IGCSE Geography – Rivers: Water quality
Reasons for differences in water quality. Sources of pollution (sewage, industrial waste, agriculture). Managing the supply of clean water (dams and reservoirs; pipelines; treatment works).
Sources of pollution
- Agriculture
- Farm silage and slurry from farm animals
- Fertilizers/ pesticides
- Industry
- For cooling machineries and returning it to source at high temperature
- Oil spillages
- Toxic substances
- Domestic purposes
- Discharge of untreated sewage
- Using river for watching/ bathing
- Emptying chlorinated water from pools
Managing supply of clean water
- Collection: wells, lakes, rivers, reservoir
- Treatment: aim to the raw water so it can be consumed by people.
Substances removed are used for other purposes like producing fertilizers.
- Chlorination, aerating, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection
- Delivery
- In most countries, water is delivered to houses and factories through pipes. However, in some countries, water is obtained from wells.
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