firm in Malaysia that delivers maintenance, engineering, construction, procurement and project management to customers in wide range of industries. The management and employees of IAQ Group set the goals to achieve the OSH objectives in line with its OSH policy (IAQ, 2018). IAQ focus on awareness among the employees and about the health and safety practices. IAQ focusing on achieving zero notice of prohibition for OSH issues/matters from DOSH or other relevant authorities to achieve zero life losses in the workplace. IAQ gives equal priority to both Quality Assurance (QA) and environmental protection objectives to remove any injuries or hazard from the organisation. IAQ ensure that it’s a responsibility of every member of the organisation to make an effort towards the effectiveness of the OSHMP policy (IAQ, 2018). The company tracked the risks related to work and mitigates it on the regular basis at the top level management, and create a scenario planning related with the risk with a mock drills exercise. The IAQ group also ensure that proper training, resources and time are made available to the employees and employers of the organisation to create a better work environment in the workplace. The OSHMS programs will be reviewed from time to time by the company to ensure continuous improvement in the organisation work environment and culture. IAQ focuses on “Duty of Care” to encourage safe and healthy work environment where both managers and employees responsible for common duty and responsibility to maintain a healthy work environment. The organisation monitors and reviews the safety and health policy on regular basis thus it can ensure that the objective of the organisation can be easily achieved without any injuries or life loss during work at the workplace. IAQ ensures that its employers and workers take all the practical steps and well equipped with the safety kit before work to avoid any hazard, injury or harm at the workplace. IAQ established a robust coordination and communication system between the organisation and the workers prior to commencing any work, thus the superior can inform and suggest about the safety and health-related issues and precautions. IAQ is also focusing on providing training to the workers and conduct awareness program related to safety and health hazards and injuries on the regular basis which is beneficial for the employees at the workplace. To initiate the message of OSMP 2020 prevention culture, IAQ applies zero tolerance policy to all their employees as well as the third-party service partner to protect them from any injuries or harm. In any organisation, nurturing a positive and preventive safety culture has become a strong and a critical fundamental of refining safety performance in the organisation. IAQ more focuses on preventive work culture in the organisation by giving emphasis on employee safety and health. The result of implementing OSHMP policy in the organisation is the accidental level has been reduced to lower level along with the higher attention towards the development of the employee (Vargas-Hernández, 2011). The practice of OSHMP safety and health guidelines also helped the company in enhancing the performance of the employees by boosting their self-confidence at the workplace.
Practice of OSHMP 2020 in IAQ Company
To manage hazard risks, the organisation use control options of Preventive, Corrective, Directive and Detective (PCDD) which helps the organisation to control the risks in the organisation (Karzner, 2017). Preventive controls are used by the organisation to limit the possibility of an unexpected hazard or risk occurring at the workplace. It helps the organisation to eliminate any risk or hazard so that no further attention of it is required. The disadvantages of preventive controls are that the effective and cost-efficient activity may be eliminated or replaced by some other less effective and efficient activity that may give some extra profit to the organisation. In IAQ group, for health and safety risks, preventive controls are implemented by substituting a less hazardous material and equipment so that the employees’ injuries or harm can easily be eliminated. IAQ implements appropriate preventive controls to reduce the impact of an undesirable and unexpected risk. IAQ implements the preventive control by separation of duty of the workers, whereby no person has authority to operate a machine or doing any act without the consent of his/her senior. Proper training required before commencing any work which includes risk related to employee health or includes any hazard. The IAQ provides safeguard, uniforms and security facilities to its worker before any work that includes risk related to health and safety
Corrective controls are designed to reduce the loss from any unexpected consequences that have been recognised at the workplace. The corrective controls may also include some rout of recourse that helps the organisation to achieve some recovery against the damage or any loss (Loosemore, Raftery, Reilly, & Higgon, 2012). Corrective controls are simple and cost-efficient and it does not require any elimination or replacement of any policy or procedure in the organisation as an alternative method of work (Müller & Jugdev, 2012). IAQ is using the corrective method to remove the fraud by using a password and other access control for the employees. They provide unique id and password for each and every employee thus any fraud can easily be detected and short out. For the purpose of health and safety, all the engineering containments are gardening by well-established barriers and the workers are well equipped with the safety kit in case of any risk or hazard occurrence. The IAQ group has its own medical facility in case of any medical emergency or accident.
Directive control is known by the organisation and organisation will be very much familiar with the directive controls. The employees of the organisation need to guide and advised in correct ways thus it will be necessary for the organisation to familiar with directive control technique (Verbano & Venturini, 2011). An example of these types of controls is the necessity of wearing protective equipment during the risky work that causes harm or dangerous for the employees’ health or life. The employees of the organisation will need to be trained in the proper use of this equipment and a quality supervision will be required to ensure that it is implemented correctly during work. The IAQ provides training and quality equipment to its workers to protect them from any accident or hazards at the workplace. The advantage of this type of control is that the risk can be explained during usual training and instruction period before the commencement of the job. In IAQ group, the employees and workers are well aware in advance about the risk and problem they have to face during the work at the workplace. In IAQ, the directive controls requires a low-level superior control and a continuous supervision in order to ensure that right work approaches are being followed. Although directive controls are the insecure and unpredictable technique of risk control and serve as a small component in the overall risk control approach adopted by the organisation.
Preventive Controls of Hazard Risks in IAQ Company
Detective controls are those procedures that recognize when the risk has been appeared and spread its impact on the work. Detective control plays a crucial role when the event is not entirely satisfactory because of risk occurrence but can be corrected in certain conditions (Health and Safety Authority, 2018). It works when other risk controls are unable to mitigate the impact of risk at the workplace. Detective controls are closely attached with the monitoring and review practices undertaken as a portion of risk management practices. The benefit of detective control is that these types of control are simple to manage and administer. The disadvantage of detective controls is that the risk will already have been appeared and impacts various works and then it detected (Nikolic & Laban, 2008). This shows the failure of other risk controls in the organisation. IAQ generally try to mitigate the impact of risk at source level but when risk materialised in the work they take some specific steps against it to overcome. To minimise the risk related to employee’s health and safety, the organisation identify the early indications of the work-related unfriendly health conditions, employees will be diagnosed timely and further effects of the risk can be removed. The IAQ group provide facilities to its workers against any health issues such as early detecting lung disease from dust exposure, skin problems and detection of deafness caused by heavy occupational noise at the workplace. IAQ provides all the facilities to its worker against any possible risk or hazard occurrence at the workplace. IAQ consider all the measures and security step in the organisation as prescribed by the occupational safety and health mission plan 2020.
A well-managed project is one that attains its pre-determined goal and objectives in the most effective manner possible. Project risk management (PRM) is the crucial part of project management to achieve the organisational objective. Project risk can be explained as an unpredictable condition or event that, if it appears, has an adverse or familiar effect on the project’s mission and objective (Hillson, 2012). Risk management is an essential part of the project management. In simple words, risk management in a project is dealing with factors that adversely affect the project to reduce the risk and exploit the opportunities related with project planning and decisions (Glendon, Clarke, & McKenna, 2012). Project risk Management considering those factors and causes that arise during the time of a project that may adversely affect the result of that project and therefore it is required to minimise or eliminate these risks through better planning and execution of strategies. It is the procedure of identifying, analysing and after that responding to the risk that arises in the project to help the project to run smoothly towards the achievement of organisational objective. Risk management is a crucial part of the project management. It can be defined as a gap between expected and actual outcomes from a project or an event. In other words, risk is usually considered in terms of probabilities and consequences (impact on objectives). The possible outcomes of all factors which are favourable or unfavourable connected with these activities have to be well-ordered and documented. Risk management is a technique, in the hand of the Project manager to minimise the unfavourable or adverse effect of a probable financial uncertainty from a project. If the project manager and his team practice a well-planned and systematic approach to risk management, it will mitigate all the risk and increase the value and effeteness of each activity performed in the project. To avoid high project cost and delays in the project, a careful planning is required from the project manager that may be informing of better resource utilization, training of employee, education of the employee who fears from facing challenges from new technology and resist it, improving infrastructure according to the requirement of the project and attention on a particular project at a single time can help reduce risks linked with the project. To manage the risk is not a counter-action only rather it should be part of the project planning process to evaluate, analyse, and control the risk that might happen in the project. By considering these facts in mind the project manager or a businessman always tries to avoid risks by adequate planning and strategies against the possible future risks that affect the project or business organisation adversely. Project risks are those risks which can create problems in the project, or delayed the project, or exceed the budget which was allocated to the project. Risk management deals with both positive and negative sides of risk. Therefore, the key focus of risk and hazard management is to eliminate the negative impact of risk from the project through compact planning and strategies.
Corrective Controls of Hazard Risks in IAQ Company
Project Risk Analysis and Management (PRAM) is a sequence of steps that enable the organisation to analyse and management of risk linked with a project. PRAM can be considered as an edge over risks and help the organisation to enhance the chances of successful accomplishment of a project as per cost, performance and time factors. PRAM is a process designed to reduce or remove the impact of risk which adversely affect the project objectives. In any organisation, no projects are of the same nature. Generally, things go wrong because of particular causes and it can be unique for different projects or industry. Therefore, dealing with risks in projects can vary from other projects of same organisation. Because projects always contain a innovative, engineering and strategic content a logical process has proven greater choice to an instinctive approach (Leung & Kwan, 2011). PRAM has been developed to meet this requirement.
There are various reasons for using PRAM in the project management, but the major motive is that it can offer major benefits in project management and works. PRAM serves not only the project but it helps other parties as well, such as the organisation and customers. Some examples of the main benefits of PRAM are as follows:
- A clear and better understanding of the project, which in turns helps in making of more genuine plans which are both cost and time effective. It helps the organisation to prepare itself in advance before the risk occurrence in the project. It also helps in consideration of how risks can lead to the use of the more appropriate type of agreement or contract work.
- It helps in understanding the nature of risk and their possible impact, which can help in mitigating the impact of the risk for a particular party or can be useful to transfer the same risk to other parties of the organisation who can better handle it (Kendrick, 2015). The best understanding of risk in a project can lead to justifying decisions and helps the project manager to take quality decisions regarding management of risks in the organisation.
- Proper knowledge of the risks in the project can helps in evaluation of possible chances of hazards and danger that truly reflect the sign of risks and which also like to discourage the taking of economically illogical assignments or projects (Chapman, 2011). If a project manager deals in the statistical information of historical risks, it could be beneficial for better modelling of future projects. Historical data from past experiences always helpful in project risk management. Expertise knowledge in PRAM is always appreciated by the organisation considering the success of the project. However, if experts are not available in the organisation it can be outsourced from the outside consultants.
- PRAM provides a wide range of choices to protect the organisation and mitigate the impact of the risk in a project. By advance project planning and management, it provides help in a distinction between good destiny and good management and bad destiny and bad management (Kutsch & Hall, 2010). PRAM provides a secret weapon and an edge over the possible risk occurrence in a project by advance project planning and risk management.
Therefore, PRAM serves as a tool in the hand of the project manager to mitigate the impact of risk and prepare the organisation in advance against any risk occurrence in the organisation at the workplace. It also saves the workers from any injuries and hazards that have been caused by any hazard or risk.
The Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) have become vital to the practice of planning and the operation of an organisation as a fundamental of risk management (HIRARC, 2008). The organisations that have practised risk assessment in the organisation within a project have noticed various changes in their work environment (Kyokai, 2009). Those who have already practised risk assessment at the workplace have noticed positive effect and experience in the organisation (Rosenau & Githens, 2012). The risk assessment should be an on-going process and it should not be regarded as a single stroke exercise.
The basic purpose of the HIRARC guidelines is to deliver a methodical assistance to evaluating danger at the workplace and their related impacts that will provide an objective measure of a recognized risk or hazard. It is one of the general duties of employers under Occupational safety and health Act 1994 (Act 514) to provide a safe and secure workplace for their employees and other people of the same organisation (Ahmad, MohdZin, Othman, & Muhamad, 2016). HIRARC is also responsible to recognise all the risk elements that may cause injuries or harm during work to the employees and others (Saedi, Thambirajah, & Pariatamby, 2014). It also enables the employers to plan and create preventive measures to control the risk at any time. According to HIRARC, it should be the duty of the employer to appoint an expert and trained people to lead a team of employees connected with one particular process or activity to conduct HIRARC (Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia, 2011). HIRARC activities shall be deliberately planned and conducted for those situations where hazard seem to pose a substantial danger or where the situation is unpredictable whether existing controls are suitable. It should be the duty of the employer to appoint trained and well expert people or provide training to the existing employers to guide employees linked with a certain activity or process to practice HIRARC. The process of HIRARC requires classification of events, find hazards, conduct a risk assessment and evaluation task, and decide if risk is tolerable or not and apply control measures.
IAQ Company follows the process of HIRARC process to save their workers from any hazard or injuries. Hazards are common near the workplace and consist of risk to safety and health of employees. The IAQ group ensures that there is no chance of any accident during work by implementing risk assessment and risk control process. Risk assessment is a major element in the organisational decision-making process. Risk control is the removal or mitigation of a hazard chances in such a way that the hazard would not create any risk to the employees in a particular workplace (Fekete, 2012). Hazard or risk can be controlled at the route level where the problem is generated. IAQ Company conducts various training courses for the workers to aware about the possible risk and hazards during work which is approved by DOSH. The maintenance of machinery, inspection of machinery, fabrication, and erection work is also performing by the company according to the HIRARC guidelines. The IAQ group assign duties and responsibilities of every person according to their work. The lift competent person is responsible for any fault occurred in the lift. The lift person is responsible for the safety and health of the employee during the installation, testing and first inspection of the lifts under his care. The person will inform the chief inspector of the organisation if any accident or incident involving the lift. The stream engineer, internal combustion engine engineer, boiler man and ICE driver is responsible for safe operation of the related equipment and their duties are also to advise and aware others about the risk and problem. The crane operator is responsible for the safe and secure operation of crane machines, thus no one can harm or injured. The IAQ group more focusing on HIRARC guidelines and make sure that the risk will be assessed and evaluate in advance, thus any required measures, that can mitigate the impact of the risk can be taken as soon as possible and stop the risk to harm any workers. IAQ is more focusing on hazard identification in the workplace because it solves half of the problem when the project manager identifies the possible risk of hazard. Then it is necessary to understand the nature of the hazard and its intensity of impact on the work and health of the employees. The IAQ group use several methods to identify the hazard such as examining the workplace or particular area of the workplace, analysing different occupation and task, and the process of raw material conversion into finish goods (IAQ, 2018). Then they assess the risk and its nature associated with each identified hazards during the hazard detection process. Then the problem-solving team consider various methods to solve the problem and select bet alternatives which solve their problem without affecting the organisational objective and goal. The company follow the HIRARC guidelines and standard to short out the problems related to the hazard. The company has several action plans as Plan ‘A’, Plan ‘B’ and Plan ‘C’ to remove the hazard from the workplace (Krane, Olsson, & Rolstadas, 2012). They also work on the emergency plan if any risk is occurring in the midway of the project and the company is not aware of its appearance, then the emergency plan is implemented to reduce the effect of the hazard or risk. Emergence may be natural or manmade like fires, floods, tornados, earthquake, chemical spills, toxic gas release, explosions, radiological accidents and civil disturbances. The IAQ set-up an emergency risk management team to protect and secure their employee from these emergence problems in the workplace. The IAQ group initiated a preventive action to stop a potential problem during workplace. They also provide safety equipment to its engineers and workers at the workplace that protect them from any risk or hazard occurrence during the call. Apart from these preparations the IAQ Company more focusing on the communication system that helps the employee to know about the problem before the risk or hazard occurring in the organisation.
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