Trends in Family Centred Practice
Family-centered practice is an effective process of enabling interactions between the families and the children through predictive interactive avenues which improve development. Family-centered practice is a process which the families formally and informally in various systems provide enhanced capacity to offer care and protection of children.
The family-centered practice has been implemented in various contexts and results have shown positive outcomes, research undertaken shows that parent’s involvement on education perspective of their children is linked to an improved learning outcome, (Nzinga-Johnson et al, 2009). Family-centered practice approach promotes adequate care for the children. Professional understanding and respecting family relationships and cultures offer a higher continuity of care and secured attachments.
In a study conducted in India assessing the effectiveness of the Family-centered approach, showed that this tool improved perception and practice engagements of the participants towards health care issues and over ally providing enduring and feasible solutions for the families, (Shivalli, Majra, Akshaya, & Qadiri, 2014).
The family-centered practice has not been adopted and implemented as first as it could. Evidence has shown that some of the practitioners are engaged in search of practical guidelines on the implementation of the family-centered practice. Challenges observed have been linked to a lack of administrative support from management, families, and challenge of enabling families as experts and equals in their network teams, (Espe-Sherwindt, 2008).
The key focus of FCP is on the safety of the children and needs in the context of the underlying families and communities on building strengths so as to achieve optimal outcomes. This process enhances family support and strengthens families while ensuring child safety process, (Bringing It All Back Home Study Center, 2002). Despite this recognition of family-centered practice, there has been beliefs and principles which have been formulated to guide this practices whoever still remain unclear.
The emphasis of the family-centered process in healthcare is geared towards the improvement of improved outcomes among children and families involved,(Dempsey & Keen, 2008). Key fundamental principles which have been laid down to enhance family centred practice include closer collaboration within family units which enhances safety and family members well being, strengthening family capacities for effectively functioning, empowerment of families, establishing relationships, offering individualized care and linking families with professional network teams such as occupational therapists, (National Child Welfare Resource Centre for Family-Centered Practice 2002).
FCP has focused on the attention of the family as its primary aim through enhancing strength, respect, and offering support, ( Fingerhut et al, 2013). Families and their respective children are evaluated so as to build an inclusive program with the family rather than offering a dictated program, this enhances the family and caregivers towards the maintenance of authority and positive program results.
The relevance of Family-Centred Practice for the Family
Occupational therapy has been implemented in Occupational Therapy Framework Domain and Processes as an avenue for a client-centered approach which its end result is achieving and enhancing health participation throughout the life and occupation, (2nd ed.; American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2008). Occupational therapy professionals use a family-centered approach rather than client approach when dealing with children, (Case-Smith, 2010).
Occupational therapy approach for the children creates a positive environment for the children and family to offer support and contributing towards occupational therapy process through an equal partnership approach. Occupational therapy professionals in the previous decades have been concerned with practices which are child-friendly being involved in the daily occupational process so as to minimize and prevent harm and impairments, (Dunford, Owen & Kelly, 2010).
Occupational therapy approaches among youth and children have often been complex due to associated challenges and affordability of client-centered practices. Services have been channelled through family-centered networks occurring within the networks of the family, (Samadi, McConkey & Kelly, 2013). Children engagement in the therapeutic care process enhances motivation by developing a sense of autonomy, building competence and connecting with other significant personalities, (Poulsen, Rodger & Zivian, 2006).
Occupational centered practice identifies goals and objectives for the children and families. It seeks to enhance change within the inert person, occupation and the surrounding environment. When an occupational therapist undergoes this process of building a collaborative process among children during goal setting, more benefits are achieved, (Bourke-Tylor, 2017).
Various studies have been undertaken to investigate barriers and challenges facing family-centered practice among the therapist practitioners. In an exploratory qualitative design study on treatment barriers facing family focussed mental health services, results indicate that barriers associated included; treatment access challenges, limited support and poor involvement levels of the family level, (Baker-Ericzen, Jenkins & Haine-Schlagel, 2034). Similarly, a study assessing functional family therapy found out that families engagement, organizational factors and structural and delivery challenges were noted, (McPherson, Kerr, Casey & Marshall, 2017).
Occupational therapy practice and implementation protocol have broadly been based in Western values, however, replication of the same practice in Arabic, Middle East, and other Islamic cultures have been investigated to have the difference and observed cultural differences. Experiences of Occupational therapists in Oman and its environ have shown significant differences. Applications of family therapeutic goals facilitating autonomy and independence have been a challenge in a culture where family duty and care responsibility are highly at stake. Home care services such as dressing and cooking care gender-related issues display significant challenges. Occupational therapist key roles are to adopt this differences which allow pragmatic problem-solving process and strategies without any alterations of family philosophy, (Al Busaidy & Borthwick, 2012).
Importance of FCP to the Occupational Therapist role
This scenario depicts families as highly influenced by culture and patterns of belief and associated behaviors. It is evidence that in most Arab cultures, the roles of the family are often placed above the individual personality needs, where honoring family values is often linked to adaptations of life changes, (Awaad, 2003). In the Islamic cultures, it is the norm of the immediate family to care for the ill family members, as this is regarded as a duty and social, (Yang, Shek, Tsunaka & Lim, 2006) responsibility tasked with offering psychological and physical support.
Over the past decade, intervention programs have focussed on family-centered care with the realization and need for child support and community taking a central role. In the US, the Council for Exceptional Children has published recommendations which focus on family-centered care, (Hemmeter, Joseph, Smith, & Sandall, 2001). These guidelines have focussed on strengthening the participation and relationship of monitoring intervention of children. Currently, family-centered care services dominate child care services in western countries, (Klassen et al, 2008).
In a qualitative study on FCP Model having family strengths, ideas and treatment involvements engaged in the empowerment process for the families showed positive experiences on service outcomes, (Roley et al, 2008).
In Saudi Arabia, assessment on perception and practices of nurses on family-centered care revealed that the participants identified most key elements being necessary for family-centered care. However, despite these findings, health care practitioners still face challenges in implementing this model. Adoption of western values into the context of Saudi Arabia proves to be a challenging as they have no western culture, (Alabdulaziz, Moss & Copnell, 2017).
Previous studies have shown the importance and relevance of family involvement in pediatric care, there still exist challenges in the organizational context in countries such as Iran. In a quasi-experimental study, undertaken in Razi Hospital, Iran on determining effects of Family-centered care on parents satisfaction, showed that there was increased satisfaction rate among parents, thus the implementation of FCC can increase care quality of families and patients, (Rostami2015).
A meta-analysis study by Foster, Whiethead, Maybee & Cullens, (2013) on delivery family-centered care in pediatric care on perceptions and experiences of parents and health care practitioners showed that critical care units individual cultures was essential in creating and reinforcing parental care needs coupled with communication and effective relationships were key factors in maintaining negative perceptions and experiences in healthcare settings.
Quality of health care can be evaluated by assessing medical outcomes involved. Effect of family-centered practice on maternal health care satisfaction and readmission process showed that FCP was effective in improving the satisfaction of maternal women and reduced the rates of neonatal admissions in health care organizations in Iran, (Bastin, Abadi & Hgahani, 2015).
Barriers between the therapists and families
The rise of family-centered care and its related involvement of health care decision has increased relaxed policies on visitation schedules of family members to their patients at bedsides. Assessment of health care practitioner’s attitudes on family care approaches in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showed a positive attitude towards the presence of family members in offering care process for the patients, (Omran, Ali& Alshahrani, 2015).
Thus these studies have shown the relevance of family-centered care practice being critically important in the care process. Involving family care plays a fundamental role in illness recovery of patients. Challenges and barriers have been noted especially in Arab countries touching on cultural issues. Assessing and exploring occupational therapist perception plays a critical step in the implementation of family-centered practice in Saudi Arabia.
References
Al Busaidy, N.S.M. and Borthwick, A., 2012. Occupational therapy in Oman: the impact of cultural dissonance. Occupational therapy international, 19(3), pp.154-164.
Alabdulaziz, H., Moss, C. and Copnell, B., 2017. Paediatric nurses’ perceptions and practices of family-centred care in Saudi hospitals: A mixed methods study. International journal of nursing studies, 69, pp.66-77.
Awaad, J., 2003. Culture, cultural competency and occupational therapy: A review of the literature. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(8), pp.356-362.
Baker-Ericzén, M.J., Jenkins, M.M. and Haine-Schlagel, R., 2013. Therapist, parent, and youth perspectives of treatment barriers to family-focused community outpatient mental health services. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(6), pp.854-868.
Bastani, F., Abadi, T.A. and Haghani, H., 2015. Effect of family-centered care on improving parental satisfaction and reducing readmission among premature infants: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(1), p.SC04.
Bourke?Taylor, H., 2017. Occupational therapists working with children and families: two decades of progress. Australian occupational therapy journal, 64, pp.11-13.
Bringing It All Back Home Study Center. (2002). Partners in change: A new perspective on child protective services (curriculum). Boone, NC: Author.
Case-Smith, J. and O’Brien, J.C., 2014. Occupational Therapy for Children and Adolescents-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Dempsey, I. and Keen, D., 2008. A review of processes and outcomes in family-centered services for children with a disability. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 28(1), pp.42-52.
Dunford, C., Owen, C. and Kelly, J., 2010. Occupational therapy with children and young people: A perspective from the United Kingdom. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 3(2), pp.187-196.
ESPE?SHERWINDT, M.A.R.I.L.Y.N., 2008. Family?centred practice: collaboration, competency and evidence. Support for learning, 23(3), pp.136-143.
Fingerhut, P.E., Piro, J., Sutton, A., Campbell, R., Lewis, C., Lawji, D. and Martinez, N., 2013. Family-centered principles implemented in home-based, clinic-based, and school-based pediatric settings. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(2), pp.228-235.
Literature Review
Foster, M.J., Whitehead, L., Maybee, P. and Cullens, V., 2013. The parents’, hospitalized child’s, and health care providers’ perceptions and experiences of family centered care within a pediatric critical care setting: A metasynthesis of qualitative research. Journal of Family Nursing, 19(4), pp.431-468.
Hemmeter, M.L., Joseph, G.E., Smith, B.J. and Sandall, S., 2001. DEC Recommended Practices Program Assessment: Improving Practices for Young Children with Special Needs and Their Families. Sopris West, 4093 Specialty Place, Longmont, CO 80504.
Klassen, A.F., Dix, D., Cano, S.J., Papsdorf, M., Sung, L. and Klaassen, R.J., 2009. Evaluating family?centred service in paediatric oncology with the measure of processes of care (MPOC?20). Child: care, health and development, 35(1), pp.16-22.
McPherson, K.E., Kerr, S., Casey, B. and Marshall, J., 2017. Barriers and facilitators to implementing functional family therapy in a community setting: client and practitioner perspectives. Journal of marital and family therapy, 43(4), pp.717-732.
National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice. (2002). Program improvement plans: An agenda for change. Best Practice/Next Practice (Summer 2002), 1–6. Online <https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/newsletter/BPNPSpecial02.pdf>
Nzinga-Johnson, S., Baker, J.A. and Aupperlee, J., 2009. Teacher-parent relationships and school involvement among racially and educationally diverse parents of kindergartners. The Elementary School Journal, 110(1), pp.81-91.
Omran, S., Ali, N.A. and Alshahrani, H., 2015. Acute care nurses’ attitudes toward family presence during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Clinical Nursing Studies, 3(3), p.69.
Poulsen, A.A., Rodger, S. and Ziviani, J.M., 2006. Understanding children’s motivation from a self?determination theoretical perspective: Implications for practice. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 53(2), pp.78-86.
Roley, S., Delany, J.V., Barrows, C., Honaker, D., Sava, D. and Talley, V., 2008. Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(6).
ROSTAMI, F., 2015. EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON THE INTENTION TO PROVIDE FAMILY-CENTRED CARE AMONG SELECTED HOSPITALS’PAEDIATRIC NURSES IN TEHRAN, IRAN.
Samadi, S.A., McConkey, R. and Kelly, G., 2013. Enhancing parental well-being and coping through a family-centred short course for Iranian parents of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 17(1), pp.27-43.
Shivalli, S., Majra, J.P., Akshaya, K.M. and Qadiri, G.J., 2015. Family centered approach in primary health care: Experience from an urban area of Mangalore, India. The Scientific World Journal, 2015.
Shivalli, S., Majra, J.P., Akshaya, K.M. and Qadiri, G.J., 2015. Family centered approach in primary health care: Experience from an urban area of Mangalore, India. The Scientific World Journal, 2015.
Yang, S., Shek, M.P., Tsunaka, M. and Lim, H.B., 2006. Cultural influences on occupational therapy practice in Singapore: a pilot study. Occupational therapy international, 13(3), pp.176-192.
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
