Compromised access to healthcare puts poor people at greater risk of infectious diseases
Theme 1: Poor Health
Millions of people around the world suffer from poor health conditions owing to severe and acute poverty. Poverty deprives families from the availability of hygienic living conditions and as an outcome, about 14 million individuals around the glove are infected by infectious diseases every year and more than 70% of them loses their lives as an outcome (Molnar et al. 2015). The most common sources are contaminated water, the lack of sanitation and poverty plays the most tricky part when owing to having a family income level below poverty level, the patients cannot get proper healthcare and embraces death. One such infamous disease also popular as the disease of the poor man is Malaria. There is lack of awareness and also paucity of proper medicinal facility in the areas where people with low disposable income reside in clingy houses without proper sewage and sanitation facilities. Such places then become the breeding ground of mosquito larvae.
The area that is mostly poverty stricken and affected largely by the malaria disease is Sub-Saharan Africa desert. Similarly diseases like HIV/AIDS also spread owing to acute poverty where people do not have the money to buy contraceptive protective aids (McLeod et al. 2017). Again, the treatment and cure to this disease is an affair of affluence. As an outcome, most poor people infected with AIDS have no other option, rather than accepting death. In poor countries like Zambia, Zimbabwe and so on, 1 among every five people die out of HIV/AIDS and main reason behind death is the financial incapability to afford treatment of the disease.
Poverty is directly associated with poor performance in academics. It have been experienced that individual children who have been exposed to extreme conditions of poverty have shown traits of retarded cognitive development, inconvenience of speech and often developed traits of aggressive and/or adverse behaviour. Example of the country Niger can be cited. As Yi and Yeo (2017), states, owing to acute poverty only 15 percent adults in that country are educated. The condition of Eritrea is similar with every average person receiving only 4 years of schooling in their lives. Individuals who could have grown up and educated themselves are forced at a tender age in these countries to leave work and join work at paltry wages to support their families.
The reason for leaving school can be different also. Efendi et al. (2017), opines that often the distance if school is quite high for covering by foot. The individuals are often so pitted to poverty that they do not have the means to afford their children with the money to avail public transport to school. In contrast, Krashen (2016), opines that often in the poverty stricken schools, provision of higher education becomes a difficult affair. The schools lacks educational resources required to convey education, or very nominal wage often makes the teachers disillusioned from their work. Then again, joblessness is an obvious consequence or illiteracy and lack of education. As an outcome, the average economic condition of the people do not develop with time.
Lack of education and low-income levels contribute to poverty among ethnic minorities
Impact of Ethnicity on poverty
In this report the ethnic differences in Great Britain and their impacts on income disparity are highlighted, thus showing how poverty is related ethnicity. The case of income poverty in the country can be highlighted. The Bangladeshis around 60%, more than 405 of Pakistanis and Black Africans mostly are the most poised victims of income poverty in Great Britain (Ford & Grace, 2017). However the same kind of poverty is not more than 10 to 15% for the ethnic groups like white British, Indian originals as well as the Black Caribbean (Ullucci & Howard, 2015). Again, based on locations, ethnic groups are given priority. In the posh areas of Great Britain, the groups of ethnic minority have to work at extreme levels to achieve the level of living wage. In inner London, Midlands as well as the English North, the ethnic minority people are still rejected from work and corned because of their minority origin (Farkas, 2017). However, it is spectacular that the rate of income poverty is same all around Great Britain for the white English.
For the ethnic groups pertaining to Bangladeshi origin, the work status of the family are given topmost priority. In case of Pakistanis, the story is quite similar. The reason is that a large percentage of the Bangladeshis are not in to work, emphatically the women. For the case of the Caribbean, the descent of the family is all that matters and people with low and un-respected family backgrounds have to face unnecessary complications for getting job and as such they are deprived from economic progress.
Old age poverty is a conventional problem in America. The provision of social security in America is delayed and people are actually rewarded if they claim their old age security after the age of 70. The problem of low wage work is very usual in America. That is why the Americans tend to work even after 65 years so that they gain a greater percentage of old age pension after the age of 70. As Paschall, Gershoff and Kuhfeld (2018), observes, it have been witnessed in a survey that the educated Americans actually favour this. They tend to show a greater passion for working till old age. However, the wage rate that should have been achieved by the Americans by that age is not being achieved by more than 70% of the Americans (Short, 2018). However, the less educated Americans show the propensity to retire early. This shows that compared to wage level, the rate of exhaustion that the Americans have to face in workplace is much greater. In a developed country like America, it is an established act that apparent poverty would not exist. However, low wage rate and inability to fulfil the expectations of the family often leads to social expulsion in the country. This is compounded by the retreat and the psychological torture that the old aged people have to face in America if their disposable income is less. As an outcome, of low income they are deprived of family and other socialisations. (Kumar (2014), states that this is the reason why many of the old age people tends to work for longer tenure. The wage rate that they have achieved after working for 35 to 40 years, is not satisfactory and even comparable to the industrial standards. The inherent labour force in America is forced to work at a much lower rate than the outsourced workers from Asian or Oceania or African origin. As an outcome, the wage rate that the people generally receive is much less. Besides, in America, productivity is supposed to falter with age. This is why old age poverty is a deplorable state of life in America.
Old-age poverty is a common problem in America due to low-wage work and delayed social security provision
Vanetta had adopted to unfair means to mitigate her poverty. She was facing from acute shortage of money that led her to take up that step. The step that she had taken is definitely unethical and her eviction and firing from job is completely ethical if the socioeconomic perspective is kept aside. There are other Milwaukeeans also, who are struggling the same situation. Not all of them have resorted to the same position (Keet et al. 2015). Actually it is a fact that the Milwaukeeans have been adjusted to by-standardised living since their advent. They have lived in attics, rooms without windows, in cellars and also in cattle sheds. As an outcome, they have also been deprived from social benefits. Accustomed with such a living style, the actions of Vanetta seems quite rebellious and unlawful.
However, if the same scenario is analysed from a socioeconomic perception. Then the deplorable condition of the poverty stricken people like Vanetta in this city becomes evident. The racial discrimination and ethnicity based income disparity that is practiced here is evident through the case of Vanetta. The Milwaukeeans have never gained a respectable place in the city. They have been extorted and race based housing discrimination is a hard reality that people like Vanetta have been facing since long. Racial discrimination have been so prominent that the places and slums where these people used to inhabit have been deprived of basic municipal services like establishment of local wells, sanitary services and so on. At one stage, these people were so poor that they were not able to pay their room rent and the law gave the landlords the rights to sell off their property to extract the rent. As obvious outcome of this terrible condition have been the large death rate of the Milwaukeeans in the 1930s (Desmond, 2016). More than 60% of the Milwaukeeans died in the city (Desmond, 2016). The state policies were also against them. It had deprived the blacks like Milwaukeeans from any rights of house-ownership. As an outcome, if they had to survive in this city they had to rely on rented houses. On top of that the house owners were oppressive and exploited them which made them more poor. This is why, Vanetta had attempted something extreme to break off this extreme poverty and the act of robbing was her display of revenge against this age old poverty and negligence towards people of her race and ethnicity.
References
Desmond, M. (2016). Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City. PenGuin Random House: Broadway. Retrieved on 24th October 2018. Retrieved from https://evictedbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/EVICTED.DESMOND.978-0-553-44745-3.InstructG_PG.16pgs.FINAL_.NO_CROPS.pdf
Efendi, A., Nababan, Y., Sari, K. N., Indriani, R., & Hodge, G. (2017). The Impact of Health and Education on Poverty Reduction: A Causal Analysis. The Third Research Dive on Statistics for Sustainable Development Goals, 8.
Farkas, G. (2017). Human capital or cultural capital?: Ethnicity and poverty groups in an urban school district. Routledge.
Ford, O. D., & Grace, R. (2017). The Impact of Poverty on Student Outcomes. The Alabama Journal of Educational Leadership, 15.
Keet, C. A., McCormack, M. C., Pollack, C. E., Peng, R. D., McGowan, E., & Matsui, E. C. (2015). Neighborhood poverty, urban residence, race/ethnicity, and asthma: rethinking the inner-city asthma epidemic. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 135(3), 655-662.
Krashen, S. (2016). The purpose of education, free voluntary reading, and dealing with the impact of poverty. School Libraries Worldwide, 22(1), 1.
Kumar, A. (2014). Access to basic amenities: Aspects of caste, ethnicity and poverty in rural and urban India—1993 to 2008–2009. Journal of Land and Rural Studies, 2(1), 127-148.
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Paschall, K. W., Gershoff, E. T., & Kuhfeld, M. (2018). A Two Decade Examination of Historical Race/Ethnicity Disparities in Academic Achievement by Poverty Status. Journal of youth and adolescence, 47(6), 1164-1177.
Short Jr, J. F. (2018). Poverty, ethnicity, and violent crime. Routledge.
Ullucci, K., & Howard, T. (2015). Pathologizing the poor: Implications for preparing teachers to work in high-poverty schools. Urban Education, 50(2), 170-193.
Yi, E., & Yeo, Y. H. (2017). The Impact of Poverty on Health-related Quality of Life among Elderly Women: Based on Moderating Effect of Local Elderly Welfare Facilities. International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information, 20(3A), 1553-1562.
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