Biological Basis
People have been modifying the genomes of plants along with animals for many years using traditional rearing techniques; this is a simulated willpower that life forms where it demonstrates specific attributes interbreed. During the recent years, changes in the area of genetic modification have considered to precisely manage the genetic modifications to develop new breeds. The growth of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology, the metabolic potentials of microorganisms are harnessed and explored in many ways. The genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) can be alternative solutions for wild strains that degrade contaminants gradually or not at all. Genetic engineering provides an excellent prospect for the utilization of natural ability of bacteria in the development of GMMs (Bathe, Schwarzenbeck & Hausner, 2009).
With the advancement of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology, the metabolic prospectives of microorganisms are being explored, as well as harnessed in diverse novel ways. Nowadays, GMMs have found use in human health, bioremediation, as well as agriculture in addition to industries dealing with foods, paper, along with textiles. Genetic engineering provides many benefits as compared to the conventional techniques of enhancing molecular diversity, as well a chemical selectivity. Genetic engineering is the latest technology that permits to develop microorganisms that are able to degrade specific contaminants. GMMs provide the prospect to fashion artificial combination of different genes, which do not exist together in nature. Thus, the most often utilized comprise engineering with single genes or operons, pathway construction along with the modifications of sequences of current genes. The primary stage in GMM development is the selection of appropriate genes that will be needed. Subsequently, the DNA fragment that will be used in cloning is inserted into a vector plus introduced into the cells of the host animal. The modified bacteria are referred to as recombinant cells. Thus, the next stage is generation of different gene copies in addition to the selection of the cells that have recombinant DNA. The last stage comprises screening for the clones of the desired DNA inserts, as well as the biological properties. The most broadly employed method for gene transfer is transformation.
Genes are defined as coded instructions, which ascertain what an organism look like and the way it functions (Luo, Liu, Li, Xuan & Ma, 2006). The gene is comprised of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is found in almost all cells in organisms. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long, thread-like molecule, which has the blueprint for a specific organism. Therefore, GMOs are the source of genetically modified foods and are too widely utilized in scientific researches and to formation of goods apart from foods. GMMs can be similarly alluded to as transgenic due to the process that is being used that entails the exchange of genes that begins from one life form then transferred to the next (Dai & Copley, 2004). Transferring genes beginning from one organism to the next is designed to enhance that organic entity. In addition, the genetic modification is performed in research institutions through removing the craved genes from the specific animal or plant and latter embedding the genes into other life form (Blackmore, 2018).
Social and Ethical Implications
There are many types of genetic modifications that are used for different types of brushing along with the extraction of the genetic information from organisms. Biotechnology is a concept that is used when alluding to life forms along with sections to make living things. DNA innovation particles are recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) atoms framed through research center approaches towards genetic recombination (for instance, atomic cloning) to join genetic substance from diverse sources, making arrangements, which could not be generally found in organic living beings, which is used when alluding real changing the life form to make another new organism. Thus, some life forms, which are made via this innovation, are foods, immunizations, feeds for animals and cure to diseases. The superior use for genetic modification is for crops. The genetic modification of crops are better utilized to assist the crops to create own pesticides in addition to creepy crawly repellant. The actual crops, which are genetically modified, include hay, canola, corn and cotton. Diverse foods have been genetically engineered to be disease safe, increase vitamins, for instance, iron. The bananas are presently tried to produce antibodies in beings to assist against diseases; for example, Hepatitis B (Watson & Preedy, 2016).
In spite of the manner that genes are being exchanged to try and make advancements as some individuals may believe and some people believe generally these developing subject has some huge new in the media regarding the do’s and don’ts of genetically modification. Some people accept that messing around nature is inherently incorrect, and some people maintain that modifying plant genes in animals or other way round is unethically and shameful (Moseley, 2017). In genetically modified foods, people who feel strongly that the modification of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) is working against nature or religious elements have advocated for clear naming standards towards making informed decisions when selecting the things to purchase. In regard to client decisions and anticipated risk is as important as having protections to circumvent mixing genetically modified foods with non-genetically modified foods (Das &B Adholeya, 2012). In order to focus the requirements of such protections and patents, there should be a total evaluation of what constitutes genetically modified organisms and all inclusive concession to the way these foods should be marked. Some people contend that modifying animals and plants through gene expression is “demonstrations of god” that implies messing with the original creation. In addition, some people agree that in modifying the genes towards improving the nature by helping rediscover many types of cures for diseases, antibodies and others as expressed previously. Researchers perform the modification in order to improve life towards ensuring that there are some solutions to assist human beings live better, for instance, developing new cures to treat some chronic diseases (Kapley & Purohit, 2009).
Personal Viewpoint
My personal view regarding genetically modified organisms is that it the right thing towards improving life among human beings. I believe that modifying crops and animals is the right towards improving the existing varieties of animals and crops. I am remarkably open to the decisions of testing animals and crops, as well as taking DNA of crops and animals to assist discover cures for animals and crops and infections (Nading, 2015). I also feel that blending of DNAs to make another form of life or modify is additionally correct in my own way in the eventually that the result of the modification of the organism is superior from and better changes, then I support the modification. In terms of cloning of individuals, I am against the cloning immature microorganism because it will be like messing with what God created originally. Therefore, modifying genes in animals and plants is the way to go in the future because GMMs have proved to be superior that the original organisms because they are more resistant and can endure many conditions. Therefore, I tend to believe that in crops and animals that exist in tones have many advantages that considering that the modifications of the animals and crops will wipe out all these organisms. In my experience, I have seen the many genetically modified foods, such as crops like corn that has greater yield and resistant to diseases (Liu, Zhang, Chen & Sun, 2011). This experience makes me believe that GMMs are better way of improving the existing crops and animals to gene modification because they have many advantages. Therefore, in my view, researchers should continue to carry out gene modification to change life forms for the better.
References
Bathe S., Schwarzenbeck N. & Hausner M.(2009). Bioaugmentation of activated sludge towards 3-chloroaniline removal with a mixed bacterial population carrying a degradative plasmid. Bioresour. Technol. 100 (12), 2902-2909
Blackmore, S. (2018). Decoding The Puzzle Of Human Consciousness: The Hardest Problem. Scientific American, 319(3), 48-53.
Dai M, & Copley SD. (2004). Genome shuf ? ing improves degradation of the anthropogenic `pesticide pentachlo-rophenol by Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723. Appl Environ Microbiol. 70 (4):2391–2397.
Das M, &B Adholeya A. (2012). Role of microorganisms in remediation of contaminated soil. Microorg Environ Manag. 5(1): 81–112.
Kapley A & Purohit HJ. (2009). Genomic tools in bioreme-diation. Indian J Microbiol. 49 (2):108–113.
Liu S, Zhang F, Chen J, & Sun GX. (2011). Arsenic removal from contaminated soil via biovolatilization by geneti-cally engineered bacteria under laboratory conditions. J Environ Sci. 23(9):1544–1550
Luo F, Liu Y, Li X, Xuan Z, & Ma J (2006). Biosorption of lead ion by chemically-modi?ed biomass of marine brown algae Laminaria japonica . Chemosphere 64 (1):1122–1127.
Moseley, W. G. (2017). A Risky Solution for the Wrong Problem: Why GMOs won’t Feed the Hungry of the World. Geographical Review, 107(4), 578-583.
Nading, A. M. (2015). The lively ethics of global health GMOs: The case of the Oxitec mosquito. Biosocieties, 10(1), 24-47.
Watson, R. R., & Preedy, V. R. (2016). Genetically modified organisms in food: Production, safety, regulation and public health. Amsterdam, [The Netherlands] : Elsevier/Academic Press.
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