Research Hypothesis
• What are the most important factors that influences the widespread of Philanthropy?
• How well the socio-cultural development throughout the world be addressed by global philanthropy of large corporations?
• What percentage of the individuals are deprived of their basic resources due to lack of philanthropy?
The topic Philanthropy suggests the development of the people and the institution globally. Through the engagement of the philanthropy, the global issues could be addressed in an appropriate manner. It can be developed through donating proper requirement to the needy people. In the initial stage, the wealthy individual and the nonprofit organization facilitate people by providing actual needs. In this context, the researcher has provided the proper research methods to perceive some strategies for philanthropy expansion globally.
The research questions of the topic are follows:
- What are the most important factors that influence the widespread of Philanthropy?
- How well the socio-cultural development throughout the world be addressed by global philanthropy of large corporations?
- What percentages of the individuals are deprived of their basic resources due to lack of philanthropy?
The hypothesis can provide the effectiveness of the analysis that facilitates to get proper outcome of the research study.
Hypothesis to Question 1:
H1: Social and cultural factors influence the widespread of philanthropy
H0: Social and cultural factors do not influence the widespread of philanthropy
Hypothesis to Question 2:
H1: Socio culture development can be addressed by the global philanthropy of the large organization
H0: Socio culture development cannot be addressed by the global philanthropy of the large organization.
Hypothesis to Question 3:
H1: Higher percentages of the individuals are deprived of their basic resources due to lack of the philanthropy.
H0: Lower percentages of the individuals are deprived of their basic resources due to the lack of the philanthropy.
The researcher will conduct a survey to analysis the topic in detailed manner. The survey process will be based on the quantitative questionnaires (Thiem, 2015). Through the engagement of the survey process, the researcher will get an overview of the topic. In this scenario, the researcher would gather the practical data by conducting the survey. There are some advantages and disadvantages of the survey process. The advantages are such as below:
Advantages of survey:
- It is relatively easy to administer
- The survey can be developed in minimum time
- It is the cost-effective process but it depends on the survey mode
- The survey process can be conducted through online platform and it reduce the geographical dependence
- It can collect the data from large number of respondents
- Numerous questions on the topic will provide the enough knowledge to analysis
- Through the survey process, a broad range of data can be collected
Disadvantages of the survey:
- Respondents may not provide the actual data on the research topic
- Respondents may not be comfortable to provide the data
- Data errors can be happened due to questions non responses
- The close-ended question of the survey may have lower validity rate than other type of the questions
In this context, the researcher will utilize the experimental research design related to quantitative methodology. It facilitates to get the answer of the research topic in a practical way. The research design is appropriate for the study as it will help the researcher to entail control over other variables expect the global philanthropy as the independent variable (Preser, 2014). The researcher has chosen the experimental design for the quantitative methodology. It facilitates to identify the research questions along with the research problems. It is the most authenticate design for analyzing the topic, as it is a systematic and scientific approach (Popping, 2012). Through the engagement of experimental design, the researcher will be able to manipulate one or more variables of the topic. Moreover, if there is a change in other variable, the researcher can measure and control that easily (Fotios, 2015). This design gives priority the time over the cause and effect of the research topic.
Research Survey
Advantage of experiment design
Through the engagement of this design, the research environment can be controlled in an actual manner. Moreover, it is simple to calculate the exact result of the variable of the interest based on the result of the interest (Iman, 2015).
Disadvantage of experiment research:
It is often complex to promise the external validity of the experiment due to frequently non-random selection process and the artificial nature of the experimental context (Crano et al., 2015).
The data analysis could be done based on quantitative data analysis. The quantitative data provides better facts about the topic (Krathwohl, 2009). When the researcher does the hypothesis test on the topic, two types of error can be happened such as type 1 and type 2 errors (Taylor et al., 2015). The risks of these two errors are inversely related. The level of the significance and the strength of the topic can determine it.
Type 1 and Type 2 error:
Type 1 error occurs when the null hypothesis is true and the researcher rejects the fact. The probability of making type 1 error is alpha (α) that denotes the significance of the hypothesis test (Flick, 2015). On the other hand, type 2 error refers a situation when the null hypothesis is false and the researcher fail to reject that. The probability of making type 2 error is β that denotes the dependency of the power of the test (Bryman and Bell, 2015). The researcher can decrease the risk of committing the error by ensuring that the test has enough power. In this context, the researcher has selected the type 1 error as the null hypothesis suggests the fact of the research topic about the effect of the philanthropy across the globe. Four components of the statistical power such as effect size, alpha level, sample size and power. Statistical power facilitates the researcher to get better analysis of the research topic.
There are two options to collect the data such as qualitative and quantitative data collection method. In this context, the researcher has selected the quantitative research method for analyzing the data in a detailed manner (Krathwohl, 2009). The researcher has selected people who belong to the below poverty level for gathering quantitative data.
The quantitative data has facilitated the researcher to evaluate the need of global philanthropy. The quantitative method identifies with the positivism philosophy that suggests the physical and social reality (Krathwohl, 2009). This method has successfully addressed the purpose of the study.
Research Design
Figure 1: Data collection method
(Source: Krathwohl, 2009)
Sample technique:
There are two sampling techniques such as probability and non-probability sampling techniques (Flick, 2015). The researcher has used the probability sampling technique as the researcher randomly selected the respondents.
Sample size:
The researcher has selected 75 people based on the random selection. These respondents have provided the data on the topic and it has facilitated the researcher to analysis the topic in a detailed approach.
One of the limitations of chosen data collection technique is that as it is entirely based on the figures, it is not always up to date. It constantly need updating as the number changes. The respondents may not provide the logical data regarding the topic. Some time, the researcher need tom struggle to find appropriate respondents for gathering the data. The researcher needs to maintain the time limited time boundary to accomplish the analysis (Iman, 2015). Therefore, it becomes huge responsibility for the researcher, as he might not be able to gather data in time.
Strengths:
The researcher has selected quantitative data technique as it helps in collecting large amount of data in short time. Type 1 error provides the reliability of the topic. In sample size, the researcher has selected 75 people based on the random selection, as it is a time saving process.
Weakness:
The selected quantitative data may have some error data as the process is entirely depends on the responses of the respondents. On the other hand, the experimental research design may be complex to provide the external validity of the experiments due to non-random selection process.
There are some ethics that the researcher should maintain while researching the topic. The collected data should not be shared with others (Fotios, 2015). The researcher should not force any respondent for providing the actual data. Therefore, the researcher must maintain some regulations such as data protection, honesty and integrity, confidentiality, voluntary consent and avoiding biasness.
Bryman, A. and Bell, E., (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Crano, W., Brewer, M. and Lac, A. (2015). Principles and methods of social research. New York: Routledge
Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage.
Fotios, S. (2015). Opinion: Methodology matters. Lighting Research and Technology, 47(2), pp.132-132.
Harmon, P., 2014. Business process change. Morgan Kaufmann.
Iman, E. (2015). basics of research methodology. New Delhi: New Indian Publishing Agency.
Krathwohl, D. (2009) Methods of educational and social science research: The logic of methods.
Kumar, R. (2011). Research methodology. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Popping, R. (2012). Qualitative Decisions in Quantitative Text Analysis Research. Sociological Methodology, 42(1), pp.88-90.
Preser, R. (2014). A methodology of damage. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, pp.1-14.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M.,( 2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Thiem, A. (2015). Designing research in the social sciences. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, pp.1-2.
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