Factors Affecting Mental Health Of Youths: Impact Of Social Media And Biological Factors

Methodology

Mental health conditions in adolescence are a substantial setback, comparatively conjoint, and acquiescent to management or intermediation. Mental health among the youths has been an issue of concern with many youths currently suffering from mental health challenges. According to Baxter et al., (2014) many youths are silently suffering from mental health-related issues with the majority impacted by several issues in the environment. The burden of mental has been described as huge among the youths who are currently battling many different mental health challenges. Evidence from research shows many youths are currently exposed to an environment that may lead to mental health challenges. This environment results from growth in socialization through social media and other social networking platforms (Rideout, 2017). The technological advances have resulted in challenges that will affect future generations due to exposure to content that is not age appropriate. This is since most youths are still undergoing mental development and are influenced by factors they are exposed to. Many different factors are impacting youth mental health. The following paper examines the factors that impact the mental health of youths.

1. Research questions 
2. What is the impact of social media on youths’ mental health?
3. What are biological factors influencing youth mental health?  
4. What are environmental factors that impact youth mental health?
5. What are psychological factors that impact youth mental health?

Research will use literary analysis to explore factors that impact youth mental health. The research involves an analysis of literature from various sources to establish those factors that affect the mental health of youths. This also follows the analysis of these literature materials collected from secondary sources to establish the external factors that impact youth mental health. The method was reached after analysis of various literature materials that enable the development of the research.

Social media has been viewed as a technology that exerts a profound impact on youths, especially their mental health. The impact of social media on the diagnosis of youth mental health can be understood from a different perspective. Firstly, social media has come with a strong influence on the psychosocial aspect of youths that influences their social behavior. The technology has come with complex social relations that make youths exposed to risks such as bullying and other media-related impacts. In addition, social media has influenced the way many youths think, and this affected their mental development. The brain development of most youths is influenced by social information that triggers the development of the brain’s socio-affective circuitry leading to sensitivity. Social media is a major contributor to this brain development leading to an impact on mental functionality. The social information provided by social media has increased knowledge among youths leading to some social development. This includes the ability of these youths to leave independently from parents and the desire to establish relationships with the peer. In the digital era, social media provide this social information that affected the lives of youths (Rideout, 2015).

Secondly, social media has resulted in the spread of information which is both positive and negative. Information processing is an important brain development hence most youths have engaged in some activities due to the influence of social media. For instance, negative information has to influence negative behaviors among the youth. This is particularly critical for the rise of many vices in society. Social media has influenced the exploration of identity, especially from feedback derived from posted information or media. This has influenced the way youths view themselves leading to mental reconfiguration. This process particularly affects the ability of these youths to think on their own and often seek advice or decision from others. In addition, social media enable the display of personal information in public and this has an impact on the behavior of youths. For instance, some youths strive to gain recognition in the social media space (Anderson & Jiang, 2018).

Discussion

Thirdly, youths’ peer encounters play a serious responsibility in the commencement and upholding of psychopathology (Robertson, 2021). In the social media setting, peer interfaces can transpire with augmented regularity, proximity, and concentration. According to (Viner et al., 2019) specific online peer experiences have been acknowledged as prospective risk aspects for mental health concerns. Cyber victimization, or the involvement of being a casualty of discrimination by peers online, has been constantly found to be correlated with greater rates of self-detriment and suicidal conduct, as well as adopting and expressing tribulations. Other forms of social media peer encounters, like social rejection and online divergence or commotion, also impact the mental wellness of the youth. Furthermore, peer influence processes are also intensified online, where youth get in touch with an extensive array of their equals in supplement to possibly precarious substances. Likewise, youths exposed to social media content portraying risky behaviors such as drug and substance abuse tend to emulate the same. Information associated with recklessness and self-harm may also be readily accessible online and thus hypothetically aggregating suicide risk among youth who are already susceptible. According to current analysis, a greater percentage of youth are psychiatrically hospitalized due to menace of impairment to themselves or others. A significant percentage of youth stated viewing online content that supported is; suicide 15% and self-injury 17% during a short period of their free time and school holidays (O’Reilly et al 2018).

Social comparison is added risk linked with adolescents’ social media usage. Persons are habitually involved in discerning self-exposition on social media, occasioning in a stream of posts and pictures regularly created to depict operators in a positive agile. This may make some youth participate in undesirable social appraisals concerning their achievements, capacities, or manifestation. According to (Reer, Tang & Quand, 2019). superior extents of online social comparison are correlated with depressive indications in youth and those appearance-detailed comparisons on social avenues may intensify the risk for disorderly eating and body image anxieties thus affecting the mental health.

Biological factors denote everything substantial that can result in an adversative consequence on an individual’s mental health. The mental complaint has extensive antiquity of biologically founded substantiation (Wonser, 2019). Biological factors play an essential role in the life of youths leading to mental development. Some of these factors include genetics, biological development, and prenatal damage

Genetics of an individual has been linked to mental health and this is also affecting the youths. There are numerous methods by which genetics impact mental health. Genes manage natural conversions or deviations in the brain, which can influence an adolescent to verdicts such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s ailment (Ungar & Theron, 2020). Additionally, genes can be accountable for defects in an adolescent’s maturity either before or after birth. This implies that mental complaints progress as a consequence of chromosomal transmutations or obliterations. And lastly, genes may impact an individual’s exposure to depression, nervousness, character, and substance abuse conditions. Adolescents who have an immediate family member with mental illness such as depression and anxiety are at a greater risk for the progress of their specific mental health condition (Fairchild et al.,2019).

Impact of social media on youth mental health

Rideout (2017) indicates that biological development especially brains development play a role in mental health. Various developmental factors such transition from childhood to adulthood comes along with many brain developments that trigger the belief of maturity among many adolescents. This may in turn influence the relationship of these youths with others. For instance, the development of muscles among male youths’ triggers belief in maturity and adulthood. This affects the sociology of these youths leading effect on mental health According to Morriss et al., (2014), youths are proactive and are influenced by protective and risk factors. Firstly, protective factors are defined as those biological factors that reduce the likelihood of adverse outcomes in the life of youths. Secondly, risk factors are biological factors that may result in the adverse event in the life of youths.

According to Green & Garg (2018), Prenatal damage comprises any impairment that transpires to a fetus during the gestation period. Prenatal damage is a convincing causative aspect of the prospect of an adolescent to progress a mental disorder. Prenatal impairment can result from the use of drugs by the pregnant mother exposed to various toxicities or ailments during pregnancy. Prenatal destruction can also arise if the pregnant mother is under suggestive anxiety or encounters distress during pregnancy. Moreover, there have been occurrences of prenatal impairment resulting from deprivation of oxygen to the brain which is regularly associated with the progress of autism. All these aspects affect the mental health of individuals as they grow up.

The considerations of biobehavioral and psychosomatic perceptions on adolescent risk performance indicate frequently the significance of the ethnic and social environments in which young people grow. explore how family, peers, schools, societies, and media and technology impact adolescent conduct and risk-taking (Blakemore, 2019). Many different environmental factors affect the mental health of youths. These environmental influences expose youths to despair in mental confronts. Concerning family, families, and their economic situations in specific, influence both parents and youth’s sensations and actions. Lack of effectual parenting impacts the mental health of adolescents due to negative prosocial behaviors. This leads to a lack of various competencies among the youth. Elevated levels of family divergence and deprived communication proficiencies upset parenting and family interactions, downgrade adolescents’ emotional confidence and underpin the use of violence and interpersonal antagonism. Family affiliates may model risk performances and deviancy or operational expressive and social proficiencies, and they may also provide adolescents with behaviors that prejudice them to certain mental health risks (Aldridge & McChesney, 2018).

The environment that includes peers may pile pressure on youths to behave in a certain way and this also has an impact on their mental development. In addition, the environment that exposes youths to trauma may lead to mental developmental factors. This includes bipolar conditions that later lead to brain challenges or mental health issues. Furthermore, according to Jacob (2015), mental health is also influenced by the technological environment that exposes youths to a lot of information leading to information processing challenges in their brains. Violence environment on the other hand negatively affects the brain development of these youths (Sigitova, Fišar, Hroudová, Cikánková & Raboch 2017).

Biological factors that impact youth mental health

(Pedersen et al., 2019) outline that an environment with economic misery also upsets the mental health of the youth. That is, economic drawbacks and social situations affect family performance and the ways that youths relate. For instance, adolescents whose families were lifted out of poverty reservation show enhancement in both psychiatric symptoms and conduct problems. Specifically, this study found that expressing signs, comprising such performance disarrays as comportment disorder but that families with better economic environments do not affect the rate of adopting psychiatric complications, such as depression. The consequence of the adversity varies based on its effect on everyday life. That is, the emotional reaction of the family and the individual is what establishes the psychological influence of the occasion. When parents become depressed, irritated, and hostile with each other and have augmented disagreement, the outcome is habitually insensitive and erratic parenting or retraction. For adolescents, that can imply upsurges in uncertain behavior and less development of the varieties of aptitudes that safeguard them from those threats. observed that other kinds of misery may also similarly impact families. That is, when tension and confrontation are extreme for parents, they normally have a rise in emotional and behavioral complications, which in turn affect family functioning and increase risks for the youth’s mental health (Lund et al., 2018).

4.4 Psychological factors affecting the mental health of youths

The mental health of youths is affected by psychological factors mostly arising from social life or psychosocial issues. Pre-exposure to certain conditions may also lead to the development of mental challenges. For instance, children exposed to fighting and violence may remain affected for most of their life. This is due to the development of some psychosocial issues in their brain leading to mental problems. Social issues that are emerging such as social media bullying may also expose youths to an environment that later affects their mental development. This result into influences such as drug abuse and substance abuse which is a precursor for mental health-related issues (Narmandakh et al., 2021).

Abuse is a substantial psychological factor that affects the mental health of the youth. The mental health of abused youths is at great risk. The abuse may be psychological, uttered, sensual, or physical. Abuse can cause feelings of low self-esteem, absence of self-confidence, despair, seclusion, and irritation. All feelings impair an adolescent’s venture to lead a happy life. Conviction in others and thoughts of being secure and cared for are crucial constituents of recuperation from mistreatment. Rare youths are capable to recuperate on their own. Support is critical, and proficient psychotherapy is occasionally necessary. If abuse is discovered early, the youth has a higher chance of returning to a healthy mental state, and avoiding serious mental complaints is prominently heightened (Newcomb et al., 2020).

(Rasheed, 2021) outline that other psychological factors that affect the mental health of youths are; self-confidence, self-esteem, sense of love, family disintegration or loss, and challenging behavior. Youths with low self-esteem have little value that they place on themselves, have a negative self-image, and lack a sense of self-worth. The youths, therefore, tend to have a negative attitude and are not content with themselves most of the time. Adolescents who feel loved, reliable, and acknowledged by their parents and others are far more prospective to have good self-esteem. They are also more probable to feel contented, protected, and assured. They are much capable to communicate and advance positive relations with others. Youth should be cheered to discern their exceptional virtues and have the conviction to face encounters and take threats. Young people who are brought up to have self-reliance in themselves are more prospective to have positive defiance and to lead delighted and dynamic lives. Separation or divorce or the loss of a parent or sibling is exceptionally excruciating. Discovering methods to handle and amend the transformations produced by these actions is desperate for everyone, but specifically for youth. Ways of handling grief can affect young people negatively in their future mental health. If they experience inconvenience in coping, skilled help is commended (Gonzales, 2022).

Adolescence is a vital period for emerging social and expressive habits imperative for mental well-being. These include embracing healthy sleep configurations, increasing coping, problem-solving, and relational proficiencies; and knowledge to manage sensations. Protecting and reassuring atmospheres in the family, at school, and in the broader society are vital. Adolescents are a vulnerable group and exposure to certain risk factors may lead to mental health challenges. Adolescents are proactive and are highly influenced by social, physical, and emotional changes which also have a profound impact on the life of these youths. According to Connolly and These (2011), exposure to certain risk factors such as abuse, poverty, violence, and bullying may determine the vulnerability of the youths. The world health organization estimates that nearly 14% of youths aged 11-19 or 1 in 7 are dealing with mental health challenges. The worst I that most mental health challenges affecting the youths remain unrecognized (Rideout, 2017). Numerous aspects upset mental health. The more risk issues adolescents are exposed to, the huger the probable impact on their mental health. It is apparent that some mental health circumstances are tremendous and result in the mortalities of many youths.

Mental health determinants among youths are living conditions, stigmatization, peer pressure, and media. Firstly, living conditions have a greater influence on the mental health of youths as they are undergoing brain development and can be influenced by the environment. Secondly, exposure to stigmatization, bullying, and violence provides negative brand development that might affect the well-being of youths. Peer pressure is another determinant of mental health, and this is mostly derived from the pressure to conform to a certain identity among peers. For instance, many youths are facing pressure from their peer to abuse substances as a way of conforming to this identity. This affects the ability of these youths to think and reason about drug abuse.

In addition, many youths find it hard to remain under their parents because of fear of being seen as young. This arose the desire to remain independent and make our own decision as adults (Rideout, 2015).

There are some mental health conditions that most youths are dealing with, and these include an emotional disorder, behavior disorder, eating disorder, psychosis, self-harm, and risk-taking behaviors. Emotional disorder especially anxiety is a mental health condition that affects most youths and adolescents. The anxiety that arises from the feeling of panic and worry is common among young adults. Behavior disorder is the ability of some youths to act or make decisions without considering consequences. This behavior disorder may lead to challenging behavior among youths. An eating disorder is a mental disorder that is characterized by abnormal eating behavior that leads to food preoccupied behavior. Many youths are battling eating disorder that affects their bodyweight leading to other health complications. Psychosis is another mental disorder that also affects youths and is characterized by hallucinations or delusions. Lastly, many youths are also affected by the mental challenges that trigger the desire for self-harm or suicide. This results from the exposure of youths to risk factors that make the brain lose interest in many different things in life (Anderson & Jiang, 2018).

Sleep is another significant mental health aspect that the youths deal with. Sleep dispossession in adolescents is conjoint. Studies show that many youths encounter an average of fewer than eight hours of sleep on school nights. During adolescence, the temperament of sleep varies vividly. First, there is an adjustment from the supremacy of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, where people tend to dream during childhood to non-REM sleep. The study advocates that the great quantity of REM sleep during childhood inspires neural growth and advance of several synaptic acquaintances. Non-REM sleep, dominating in youths, is connected with cleavage and shearing of undesirable acquaintances, intended at refining perception, which is crucial for brain development. Therefore, when brain formation is impaired, mental health is altered and thus coherent discerning and analytical decision making is affected. Due to this reason, logic may be one of the ultimate things to mature in children and thus some adolescent behaviors may appear to be unreasonable, and it is more challenging to inspire them to prioritize sleep (DelRosso et al., 2020).

Based on (Andreucci et al,2021), analysis, when the body system leads to too much insufficiency, it results in youths becoming chronically sleep divested. Youths with chronic sleep deprivation have various mental complications such as; difficulties in concentration, condensed attention period, memory mutilation, and deprived decision making. The mental health impact due to chronic sleep deficit upsurges despair and thus the victims lack enthusiasm and are always moody and aggressive. This progresses to an increased number of sick days from school due to fatigue and thus deprived academic functioning and abridged sporting performance. A potential study has demonstrated the mutual consequences of major depression and sleep deprivation among adolescents. It displays a compact measure of sleep upsurges risk for major depression, which in turn increases the risk for decreased sleep. There is a strong correspondence between depression and deprived sleep. The same neurotransmitters that are distressed in mood complaints such as depression play a responsibility in the sleep-wake cycle. During sleep, the brain undergoes a self-cleaning procedure, and it is important for synaptic flexibility and lessening irritation, as well as many other beneficial processes. So low mood can be a instigate and an upshot of poor sleep. All these are commonly observed in youths who lack sufficient sleep thus affecting their mental wellbeing (Kabel et al, 2018).

SWOT analysis analyses various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that youths are facing.

An adolescent can rock in an area if they set their mental state. They should have a sense of achievement in which they are good if stable in their emotional issues and make sure their mind is strong, and then they can excel in any field. One of the greatest strengths of youths is exergaming. It increases enthusiasm and commitment to physical activity. Exergaming stimulates motivational improvements, as well as stream, involvement, and satisfaction. The prominence of satisfaction is gaining more attention among youths because it seems to be an imperative variable in withstanding an advanced physical activity level. Likewise, a better enjoyment within physical activity has been discovered to be vital for cognitive remunerations, which in turn are alleged to optimistically influence academic attainment Another strength of exergaming is that it allows for individualization and adaptivity. Therefore, youths’ strengths of exergaming conferences may be personalized to fit the requirements of an individual. For instance, important characteristics of the adolescent such as the capability level can be accounted for to prevent mental complications. Thus, the activity has a prospective for the advancement of perceptive and psychosocial objective variables hence advancing the mental health of the youth (Benzing & Schmidt, 2018).

If the adolescent happens to fail in their achievement, it is the parent’s and/or caregivers’ responsibility to support them and make sure the child does their best. Otherwise, some adamant individuals cannot digest their failures. In the short term, they may be depressed which sometimes results in suicide. Adolescents engage in addictive activities such as excessive video gaming. This has a great impact on their social and mental wellbeing. They are not capable of managing their activities which results in overexploitation. Due to these uncontrolled gaming activities, many youths tend to lack a sense of social life and they end up in secluded and depressive circumstances.

There are adolescents who despite failure make more struggles for themselves and put their best efforts intact to make sure in the end they’re still successful. Strong bonds and connections between parents, teachers, and peers can make them more emotionally stable, and more confident to achieve things in life.In addition, youths in rehabilitative situations may benefit from therapy and inspiration and therefore they have the potential to improve general mental health. Youths have the chance of physiotherapeutic intervention and motor learning from elder adults enhanced by practice in a practical setting. Through such learning, they have the potential to be future guides to reaching out to other people with mental health concerns.

If the individual happens to be successful, there are friends or peers who more than likely help motivate them to achieve their goals/ dreams. It is vital to know who a true friend is in the correct situation and at the correct time during an adolescent’s life. The peers of the adolescents are the individuals who make the adolescent take risk. For example, taking behavior such as substance use and indulging in early sex activities. This could lead the adolescent severely impacted in their mental and emotional well-being and as result, on the way to being successful, he/she could become a failure in their field. Additionally, the adolescents encounter another risk of provocative consideration in the cognitive exercise regarding the transferability of proficiencies from the pre-adult life to the real adult world. This transitional risk places several adolescents into a dilemma and confusion concerning the right behavior approach.

Considering the analysis of factors that affect the mental health of the youths, some recommendations need to be considered. Firstly, youths need to be shielded from risk factors

that may negatively affect their mental health. Secondly, youths that are currently suffering from mental health disorders need diagnosis and assistance. Thirdly, there is a need to create an environment that reduces the exposure of youths to risks such as violence, abuse, and depression-causing factors. Fourthly, youths need to be given an opportunity that may lead to self-discovery hence the development of their mental health. Finally, the youth should be enlightened on the importance of self-awareness and approval. This will enable them to speak out and seek help in cases where they are experiencing mental instabilities.

Conclusion 

In conclusion, mental health is a phenomenon that affects many youths in society. Many different factors affect youths’ mental health, and these factors are both external and internal. Social media is a major contributor to the mental health of youths, especially the youths that are struggling with peer identity. In addition, many youths are currently suffering from a variety of mental health challenges such as eating disorders, bipolar disorders, behavior disorders, and self-harm or suicide challenges. Some of the most determinants of mental health among the youths are the environment and biological and psychological factors. Genetics of an individual has been linked to mental health and this is also affecting the youths. The considerations of biobehavioral and psychosomatic perceptions on adolescent risk performance indicate frequently the significance of the ethnic and social environments in which young people grow. Psychological factors that affect the mental health of youths are; self-confidence, self-esteem, sense of love, family disintegration or loss, and challenging behavior. Youths, therefore, need protective factors that may reduce the likelihood of these adverse events on mental health functionality.

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