Importance of Green Engineering solutions for the environment
Taking a critical review of the way the world used to operate in the 18th century and comparing with today’s era, there has been a substantial change in the way things are done today. The evolutional change has come with both advantages and consequences. In reference to the prevailing situation of the world, there has been a considerably high level of environmental degradation as a result of the new inventions especially in the engineering field, and construction in particular. The building of concrete structures such as bridges, arcades, roads, malls, and industries among others have typically affected the natural environment and climate in general (Ahmed Ahmad Swami and Ikram 2016, p.20).
Green Engineering calls for embracing of ideas and methods that will play a significant role pushing for full responsibility of the environment (Gregory et al, 2012). Apart from that, the resources that are to be put to use have to embrace high levels of being efficient through the life that will be displayed by the building. Different phases of construction should embrace green engineering. Some of the phases being the planning, construction, and design. Apart from that, the maintenance, renovation process and demolition if needed have to display excellence in promoting green engineering. Different practices have to be simulated through the common working in the industry. The councils from the different nations play an important role in facilitating such a form of working.
Human beings are the major constituents of the earth. Most of the activities revolve around making their life better. Construction generally results in making their life comfortable or rather lead to a depreciation in the health. However, green building has the full ability to ensure that the living of human beings remains to be healthy (Kibert, 2016). The materials to be used in facilitating the construction plays a substantial role in stating the type of construction being experienced citing the different. They will primarily influence the exploitation methods of the earth resources. After the building coming to completion, the remaining materials will always be managed in different ways. The recommended disposal method is of much importance in determining the type of construction that has been embraced. Through the essay, there will be the analysing the different construction materials and making the best recommendations that will offer a lasting solution to the construction menace.
The state of the future generation will be a consequence of our present living (Zinn, 2015). Each person has the desire to see their families embracing a comfortable living. The comfort living will come as a result of proper guidance and offering of better working condition to achieve the life goals regarding comfort living. Green building ensures that their health remains to be stable through their operation. Apart from that, the environment will be conducive for better service. Building styles are transferred from one generation to another (Taranath, 2016). The result will be that the culture will be embraced through their living. Hence, the level of implementation pressure to be set on green engineering solutions has to be high. The guiding target should always be to ensure that there is a significant reduction in the rates at which the environment is being affected citing the construction and engineering related activities.
Phases of Construction that can embrace Green Engineering
Life in the ancient society was comfortable, and many enjoyed the conditions being offered by the natural environment. Many embraced the traditional lifestyles that mainly revolved around the use of conventional tools and styles in facilitating the comfortable living of individuals. The innovation levels at that particular times were low. Technology use was low hence, low exploitation of natural resources. However, increased research proved to be of much benefit in the society apart from harbouring some disadvantages within it. The construction activities embraced the abundant use of technology, and the level of exploitation of natural resources rose to a higher level. For the last two centuries, the world has faced a significant level of depreciation and degradation in the natural environment (Pearce, Markandya and Barbier, 2013). The deterioration has significantly been linked to the construction industry. Due to this, considerable efforts are being directed towards how the impact of the construction industry in the environment can be reduced (El-Halwagi 2017, p.78).
Successful working calls for understanding developing among the different stakeholders handling the activity. Recognition will push for cooperation in working. Collaboration has a close relation with having a similar vision of working (Björgvinsson, Ehn and Hillgren, 2010, p. 45). The construction industry involves different personnel working together to achieve a structure that will be impressive in the society and be of much importance in making lives comfortable. Some of the skilled staff include the architecture, the engineers, the designers, the construction managers, and the health officers. Having a federal purpose will push for them to develop cooperation in working. Coming up with green engineering is the main focus of the current generation in making the society a better place. Each has to, therefore, arm themselves with the activities from the different fields that will push for such a goal to be achieved. Discipline in working has been a significant problem in the current construction industry. Selfish ambitions guide many. Individuals will end up ignoring some of the substantial safety measures that will push for green engineering not being realized in the society. Strategies have to be set that will ensure nobody is at their comfort zones but rather stand out working to make green engineering a reality.
Green Engineering calls for different activities to be handled before a structure is brought up having zero impact to the living of individuals in the society. The standard processes of constructing a building include the designing, carrying out of the construction, the operation of different activities and maintaining the structure to be of the needed standard. Maximum attention has to be directed to each process as a way of seeing to it that Green Engineering is achieved at the end of the day. However, there is a problem where Engineers fail to direct the needed attention to the working. Different rating systems have been set as a guide to the working of engineers (Brooke, 2013, p. 30). However, enforcing such rates in the society has become a significant problem. The result is that despite the stress that may be directed to achieving green engineering, the full effect has not been realized for an extended period.
Green Engineering material recommendations for sustainable construction
The primary fundamental purpose of the research study is to conduct a critical examination, evaluation, and analysis to determine the extent to which Australia has adopted the use of green engineering solutions in comparison to the United States. Research studies have indicated that both the United States and the Australian government are making use of green engineering solutions (Watson, Boudreau and Chen, 2010, p. 35). However, it is imperatively right that the extent to which the two states are adopting the strategies has a considerable variation leading to a difference in performance (Ahmed Ahmad Swami and Ikram 2016, p.20).
Cooperation among the different stakeholders in a construction site is one of the solutions to achieving green engineering in the society (Sayer et al, 2013, p. 8350). There is a need for a clear organization to be seen in the working of contractors, engineers, and architects. Through the paper, there will be a close analysis on how the United States has worked to see that such cooperation has been achieved to see that Green Engineering becomes a reality. A comparison of the same will be done with the collaboration of the different stakeholders in Australia.
A rating system is a vital section in the construction industry in enforcing Green Engineering (Lieder and Rashid, 2016, p. 45). However, different nations will embrace different rating systems depending with the infrastructure in use that has excellent correlation with the economy. A study is to be done on the rating systems that have been embraced in the United Sates in comparison with those in Australia. Apart from that, there is a significant variation in the strategies that the different institutions have used in ensuring that such rating systems are enforced in the society. The strategies have had varying results depending on the working that was observed. There will be a study of the approach that the institutions in the United States did employ in ensuring that Green Engineering is achieved. The same will be compared with the strategies that have been embraced by the institutions in Australia. An analysis of the same will be done and a possible recommendation made that will ensure that the purpose of making Engineering green is achieved at the end of the day.
The system of working greatly varies depending on the vision that each person will have while carrying out the construction process (Gubbi et al, 2013, p.1650). Green Engineering encourages that each person should have a vision of achieving sustainability. Hence, different nations will have different systems that have been recommended by the government. The United States emphasizes on specific systems, a case that is also seen in Australia. However, despite the emphasis being done every other day, there has been a significant variation in the result being realized. The paper will pay much attention in carrying a comparison of the systems that were used in the United States and the systems that were embraced in Australia.
Collaboration and Cooperation among stakeholders for Green Engineering
Green Engineering has a close relation with Natural Building whose achievement is realised with the kind of materials that are used in achieving a construction. The materials in use in the different nations will have a significant variation depending on the weather and the ancient culture. Some materials have contributed significantly to making Green Engineering a reality compared to others. The construction materials are used in the United States while others are being used in Australia. However, regardless of the knowledge of the best construction materials, there has been a difference in the achievement seen in Green Engineering. The study will carry out an analysis of the materials that are being used and how they have impacted the process of achieving Green Engineering.
Basing on the fact that the reliability and dependability of research results solely rely on the effectiveness of the research methodology adopted by the researcher, the study had to make use of a mixed research methodology. This implies that the study will make use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods (Anney, 2014).
The research study had to engage in primarily reviewing peer-reviewed journals, relevant media articles, academic textbooks, and respective government report concerning the extent to which the different states are adopting the green engineering solutions (Yarmush et al. 2014, p.320). Making use of the secondary methods led to several advantages and disadvantages being experienced.
The research was generally economical. Primary research methods call for lots of efforts as one has to walk physically from one place to another. However, with secondary research methods, the energy to be used in walking from one place to another was significantly cut. Apart from that, the expenses were highly reduced. The transport costs were eliminated. The prices of the meals were also reduced, and the workforce needed to help in research by making use of the primary methods was also eliminated. The result was the process became easy such that more data was gathered for less cost.
Time used in carrying out the research was also in great favour of the embraced methods. Little time was needed, and the whole report was gathered for analysis. The sourcing of the different books and journals called for less time to be used. Apart from that, reading of the materials could be done at any time and place. Hence, speedy research was achieved at the end of the day. The study mainly focused on solving specific problems that have been experienced in ensuring in making Green Engineering becomes a reality. Before developing a solution, there was a need for adequately understanding the problem. The research methods were of much importance in facilitating the understanding of such problems. The issues were properly elaborated by certain sites on the internet in addition to the books and journals. The authors made use of case studies to make it easy to seek an appropriate solution regarding the problem correctly (Ahlemann, 2013, p. 210).
Comparison of Green Engineering practices in the United States and Australia
Despite the ease that was experienced in carrying out the research, there were too lots of disadvantages that came with the whole process of carrying out the research. The vast data that was being sought did fit in particular construction factors. Some books offered information on how green engineering could be achieved at the design stage of construction. During such cases attaining information regarding the different stages, for example, maintenance was a significant challenge. One had to seek a significant range of books to achieve such a function.
The data to be collected had to be used for making the society a better place for the living of individuals. Hence, working to achieve high levels of accuracy was needed. However, with the use of secondary data, the accuracy could not be told. The main reason being that there were no methods to be used in proving that the information was correct. Some of the journals were written several years ago, and there is a possibility that a change has occurred since then. The data can, therefore, be termed as being outdated. Making use of the data to attain a solution to the present day may a lead to one missing on the targeted mark (Parzefall and Coyle-Shapiro, 2011, p. 25).
During the research study, several ethical issues were considered to ensure the investigation is in line with the established codes of conduct for research. The ethics played an essential role in providing that the data attained was used in achieving the objectives of the research (Zhu et al. 2015, p.138).
Different obligations have to be met in research as a way of achieving the different ethical standards. Ethics dictates that the results have to be free from common misleading results (Fellows and Liu, 2015). The rule will ensure that the established order in the society is not interfered with at any time. Hence, planning was to be done before the beginning of the research process. The plan was too of much importance as it played a significant role in eliminating any doubts that were contained through the research process. Consultations were done with different parties that helped in offering elaboration regarding certain doubts that were experienced through the research. The peer reviews were in some occasions used in place of consultations. Achieving excellent results through the investigation called for different participants.
Ethics called for planning before the beginning of the research to ensure that at no point will the dignity of the participants experience any degree of interference (Tuckman and Harper, 2012). The welfare of the participants was also to be protected through the research. Planning played a substantial role in ensuring that such a function was achieved. The results of any research study will be received differently by many. There are cases when the results have adverse effects on the participants of the research. Avoiding such occasions calls for proper planning to ensure that appropriate measures are set in providing that the adverse effects are properly handled.
Importance of rating systems in enforcing Green Engineering
The research involved making use of psychologists and their assistants. Such personnel played an essential role in ensuring there is full protection of any participant in the research. Before, the beginning of the study, there was a need to carry out a proper evaluation of the psychologists ensuring that they are up for the task. The conduct of all the psychologists was properly evaluated. Each of them was expected to conduct themselves ethically. Apart from that, through their working, they are to interact with the participants in different ways. Hence, the ways they will treat the various participants will too be closely observed as a way of ensuring that they treat each person ethically while working (Hesse-Biber, and Leavy, 2010).
Specialisation was also to be observed keenly as required by the ethical act. The different psychologists and their assistants have specialized in handling different roles in the society. Before, the research was done, the assigning of roles was done targeting to see that each person handles a task that they are properly trained in exercising.
Laws are set to govern the working of citizens to ensure that order is established through the working process (Sullivan and Skelcher, 2017). There was a need to understand all laws regarding research activities. Proper studies of such laws were to ensure that compliance with the rules and regulations was achieved through the research process.
There was a need for achieving extensive research and presenting accurate results. Through the research process, falsification of data was highly eliminated. There are cases when errors were made through the research process. A correction was done at all times to ensure that the levels of accuracy to be attained was high. Presentation of other individual’s data was observed through the research process, and it was to be highly avoided. Use of citations was also embraced through the whole activity. It ensured that credit was given for the work to the different individuals who played a significant role in offering information that helped in facilitating the analysis (Rost, 2011, p. 600).
There has been a gradual growth in the workforce needed in facilitating the construction of structures; such a trend is highly associated with the growth that has been experienced in the construction industry. According to the data sourced from the United States Green Building Council, the green construction industry is estimated to support approximately 1 million workers (Eichholtz, Kok & Quigley, 2010, p. 2500). The figures were assessed between the years 2000 and 2008. As a way of ensuring proper planning, there was a need to carry out future predictions of the next estimated figure that will help in facilitating the construction activities. It is estimated that the number will rise to approximately 3.3 million by the year 2009 and 2013. Despite the figure being low compared to general construction workforce, the growth of the green construction workforce is considerable.
Comparison of rating systems in the United States and Australia
Figure 1: Global Green Building Materials
The case is different from Australia. Much focus has been directed toward increasing the general construction workforce that in most occasions do not cooperate with the green construction guidelines. Apart from that, the green construction material suppliers are too low. As a result, there is no cooperation between the different stakeholders in the construction industry. The rates of Green Engineering growth are therefore low. The result is that establishing a smooth collaboration in Australia has become a significant problem.
There was a need for making use of a set of rating systems that played a significant role in ensuring that all participants in the construction industry get to meet certain construction standards of carrying out construction (Sekaran and Bougie, 2016). The leadership in Energy and Environmental Design was primarily used in the United States (Kennedy, Pincetl and Bunje, 2011, p. 1970). There was a need for all buildings to comply with the set of environmental laws and the regulations. The owner is to share data regarding water use in the building five years after it has been occupied.
Figure 2: Lead 2009 performance credit system
The case was also experienced in Australia with Green Star (Zuo and Zhao, 2014, p. 277). However, despite the set strategies, most buildings did not cooperate with complying with most rules. Apart from that, there was no offering of accurate data. Dealing with such a situation will call for the Australian institutions to pay much focus on the market implications apart from the data offered by the particular structural. The practice will be of much importance in telling if the provided data was accurate.
Figure 3: Rating systems by making use of Market Transformation
The United States makes use of efficient building systems that ensure high levels of energy efficiency (Buyya, Beloglazov and Abawajy, 2010). The systems provide that the greenhouse gases are fully eliminated. In addition to that, the outdoor air quality is highly improved. Australia has too applied such systems. However, the efficiency of the systems is still low. There is a need for making use of the demand side management that will foster the essence of a cleaner energy portfolio. The result is that the working systems will rise to be efficient.
Use of natural materials is known to push for the achieving of Green Engineering. In the previous days, the United States depended on two significant resources to facilitate the construction process. That was Steel and Concrete. However, following early analysis of its effects on the environment, there was a need to find an alternative material to facilitate the construction process hence, promoting the Green Engineering. Australia is currently primarily using the Steel and Concrete facilitating the construction process despite its associated effects. There is a need for making use of alternative materials that, may be considered natural or instead having a low environmental impact, for example, the use of paper in facilitating the construction process. The result will be Green Engineering will be achieved in the major parts of the nation.
The system of working in Green Engineering and Sustainable Construction
Conclusion
Concrete structures have had much impact on the living of individuals in the society. The materials used in facilitating the construction of such structures have had a significant effect on the life of individuals. Hence, there is a need for the handling of such materials to be done with utmost discipline. Therefore, cooperation has to be realised among the different stakeholders. In pushing for Green Engineering, there will be a need for cooperation to be set between individuals dealing with general construction and those handling Green Engineering Construction. There will too be a need to increase the suppliers of the Green Engineering materials. The market implications have to be used in telling whether the different structure owners are filing the appropriate data to the various institutions in the society. The Building systems to be used are to be efficient. The Demand side management should be of much help in facilitating such a function. The strive to make use of natural materials in construction should not come to an end at any time. Trials have to be made on the different materials until Green Engineering is fully realised in the society.
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