The Significance of Tourism in Developing Countries
Tourism has been a major contributor to Australian GDP and developing countries in general. In Australia, it contributes about 3-4%. This is a significant contribution to the economy of Australia. This shows that economy of Australia is impacted by tourism sector (Staubli et al. 2018, p. 17-18). It affects significantly the economy of Australia and Australia must work to improve tourism. Australia receives a varying number of visitors from time to time like just any other country with a tourism destination. The number of tourists arriving yearly affects the economic growth of Australia. Change in climatic conditions in different seasons affects the number of visitors visiting a country and Australia is not exclusive (Sherry at el. 2018, p.190-200). Most visitors from the world travel for different reasons and in different conditions. Some move due to unfavorable weather conditions in their countries. They chose a destination according to the season and how they want to benefit from that destination. Developing countries, in general, have been attractive tourist destinations all over the world in general for example Australia. Some have favorable climatic conditions which make them suitable for guests all over the world to visit the (Shrestha et al. 2018, p.99-107). Apart from tourist features that attract visitors, the wellbeing of tourists is affected by other factors like political stability, climatic conditions and general security of visitors in a country and this makes different countries receive a different number of visitors globally. Every developing Country wishes to have a maximum number of visitors but that is not what is always achieved. Differences come when there is a specific trade or an occurrence happening in a specific part of the world which makes visitors interested in it. For example, Australia has been receiving visitors from overseas wherein 2017 it received about 9 million people visiting about 6% increase from previous years.
The top visitors come from China, USA, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Singapore and Japan among others. Developing countries just like Australia receive these visitors which are important and bring money to the country. Money is very key to the Australian nation and is used for development of the country’s economy. The aim of this study is to look critically and determine factors that influence tourism in developing countries taking Australia as a case study and making conclusions and recommendations. The study will consider and also prove different factors which are believed to influence tourism and tourist decisions before touring a state. These factors are such as the environmental conditions of a certain country, security issues, political stability, landscapes, and accommodation facilities and many others. I believe findings and findings of this study will help Australia and other developing nations to improve tourism. Tourist will also be influenced in the way they make decision to tour destinations (Van der Wagen, and White, 2018).
- Justification of the study and the background of the problem
Factors that Influence Tourist Decisions in Developing Countries
In most third world countries tourism contributes highly to that country’s GDP and it’s taken as a very significant economic factor (Puri, 2018, P.1-20). Puri M. discusses this depth in his paper. Tourism is a very key economic factor to the third world countries. Governments are very serious in the way they deal with tourism. Most of these developing countries have state Ministries which deal specifically with tourism. They develop policies which aid in development of the tourism industries (Weber, and Ladkin, 2003, p. 129). The policies are tailored in a way that they protect both the countries and tourist interests. This industry is very core to every developing country. Australia is very keen in developing this industry. ‘The countries take visitors as very important people in their economic growth and development (Nicholas 2015, p.205) in developing countries particularly those with many tourist sites, there is a fact that the majority of the local and international tourists acquire them as the most favored destinations’. This is because the visitors will gain more from this multiple sites within one country or a destination. This proves to be exciting and more economical to visitors for they can tour many sites within the same country without having to travel. Maximum benefit and the value of money are achieved by the visitors and may end up making such a country a place of their visitation in current holiday (Leiper, 2008, p. 241). They influence their friends in long run and the country benefits from receiving many visitors and good economic growth. Many tourists’ sites in a country give a country advantage over the other countries. However, visitors must consider several factors before making their final decision on where to visit or before choosing a particular country. This research is essential for its helpful to developing nations to appreciate factors that control tourist’s choices to make them chose a country for holiday. The study will be explicit and analytical to show what visitors are interested in touring a certain destination. Visitors will an objective always before choosing a country to visit.
- Hypothesis or research question
Environmental conditions, climate change, political stability, terrorism and society beliefs are the main factors that have an important impact on tourism in developing countries.
- Literature review
- Importance of the question being asked
This stated hypothesis is very important for both visitors and developing countries which receive them. It will show statistically the number of visitors and factors influencing them to visit a certain destination (Sharma, and Rao, 2018, p. 68 ‘the issues and strategies and reserved nature’) Countries will be able to understand what makes visitors make a certain decision.
Research Gap in the Tourism Industry in Developing Countries
The above tables show the most toured destinations by rank in 2016. There is a reason why France not as a developed country was able to be the most toured destination.
Australia as a representation of the developing countries comes to number 39 as from my study. A tour in any destinations has factors which influence such a tour (Puri, at el. 2018, p.1-20…the journal of Ecotourism). The data shows that tourists have a choice of the destination to visit. Statistics from the Debates in tourism a European Journal of tourism research also shows that the choices of tourist destinations are affected by seasons (Pirnar, 2013, p.98). The above information in very significant for the study
- Current status of the topic
Many types of research have been undertaken concerning factors influencing tourist destination by different researchers from all the parts of the world but the knowledge has not been sufficient (Atala, et al. 2018, p.1-18). This is from a handbook of climate change resilience research done this year. This has created room for more researches to be done over and over again (Crossman, et al. 2018). Lack of adequate information in this field has made developing countries not to achieve their goals in the tourism sector. Always there are factors to be discussed concerning a tourism trend in the tourism market. This has led to a lack of maximum benefit in the tourism industry in the developing countries. Tourists always mind about their lives before choosing any destinations. They consider their lives of much essence. Every influential factor is taken seriously by visitors because it means a lot in their lives. Always visitors chose a place where it’s safe and they will get maximum benefit and safety is assured (Davidovic, 2014, P.140). Most of these factors affect developing countries (Ige 2013, p. 88). Before visitors make important decisions on the place to tour they consider several factors will a key to their wellbeing. Some of the key factors are safety, political stability among others. Any safe country always attracts many customers at a time. The environmental scenario also is key for the country with many different sites will also have many visitors (Delgado-Moreira, 1997, P.1-24).Landscape and changes of nature affecting a locality are also very key when visitors are making decisions.
A research by (Rudi 2018 p.39-45), these factors may have a significant impact in the economic growth of rising countries in tourism because when severe issues such as terrorism and political instability in certain countries will make visitors not to visit such a nation, leading to a low number of visitors.(Grimwood, B.S., 2015, P.3-26). This will mean that less money will come into the country leading to the economic crisis. These factors are most assumed to affect international visitors which want to visit a particular country which is true to some extent. However, holidaymakers are also affected because before making a tour to a place within the country or outside the country will consider much what they will encounter and if it can be handled or it’s beyond their control. Any challenge is will affect humanity the same because of the prone to the same dangers. Terrorism will affect and international visitor the same way as it will affect natives.
Konstantin (2012, p.90-100) says that it is thought that most of the factors that have a great impact in tourism are determined much by developed countries because their superior economy will make them sensitive to the weather changes like pollution, and fear of terrorist attacks. Developing countries also face the same challenges because in attempts to make their economies they engage in environmentally destructive activities leading to pollution which may affect tourists.
Researches like in Australia have been done like in Canberra with had five objectives
- The perception of Canberra as short break destination
- The strengths and weakness of Canberra as a short destination
iii. The drivers of repeat short break market in Canberra
- Motivators which visitors consider to visit Canberra for a short break
- The competitive advantage Canberra holds relative to its competitors in the area of the short break.
This is a clear indication that many types of research are available in the field of tourism though they are narrow. The research has led and workshops done in Australia has led to the following;
- The relationship between the Literature and the problem statement
Konstantin 2012, p. 91 stresses that the image of developing countries in terms of tourists is determined by the safety of the destination by the visitor, the level of fun also determines the number of visitors a country will receive. Any tourist will like to spend money on the maximum benefit so he/she will opt for a destination that will give the value of his/her money maximally holding security matters constant.
Although every developing country wishes to receive the maximum number of visitors it can hold not only for economic growth only but also to enhance international relationships. However, this is not achieved due to many factors that influence tourists in visiting a particular destination. In order for developing countries to enjoy a high turnover of money as a result of tourism, they must take a keen interest on factor influencing visitor’s choice of a destination (Gentle, 2018, p.267-282).
- Summary
This study is essential particularly for developing countries that are keen on improving their tourism sector. The significant variable for thought, in this case, will be the factors influencing tourism such a political instability, terrorism, climatic change, changing environmental factors, cultural beliefs and many others. The study will rely on both secondary and primary data sources for sufficient information in order to make proper conclusions.
- Research question
Do factors like terrorism, political instability, climatic changes, environmental factors and landscapes affect the choice of destination by tourists?
III. Research Methodology
I will conduct my research through one on one interview. Interviews give an accurate feedback because they are conducted one on one. A person can give clear guidelines on how the questions will be answered. The individuals filling questionnaires will have adequate time to interact with the person collecting the information hence a trusted feedback. This is one of the most commonly used methods in most statistical fields. It is also most preferably for entering data from physicals forms is also easy (King, 1994). Interviews can be in the form of telephone or face to face. In most cases face to face interviews are preferred since they allow probing for more clear answers from the participant. In my case I will use the face to face interview technique so that I get clear answers to all the queries from the questionnaire. This will also allow all the participants to be available for the interview and ensure that they are focused on what I will be asking them. However, I will call them so that I confirm their availability.
Advantages
Quick feedback, trusted information is obtained due to one on one interactions and more and specific information can be obtained for the questions asked are to the target and clarity can be sought. However, there is a limitation that one cannot administer to many people.
Questionnaires will be the second method of collecting data. They are advantageous for they are flexible in administration. An individual is given enough time to fill the questionnaire. It has also well-structured questions which are easy to understand and answer (Denscombe, 2006, p.246). I will also create Google Survey form for the online users to get primary data. The choice of platform to get feedback is the tourist social media sites so that I can get adequate information for analysis. Since tourist is the most affected people they will be my participants for the proper conclusion for the study will help developing countries to improve their services. The questionnaires are easy and simple for the participants to answer on their own. The questionnaire is open-ended and self-administered to the respondents whether physically or electronically. To get sufficient information the respondents are allowed to stay with the questionnaire and take time before answering the questions. Interviews will be conducted one on one as mentioned above. The researcher will ask questions and get responses from the interviewee.
The third mode of data collection is by focused groups and workshops of which mainly will consist of tourists. The researcher will interview focused groups which an aim of getting sufficient data on tourism. This will form the primary data of the paper.
Secondary data will be from archives and past researches like one found in National visitor Survey of the Australian government.
Random sampling techniques will be used in identifying the people to be questioned or those to answer the questionnaire. Qualitative and quantitative data must be well sorted to come up with the best conclusions from the findings. Methods of data presentation will be tables and pie charts.
- Implications and limitations
This study can suffer from incorrect feedback from the respondents to the questionnaires. This can be due to morals, people can be dishonesty for their own reasons, and insufficient time to go through the questionnaire is also a challenge and can lead to incorrect feedback.
To stay away from these issues the researcher will notify them about the importance of the research and give them enough time to go through the questionnaire. Google forms must be correctly designed and carrying enough information to guide the person answering the questions. The number of respondents may not be enough to generalize or make the best drawings from the study. Analysis and findings of the study may not be perfect and 100% accurate.
Conclusion
From the analysis it can be concluded that tourism affects significantly the economy of Australia and Australia must work to improve tourism. Australia receives a varying number of visitors from time to time like just any other country with a tourism destination. The number of tourists arriving yearly affects the economic growth of Australia. Change in climatic conditions in different seasons affects the number of visitors visiting a country and Australia is not exclusive. The top visitors come from China, USA, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Singapore and Japan among others. Developing countries just like Australia receive these visitors which are important and bring money to the country. Money is very key to the Australian nation and is used for development of the country’s economy. Lack of adequate information in this field has made developing countries not to achieve their goals in the tourism sector. Always there are factors to be discussed concerning a tourism trend in the tourism market. This has led to a lack of maximum benefit in the tourism industry in the developing countries. Tourists always mind about their lives before choosing any destinations. They consider their lives of much essence. Every influential factor is taken seriously by visitors because it means a lot in their lives. Always visitors chose a place where it’s safe and they will get maximum benefit and safety is assured.
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