Impact Of Crime Prevention Strategies On Society

Aim and Objectives of the Research

Crime prevention is an effective procedure to eliminate crime and has received international recognition to be an important element of any national approaches that are adopted to develop workable communities. It is evident from several nations that sustaining and implementing efficient and effective crime prevention programs have been helpful in contributing in achieving secure and safe societies by reducing the crime level (Vera & Fabian, 2016). This research proposes to discuss about the impact of criminal activities on the security and safety of the nation and its nationals. The research will focus its study on the various crime prevention strategies that has been adopted by Australian government as a timely and organized intervention to prevent victimization and crime, promote community safety and contribute significantly to the sustainable development of vivacious communities.

The aims and objectives of the research are as follows:

• To understand the significance of crime prevention in reducing crimes;
• To evaluate the effectiveness of crime control strategies in reducing crimes within Australia;
• To examine the efficacy of the crime control strategies in ensuring safety and security of the nation and its nationals;

Research questions have the sole aim to provide the readers the learning outcomes that are expected from a particular research. The research question for this research proposal is as follows:

• How crime prevention strategies are significant in reducing crimes?
• What are the various crime control strategies that are effective in reducing crimes in Australia?
• How are the crime control strategies effective in ensuring safety and security of the nation and its nationals against crimes?

The three different research questions are based on the total analysis of the crime prevention strategies that is supposed to be studied in a detailed and exclusive manner. The research will highlight the importance of the prevention of the different kinds of crime and the ways to prevent them. It will also try to answer the effective strategies taken up by the administration to control the growing rates of crime. The following subject will provide a new angle to the investigation of different crime prevention strategies and the similar kind of subjects that deals with the same. It is important for the researcher to identi9fy the correct sources for collecting the necessary information for the research. Based on the proposed research questions, the researcher shall use information using articles, journals, media articles and case studies that have been already used or are works of other authors to answer the research questions (Salazar, Crosby & DiClemente, 2015). The research shall include case studies to illustrate the adverse impact that crimes have on the society and how it undermines the security of the nation. It shall discuss about the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders that are equally accountable as the state and local governments in the implementation of the crime prevention policies. The hypothesis of the following research can be as follows;

H0- Crime Prevention Strategies by the Government and other Non-Governmental organizations helps in preventing crime

Research Questions

H1- Crime Prevention Strategies by the Government and other Non-Governmental organizations does not help in preventing crime

Descriptive, explanatory and exploratory are the three types of research designs that can be used to conduct the research. In this research, the researcher has used the descriptive form of research design using case studies that establishes crime prevention strategies are effective in reducing crime levels. The objectives of the following research will be evaluated by means of descriptive research design. As mentioned earlier the researcher has chosen the descriptive research design over the other two types of the research design. The reason for choosing the descriptive research design lies in the capability of the following design ton to provide the perfect analysis on the different types of the theories and concepts that are related to the following research topic. The formulator of the following research will gain immense in depth understanding of the following research. The following research design will be useful for the theoretical and transparent view of the given topic and will also act as an immense source of knowledge to the readers and the future researchers. The following design of the research will help it to increase its wide scale acceptance. The cross sectional design of the research will be utilized as one of the main purposes of crosses sectional research design that is to be descriptive (Neuman, 2016). The cross sectional research design involves the collection of information at a particular point in time that generally have more than one case. However, as mentioned earlier the researcher will abstain himself from the use of the quantifiable data as because he will concentrate more on the qualitative research process that will be involved in the collection and analysis of secondary sources of data. The design of the research is useful for the research as because it provides a proper structure to the research.    

The researcher will be utilizing a various number of secondary sources that will be used to collect quality data for the following research. The secondary sources will be chosen according to the needs and suitability of the following research. Eck & Weisburd (2015) will act as one of the main sources for the conduction of the research as because it explain in details about the role of the government, Non-Governmental organizations and other organizations in their quest to reduce crimes through the use of various socio-cultural initiatives. Lewis (2017) states that although various approaches have been designed that categorizes the wide range of activities falling within the description of crime prevention, it is equally important to understand the various distinct implications of such approaches to ensure crime prevention intervention to reduce crime. On the other hand Cozens (2016) states that the Government and the organizations must ensure to explore the cultural and social aspects that are related to the prevention of crime. The following example will be helpful for the organization to conduct a proper analysis of the different social and cultural events that leads to the increase of crime. The following example will help in the determination of the different such events and will also help in the determination of the steps that are taken by the organizations to reduce the different social and cultural happenings that force a person to opt for the different kinds of crime.

Research Design

Situational crime prevention is based on the concept that crime is often opportunistic and strives to modify the appropriate factors that restrict the opportunities for offenders in order to engage in criminal behavior. Situational prevention consists of a wide variety of measures that highlight the significance of marking specific forms of crimes under certain circumstances (Shariati & Guerette, 2017). The following study will help the to identify and explain the aspects of situational crime amongst the different kinds of the people who commits crime.

According to Guerette, Johnson and Bowers (2016), crime pattern theory talks about how the neighborhood and community influences crime activities by providing criminal offenders with opportunities from their everyday lives. The sources for the situational crime will also act as a valuable and effective source of information for the research to be conducted in the future. The research by Wortley & Townsley (2016) will be taken as the source for the research as because it explains the readers about the various reasons that lead the commitment of a particular crime. Tilley (2014) will also be considered as a valuable source for the research as because it provides the different kinds of methods that are required for the proper and effective security of the community from the occurrence of any types of crime.

According to Guerette, Johnson and Bowers (2016) social Crime Prevention strategy is another way of reduciung crime that usually focuses on influencing the underlying economic and social causes of crime along with the motivation of the offender instead of merely focusing on the physical environment. Welsh (2018) states that this approach usually aims at including crime prevention measures which though take time to produce results but are effective in producing desired results, thus, reducing the crime occurrence. Such initiatives include improvement in health, housing and educational facilities and ensuring better community solidity by developing effective societal developmental measures. Community development measures shall fortify social solidity and address the other factors that usually cause social disorganization by enhancing the power of the communities to take part in decision making processes, increase services and resources as well as economic opportunities within disadvantaged communities. Thus, these community developmental programs strengthen informal networks and fortify social structure that will provide opportunities to mobilize communities for deterring criminal activities. The use of the particular source is useful for the research to explain the uses and advantages of community development for the organization. Apart from this Welsh (2018) has also been used as a source because he has explained the use of modern security measures taken by the community to prevent crimes. This includes the environmental crime prevention strategy includes CPTED as well as broader urban-planning initiatives, which includes management and design planning of the landscaped and built environment. For example, developing a public space, which encourages huge number of users and ensure better as well as greater natural surveillance; designing pedestrians way that have sufficient lights and CCTVs installed for better surveillance. CPTED is a significant crime prevention policy in Australia as well as in other countries to reduce the frequent occurrence of crimes. Weisburd, Groff & Yang (2014) has observed that, generally, the risk of becoming involved in criminal activities is higher in societies where people experience social exclusion or they lack community unity. This crime  prevention measure based on the notion that crimes in any particular community is not the result of actions of any small number of individuals that have criminal intentions, instead it is an outcome of the series of structural determinants that are present within a particular community. Such factors include distinction in various access rates to education, housing, health services, employment and other related factors. The following description has been helpful for the research and thus it has been selected for the use in the main research. The use of the mentioned sources will be useful for the conduction of the research. The sources of the research must be reliable and valid to ensure a proper research and ensure the achievement of all the aims and objectives of the research. 

Use of Secondary Sources for Data Collection

The used of secondary data is the main criterion or characteristic of the following research (Patten, 2016). The sample in this case will not involve any research participants. However the research sources which will provide the different information about the following research. However the researcher can use non-probability sampling technique involving the collection of the responses from the different types of the organizations and government departments like the police who are involved in reducing the level of crime. The research participants will be selected from the following group of people and then the responses will be collected and then analyzed to find out the results of the following research.

The data collection method that has been used to carry out the research is the secondary data collection technique. The application of this data collection method is appropriate to conduct the research on the given topic because it shall allow the researcher to explain about the various approaches in details and assess its efficacy in ensuring the safety and security of the nation and its nationals. The secondary collection of the data will be completed from a various number of different sources like books, journals, articles and also other forms of early researches that will be useful for the conduction of the research. The researcher can also use the help of online sources that are the latest trend of collecting information to complete the research. The researcher will ensure that the sources meet the criterion for the following research and are able to meet the aims and objectives of the research.

According to, Smith (2015) qualitative data analysis technique shall be used to analyze the information in order to initiate the work. The application of this data collection method is appropriate for conducting this research as it will enable the researcher to obtain information from journals, online articles, books, magazines and other related sources for seeking an answer to the research question.

Ethics is considered to be the most basic and also the key consideration for the conduction of a research. Ethics must be maintained accordingly to increase the acceptance levels of the research and to also ensure the fair and smooth ways that were considered for the conduction of the following research. It is important to adhere to research ethics to achieve the research aim and objectives and complete the work successfully. While using the secondary data sources, the researcher shall ensure that the information obtained from the secondary sources, due credit is given to the author. The researcher shall use sources that are authentic and reliable used for academic purposes only. The Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology Code of Ethics will be guiding the research to minimize the different forms of the ethical dilemmas usually faced by the researchers while conducting a research of such structure. The four main areas for the ethical concern are namely, harm to participants, lack of informed consent, invasion of privacy and deception. For the particular kind of research the researcher will limit himself from conducting a survey. The researcher however ensured that the research was conducted in a confidential process without the intervention of any person. The researcher will also have to ensure that the research uses honest and integrated methods to carry on the research. The researcher must ensure to abstain from copying and cheating from other sources and also should take the permission of the author or any other publishers while using a copyrighted book or any other sources like article, journals and many more as such. The permission to use the sources in the research will ensure the honesty and integrated approach to the research. The researcher will also have to obtain permission from all other types of sources that will be used in the following research. A consent form must be used to obtain the consent of the different secondary sources to ensure the transparency of the organization. On the research front the researcher must also ensure the use of the most genuine and reliable sources of data. The use of the reliable and genuine sources of data will be useful for the proper and efficient conduction of the research and will also help in the efficient analysis of the research subject.

Situational Crime Prevention

Table 1- Time Schedule Table

Source: (As created by the Author)

Conclusion

The research that will be done after the final approval will provide proper and effective information to the organization. The proposal provided in the following article provides brief information of the future research. The research will highlight an unexplored topic and will act as a proper and efficient source for the future researchers.

References

Cooper, T., Scott, J., Barclay, E., Sims, M., & Love, T. (2016). Crime prevention and young people: Models and future direction for youth night patrols. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 18(4), 266-283.

Cozens, P. (2016). Think crime! Using evidence, theory and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) for planning safer cities (pp. 1-211). Praxis education.

Eck, J. E., & Weisburd, D. L. (2015). Crime places in crime theory.

Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage.

Guerette, R. T., Johnson, S. D., & Bowers, K. (2016). Situational crime prevention. Advancing Criminology and Criminal Justice Policy, 104.

Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Kuklinski, M. R. (2014). Communities that care. In Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 393-408). Springer New York.

Homel, P., & Fuller, G. (2015). Understanding the local government role in crime prevention. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (505), 1.

Lewis, D. A. (2017). Fear of crime: Incivility and the production of a social problem. Routledge.

Neuman, W. L. (2016). Understanding research. Pearson.

Newman, G., & Clarke, R. V. (2016). Rational choice and situational crime prevention: Theoretical foundations. Routledge.

Patten, M. L. (2016). Proposing empirical research: A guide to the fundamentals. Taylor & Francis.

Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A., & DiClemente, R. J. (2015). Research methods in health promotion. John Wiley & Sons.

Shariati, A., & Guerette, R. T. (2017). Situational Crime Prevention. In Preventing Crime and Violence (pp. 261-268). Springer, Cham.

Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. Sage.

Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.

Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.

Tilley, N. (2014). Crime prevention. Routledge.

Tilley, N., & Sidebottom, A. (Eds.). (2017). Handbook of crime prevention and community safety. Taylor & Francis.

Vera, Y., & Fabian, N. (2016). Crime prevention through environmental design.

Weisburd, D., Groff, E. R., & Yang, S. M. (2014). The importance of both opportunity and social disorganization theory in a future research agenda to advance criminological theory and crime prevention at places. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 51(4), 499-508.

Welsh, B. (2018). Costs and benefits of preventing crime. Routledge.

Wortley, R., & Townsley, M. (Eds.). (2016). Environmental criminology and crime analysis (Vol. 18). Taylor & Francis.

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