Research Approach
Discuss about the Impact Of Artificial Intelligence In Employment.
The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the research design of the research paper that deals with the evaluation of the impact of artificial intelligence in employment and work force. It becomes very essential to evaluate whether artificial intelligence will be replacing the jobs in future and the industries that will be largely affected by this replacement. This research study has been undertaken in order to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on loss of jobs and huge unemployment. This paper focuses on the research design that will be undertaken in order to complete the research study. Although the use of artificial intelligence is increasing in the recent years, there are certain notable concerns that are associated with the impact of artificial intelligence, which includes its impact in the workforce and the unemployment. With the social economic systems entering into a phase of accelerating transformation, the markets, businesses, education, government and the social welfare will be severely impacted by the use of artificial intelligence (Manyika 2017). There is a significant risk of job loss associated with the use of artificial intelligence. The artificial intelligence easily automates the tasks which are monotonous, which in turn increases the use of the same. However, the use of artificial intelligence can gradually make the certain roles obsolete. Example of certain job automation by making use of artificial intelligence is customer care or call center automation, document classification, content moderation and so on. The automation of all these jobs by the use of artificial intelligence considerably reduces the use or need of human labor thus risking the jobs and causing a huge unemployment in future. The research has been undertaken in order to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on workforce and this paper analyzes the research design that is to be undertaken by the researcher in order to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence in the workforce. Research design can be defined a collection of different tools, processes and techniques that are used for gathering the information that will be required for conducting the research work. This paper not only considers the tools and technologies that will be required for conducting the research, but also considers the theories and the concepts that are required to understand the methods that are adopted in order to perform the research study. This paper provides a detailed insight to the several method and concepts that will be required for performing the research work.
Selection of the Research Approach
According to Alvesson and Sandberg (2013), there are three main research approaches that help in conducting the scientific research studies. These are deductive, abductive and inductive research approach.
The deductive research approach is mainly used in the cases where the hypothesis of the research has been set and primary objective of a research either proves or disapproves the same (Stowers and Brown 2013). There are certain steps that are followed in conducting a research in a deductive approach, which include, considering the concept and the theories that are aligned with the domain of the research, development of hypothesis and conducting the tests and observations for arriving at a particular conclusion about the research study.
Inductive research on the other hand is appropriately used in the research studies that do not consider any hypothesis (Chandra and Sharma 2013). The particular research approach is suitable for the research works that aims at finding a solution based on a set of research questions and is based on the objective of the research. There are certain steps that are incorporated with the use of inductive research approach, which includes consideration of the theories and concepts associated with a particular research domain, conducting the observation or tests for collection of information, proper identification of the patterns with a gathered data and formulation of new theories.
The abductive research approach on the other hand focuses on finding solution with the sets of incomplete test and different astonishing facts that are used to reveal the identity aligned with a problem. This approach is mainly used for exhibiting any certainties amid the examination contemplate.
The selection of a proper research approach is an important task as the success of a research largely depends on it. The research approach is chosen according to the need of the research study. The main aim of this research work is to identify the impact of the artificial intelligence on workforce. The topic is not complex or puzzling and therefore there is no need of using abductive approach. The topic is simple and does not require the need of development of any new theories and therefore inductive approach will not be used for this research study. Therefore, for conducting the research study, deductive approach of the research will be used. This approach indicates that the data and information examination process is better and this research approach utilizes the data speculations in the examination (Al 2013). The researcher has chosen deductive approach for directing the research that deals with analyzing the impact of artificial intelligence in workforce. In this paper, no new ideas or speculations wills be proposed and therefore the use of both abductive and the inductive approaches are disposed off (Myers, Well and Lorch Jr 2013). The use of deductive approach will furthermore, help the researcher in utilizing the available and past ideas in directing a research study.
Research Design
Research design is a plan through which the researcher finds solution to the identified research questions associated with the research study (Klassen et al. 2012). The use and utilization of proper process of research configuration helps in uncovering the information needs of a particular research study. There are mainly three types of research studies, which are Explanatory, Exploratory and Descriptive (Leedy and Ormrod 2013). The aim of exploratory research design is to study the different contexts of the area under research and this research design does not assure that the conclusive solutions will be addressed at the end of the research. Use of exploratory research design helps in characterizing the data that is needed to the research. Explanatory research is mainly conducted for a problem that is not well researched before and demands priorities. This research design focuses on explaining the aspects of the study in a detailed manner (Marczyk, DeMatteo and Festinger 2017). The descriptive research design on the other hand helps in directing the investigation in the light of accessing the key factors associated with the research.
The researcher has chosen a descriptive research design for this research study as it helps in directing the investigation according to the objectives of the research study. The descriptive research describes the phenomenon that is to be studies. In this case, the impact of artificial intelligence on the workforce is to be analyzed. The descriptive research technique therefore describes the situation and the objective of the research study (Mitchell and Jolley 2012). The particular research aims at analyzing the different impacts of using artificial intelligence in the workforce. The use of artificial intelligence automates the different vital operations of the organization. This in turn reduces the need of human labor. The research study aims at describing the situation in which the impact of use of office automation in reducing the human labor will be discussed. Since it will be reducing the workload of the organizations, it is expected to reduce the need of human labor thus resulting in huge unemployment. Therefore the use of descriptive research design for this research study is justified.
Data can be stated as the specific source of information that are taken in account to proceed with the objectives and goals of the proposed research (Chandra and Sharma 2013). They are one of the core specimen of any research over which the findings of research are dependent and hence, it demands appropriate attention. The relevancy of the data depends upon the data collection procedure and the discussed section deals with the data collection process and relevant factors.
Data Collection Methodology
The data collection procedure can be classified in three different categories of which the third is an integrated form of the other two. The primary modes of data collection are the primary data collection and secondary data collection, while their integrated form gives birth to mixed data collection procedure (A1 2013). In the mixed data collection procedure, the both the primary data and the secondary data are collected and hence, the primary focus of the discussion will be laid on the primary and secondary data collection procedures. The following paragraphs discuss the primary and secondary data collection procedures:
Primary data collection: Primary data collection method can be stated as the data that are collected through direct means from the individuals who have experience relevant to the research subject and shares their experience directly with the author of the proposed paper (Ahram 2011). The modes for collecting primary data are interviews, surveys, observation and other means in which the author is directly witnessing & recording the data relevant to the objective of the proposed paper. Interviewing the experts of specific domain can cite path for such set of information which can enhance the effectiveness of the proposed research work and pose reliable results (Gornall 2011). The interviews are not limited to the face-to-face interview, the technological modes of interviews such as the telephonic, video, instant messaging and other modes are also included as part of the primary data collection. Another notable mean of collecting primary data is through observing& recording the subject of data collection and their response to their surroundings. The data collected from the deemed mode are devoid of any subjectiveness from the respondent and hence can be considered as reliable & valid. Additionally, the most disruptive mode of data collection that is massively employed is the survey (especially online survey) where the size of data collected is large and analysed to determine the find the results.
Secondary data collection: The secondary data collection method is the method of collecting data where the data are collected through secondary means such journals, article, government publication & notifications, newspaper & magazine article and other reliable sources (Novikov and Novikov 2013). The data collected from this means are evaluated and concentrated that can be directly used in the proposed research work and are even highly reliable. The deemed collection method is capable of providing data size that is even bigger than the data size of data collected through online surveys. The deemed data collection method is pursued by the researchers who wishes to discuss their findings in a global perspective and have limited resources available to their disposal. However, it should be noted that the data collected from the deemed method can prove to be unreliable for dynamic subjects such as technology and others because technology is a continuously changing process and hence the data relevant to it keep changing unlike static subjects (Mitchell and Jolley 2013).
The subject of the proposed research work is artificial intelligence which is a disruptive technology and is in continuously changing and hence the primary data collection method will be the most suited data collection method for the subject. The data will be collected on both the primary qualitative and qualitative collection procedure. The quantitative data will be collected through an electronic survey while the qualitative will be collected through conducting interviews of the professionals & people that are associated with the artificial intelligence.
Data analysis is one of the crucial part of research work and is defined as the filtration process of the collected data to summarise the patterns that are vital for attaining the research objective (Salaberry and Cormajoan 2013). The data analysis can be categorised in two categories depending upon the collected primary data type and has been discussed as follows:
According to (), the qualitative data can be analysed by the following three step:
Step 1:Gathering and categorising the data through a code pattern and identifying the keywords from the collected data.
Step 2: Identifying pattern in the collected data and code them to evaluate for further implications.
Step 3: The final step includes summarising of the coded data to find the relevant answers for the research questions.
The quantitative data can be easily analysed by equipping analysing tools such as MS Excel, SPSS and other mathematical tools as well.
Justification for selecting the deemed data collection method (both qualitative and quantitative):
The reason for selecting both quantitative and qualitative data collection method lays on the fact that the subject of the paper is associated with the artificial intelligence and its impact over employment and workplace which involves the human factor. The humans are the most complex subject to study (Nardi 2018). Hence humans cannot be studied by subjecting them to answer particular question sets for which the responses are limited (as in quantitative data collection) but they need freedom to explore their situation & understanding to answer a question (as in qualitative data collection) (Sornekh and Lewin 2011). Hence, the qualitative data collection method has been selected. While, the quantitative data collection has been selected, so that the data collected from the deemed data collection method can be summarised to formulate most suitable questions for the qualitative data collection (Alvesson and Sandberg 2013). So, both the data collection method has been selected as part of the data collection.
Population in a research work can be generalised as the subject matter experts who have willingly associated themselves with the research work on the subject (Uprichard 2013). In the deemed scenario, the participants who will offer their response through qualitative or quantitative means will be the population of the proposed research work.
The sampling technique can be defined as the technique that is associated with the filtration of the most suitable sample size of total population that should be preferred for the collection of the data because the data collected from them can be considered as the most reliable data. The sampling technique is generally categorised in two categories namely; probable and non-probable sampling techniques (Brown and Stowers 2013). The probable sampling technique follows the idea of that every participant of the population holds equal right to participate in the data collection of the undergoing research work. On, the contrary, the non-probable sampling technique believes that the responses from different individuals can of different significance and hence, the sampling of the population.
Research work in any subject is done to offer sustainable findings for the subject which can develop an ethically sound platform for the enhancement of the subject (Klassenet al. 2012). Hence, it can be stated that every research work should adhere to certain guidelines that cites their moral obligation. The moral guidelines that the deemed research work will be following has been listed as follows:
- The participants should be well-informed and instructed about their role and the motive of the study along with the significance of the study.
- The researcher pursuing the research objectives should give the utmost priority to the safety (both physically & abstractly) to the research participants.
- It is of great vitality that the privacy of the participants is not exploited in any case because the participants have entrusted the researcher with their personal information.
- It is also necessary to gain the consent of the participants for storing the data collected from them that will be used for summarising the results for research questions and should be ensured that their data will only be used for academic purposes (in case of academic research).
- The researcher should also avoid data manipulation or maintain a biased attitude towards the collected data.
Every research has their limitation and the limitation of the deemed research work are associated with it (Mitchell and Jolley 2013). The budget and time constraint and reliability of data in distant geographical location is discussed below-
Budget & Time constrain: The entire research work will be completed within a time frame which cannot be extended and hence, the author of the proposed paper may miss out on some significant facts. Additionally, due to limitation of the budget the collection of data will be limited and the findings cannot be justified on a global context but rather for a smaller context of a state or country.
Reliability: As stated above the budget constraint had limited the sample size of data collected and hence, the findings from the paper cannot be considered to be reliable for the subject outside of the country of research.
Conclusion
The research study has been undertaken in order to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence in workforce and employment. It is expected that the increasing use of artificial intelligence will be a major reason of job loss and unemployment in future. This paper analyzes the research methodology and the research design that is used in conducting this research. Proper choice of research design is essential as it determines the success of a research study. A positivism research philosophy is used in this research. The use of positivism philosophy guarantees the proper utilization of the logical process and the rationale of the research study. On account of choosing a suitable approach of conducting this research study, the examiner has made use of the deductive approach of information gathering. A primary research will be performed for this research study that includes survey and interview. The primary data collection methods will be used to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence in employment and workforce. A huge amount of job loss is predicted as in future, artificial intelligence will replace human in certain fields. The paper gives an overview of the research design, research philosophy, research approach, data collection and analysis process and ethical implications associated with the research. This paper demonstrates the use of tool, techniques, processes and the methods that are used in analyzing the undertaken research topic. These paper forms the base of data analysis after data collection. The details of the research design in provided in this paper.
References
Ahram, A. 2011. The theory and method of comparative area studies. Qualitative Research, 11(1), pp.69-90.
Al, S. 2013. Interpretive research design: concepts and processes. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), pp.351-352.
Al, S. 2013. Interpretive research design: concepts and processes. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), pp.351-352.
Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J. 2013. Constructing Research Questions. London: SAGE Publications.
Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J. 2013.Constructing Research Questions. London: SAGE Publications.
Brown, J. and Stowers, E. 2013. Use of Data in Collections Work: An Exploratory Survey. Collection Management, 38(2), pp.143-162.
Brown, J. and Stowers, E. 2013. Use of Data in Collections Work: An Exploratory Survey. Collection Management, 38(2), pp.143-162.
Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. 2013. Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd.
Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. 2013.Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd.
Gornall, L. 2011. Book Review: Mixed Method Design: Principles and Procedures. Qualitative Research, 11(4), pp.456-457.
Harrison, R. L. and Reilly, T. M. 2011 “Mixed methods designs in marketing research”, Qualitative Market Research: an International Journal, 14(1), pp. 7 – 26
Klassen, A., Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V., Smith, K. and Meissner, H. 2012. Best practices in mixed methods for quality of life research. Qual Life Res, 21(3), pp.377-380.
Klassen, A., Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V., Smith, K. and Meissner, H. 2012. Best practices in mixed methods for quality of life research. Qual Life Res, 21(3), pp.377-380.
Leedy, P. and Ormrod, J. 2013. Practical research. Boston: Pearson.
Manyika, J., 2017. A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AI, AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY.
Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D. and Festinger, D., 2017. Essentials of research design and methodology. John Wiley.
Mitchell, M. and Jolley, J. 2013. Research design explained. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Mitchell, M.L. and Jolley, J.M., 2012. Research design explained. Cengage Learning.
Myers, J.L., Well, A.D. and Lorch Jr, R.F., 2013. Research design and statistical analysis. Routledge.
Nardi, P.M., 2018. Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. Routledge.
Novikov, A. and Novikov, D. 2013. Research methodology. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema.
Salaberry, M. and Comajoan, L. 2013. Research Design and Methodology in Studies on L2 Tense and Aspect. Boston: De Gruyter.
Somekh, B. and Lewin, C. 2011 Theory and Methods in Social Research, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications
Uprichard, E. 2013. Sampling: bridging probability and non-probability designs.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(1), pp.1-11.
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
