Discussion
Globalization is the technique of integration as well as exchange of economic, social and cultural aspects of people beyond national boundaries. It is also identified that globalization is the process by which, societies, cultures as well as regional economies integrate through a global network of political ideas via, trade, communication as well as transportation. This particular term is referred to the fact of fast integration and interdependence of different countries, which helps to shape the world affair on an international level. As put forward by Glatzer (2012), globalization has affected the products that people consume, culture, security and environment that are exchanged among many nations. Some significant factors are associated with the globalization that could lead to a hike in free-trade activities and global acceptance of markets. In this context, Haynes (2016) also commented that globalization has largely affected the culture as well as economies on matters managing the environmental destruction as well as availability of the constrained resource. Globalization tends to carry diverse implication for environmental issues such as pollution, water resource, climate change as well as loss of biodiversity.
In the following essay, the impact of globalization on different nations and sectors has been discussed. Both positive and negative influences of globalization have been evaluated in the following essay to understand the future and current initiatives that countries or the organizations require to deal with the potential impact. The analysis has been conducted with some factual evidences regarding the globalization and its impact. Likewise, to evaluate the positive impact of globalization, past and present growth record of industries that have been affected by the globalization.
Due to the major impact of globalization on the environment, the prevention on the utilization of resource as well as awareness of environmental degradation has been observed (Gupta, 2012). Because of the potential issues associated with the globalization, many studies have been implemented on developing a greener technology, which could replace the existing ones that damage the environment. As put forward by Nica (2012) globalization also contributed to development of resource to protect environment by the promotion of growth by increase of income as well as education. For example, the Word Bank aided Mexico in minimizing an unhealthy ozone days during the period of 1990s (Akpor-Robaro, 2012). In addition, the MNCs are on developing technologies on a frequent basis that could lessen the adverse impact on the environment. For instance, the car manufacturer in automobile industry in Japan developed hybrid cars that could economize fuel and decrease the emission of gashouse to the environment.
Likewise, the technology giant Apple focuses on products that are eco-friendly. Regrettably, the negative impacts of globalization have offset the positive influences (Sullivan, 2012). On an international level, the natural resources are used extensively. This happens, as there is an increase in demand as well as eco-system removal, which is the consequence of population growth. The prerequisite for disposal products caused logging to remain on the increase, which could result into extensive deforestation. In this context, Gachoka (2015), commented that almost a half of the indigenous forest that covered human planet in the past have been depleted. Thus, it can be added that deforestation has been increasing on a yearly basis. On other side, Sturm-Trigonakis (2013) commented that over-fishing is also a significant global issue.
A study conducted McMichael (2013) reveals that globalization has negatively influenced the environment through global warming. This remains as the consequence of green house gas emission caused by speedy industrialization in developed nation as well as the massive dependence on the fossil fuels. Moreover, it is also observed that the global temperature on an average basis have also increased extensively over the past few several years. The transparent sectors as well as the gasses from different factories caused the global warming but this is the only reasons that contribute to the global warming. Hence, Keskitalo (2012) commented that globalization has become a scientific debate that revolve around the structural change in earth’s ecology.
A significant linkage has been observed among the environmental decay, support, trade and government. However, activities that needed for the sector as well as trade require a huge amount of energy resource. The inappropriate use of these resources might cause air pollution acid rain and others associated with the global warming. Like every other industry, the impact of globalization has also been observed in the education industry. The major direction and the objectives that education institutions previously had are certain to change. The key idea that education remains as the public service are certain to be abandoned (Stromquist & Monkman, 2014). Thus, in the present days, the idea has been changed with the significant idea that education can also be treated as the service of economies, which requires individual investment. The international firms have rapidly engaged themselves n the education industry. For example, it can also be added that World Trade Organization as well as World Bank have introduced the idea of making the sector private (Othman, Othman & Ismail, 2012). These policies focus on the adaptation of content of education internationally to the perquisite of employment. They focus on creating an education system that is efficient as well as advantageous.
The emergence of globalization has influenced the human heath as well as development in a number of ways, where some are positive but others are negative. In this context, Jaumotte, Lall and Papageorgiou (2013) mentioned that the liberalization of products of trade agriculture often lead to economic benefits in under-developed nations that are short term. This could enhance the health dependency on the equitability of the allocation of these advantageous. It was also observed in the previous studies that globalization has redesigned the social arena where the nations engage themselves in the avoidance of disease. It has also been identified that health issues have gone over the national boundaries. Due to the globalization, the harmful products could bring disaster implication globally. The firms have enjoyed a free trade of foods, medicines and drugs and other substances that could damage the health. In addition, due to the efficiency in the cross-border communication, the health industry remained beneficial in the access of email and internet. According to (Ebenstein et al., (2014), information and experience required managing the matters could be free, which facilitates the telemedicine.
The impact of globalization has also been observed on the developing countries as globalization helps the developing nations to deal with the rest of the world in increasing their economic growth as well as solving the poverty in the nations. As put forward by Jaumotte, Lall, and Papageorgiou (2013), the developing nations are not able to tap on the world because of the trade barriers. They might not share the same economic development that developed nations had. Nevertheless, due to the globalization World Bank and International Management motivates the developed nations to deal with the market changes as well as other radical changes to big loans. The developed nations started take steps to increase their markets by erasing tariffs as well as free-up their economies. The country that is financially developed gained the ability to make investment in other developed nations, create employment opportunity for the needy people in the nations. For example, the increasing growth in India and China has contributed to the decrease of world poverty (Hsueh, 2012). It is quite certain that globalization has formed the relationship between developed nations developing nations. It has made each nation reliable to another nation. More specifically, the developed nations depend on the developed nations for resource flows as well as technology, but developed nations depend on extensively on developed nations for necessary raw material, food, oil as well as market industry goods.
One of the most significant advantages of globalization are goods and human resource. People are transported easily; the outcome of trade between the nations has increased, which had decreased the possibility of war between the nations. Moreover, it is also observed that development in the communication between the individual as well as organizations in the global environment contributed to the free trade between the nations, which leads to the development of economy (Sassen, 2015). Notwithstanding, globalization has largely affected the poor nations. The globalization has increased the inequality between rich as well as poor as the benefits of globalization are not universal. This happens because some nations benefit from globalization while others lag behind. For example, in past years, India and China have developed faster than other rich nations but the nation like Africa still tops the list in terms of highest poverty (Maringe & Foskett, 2012). Furthermore, the developed nations establish their organizations and industries to developing nations to gain benefits of low wages. This is certainly a reason of over population in the country.
Some cultural effects have also been recorded due to the emergence of globalization. In many developed nations, the culture has been changed through globalization and the nations imitate the culture of other nations such as America and Europe (Glatzer, 2012). Without the globalization, it might have not been possible to learn about the nation as well as their culture. As the part of the globalization, the technological development and wide access of internet have made it possible for the nations to learn about the culture and it effect. For instance, it becomes easy to observe more and more Hollywood starts that demonstrate cultural aspects of United State. Specifically, due the emergence of globalization young people like teenagers have been observed to wear Nike T-shirts, Adidas footwear and listing to Hip-Hop music (Cleveland, Laroche & Hallab, 2013). However, many GCC countries such as Arab, Jordan, Oman and other developed countries have been affected negatively in some areas such as their culture, which is changed. They prefer to wear western clothes instead of their traditional clothes. In some developing counties, people emphasize more on English instead of their regional language.
The significant problem of liberalization is that the markets are not economically embedded (Benería, Berik & Floro, 2015). This often remains clearly significant in the financial market. The earlier architecture of global economical market significantly remains tolerant, which facilitates the increasing acquisition of massive private benefits. The cost of this tolerant market could be catastrophic in respect with prosperity as well as jobs in the isolated economies. Consequently, the fundamental rights of people in these nations are at stake. Likewise, the next significant issue of economic globalization has evolved from the poor political control of financial globalization, which spreads across transitional organizations that develop the operation in many nations. The organizations partly avoid national fiscal jurisdictions by putting down their profits in nations with more developed and favorable tax system (Lim & Tsutsui, 2012). The firms have been observed to be decentralizing its production techniques to some extent that individual elements are manufactured in the market or nations where they are beneficial to produce. This could reduce the cost of production but weaken the positions of the organizational personnel and country’s governments.
As put forward by Stromquist and Monkman (2014), the economic globalization over the last two decade converted the human activities, developed closer contacts over several centuries as well as the pace gently increased in the recent time through improvement in transportation and information communication technology. The impact of falling business and the investment challenges, revolution in communication, the destruction of communism generated a global economy with increasing potential to improve large wealth and quality of living. In this context, Hall and Lawson (2014) commented that globalization with the developed economy could be pragmatic in actual circumstance. The economy in the global environment is controlled by little consortium of developed economies. Presently, in many industries, the chief competitors come from the developed nations. For instance, the international automobile as well as other small sectors include home electronics, IT services, telecommunication, medical equipment that have the same chief competitors across the developed nations. Furthermore, it is also identified that present global economic model is implemented through the institutions like World Bank, Internal Investment Agency and other bureaucracies.
As put forward by Karabarbounis and Neiman (2014), since 1980s, the globalization come into the vocabulary of people’ however, the concept provides the different meaning that remains as the core subject of debate as well as controversy. There is a growing argument regarding whether or not it is principally a political, technical, logical or multi-casual phenomenon; whether it pulls upward or pushes down. The scholars and the environmentalists are not sure whether globalization destroys the political autonomy or significantly create new pressure for the regional autonomy. Therefore, till now to emphasize on economic globalization such as integration of financial markets as well as other market, the globalization of productions are concerned, the world economy observed a low growth as well as financial divergence. Nevertheless, globalization of markets have increased the economic inequality as well as inaugurated a competitive race because government tries to attract mobile capital by minimizing the perceived impediments to the business. This could include the business taxes and entrenched labor right. Alternatively, global income as well as real GDP has increased extensively since the closer of World War II (Asongu, 2014). People might expect a significant change in the recent time due to the globalization compared the phases of World War but a large percentage of people live in rural areas of Africa.
The perception based on the wage-price rigidity for economic adjustment relied largely on the public intervention. This has developed the ground for the disproval of fixed exchange rate regime in the past decade. This disapproval of fixed exchange has facilitated the process of globalization. Thus, in the initial stage people have observed liberalization in the globalization, which refers to market liberalization as well as trade. In spite of this fact, the globalization is related to the open economy, which weakens the border wall.
It is observed that lack of political commitment as well as public support programs for rural developments are the significant barriers of poverty reduction in the regions. As put forward by Czaika and Haas (2014) the poor people in the rural area observe a little access to credit and extension service. In addition, the market-led economic growth may not automatically minimize the inequality as well as poverty. Certainly, the positive economic growth might not be sufficient condition for the reduction poverty (Han, Liu & Zhang, 2012). In addition to this, due to the globalization, inequality of has been observed in many nations. Some particular researches indicate that strong relationship between inequality as well as growth but this case might not be universal. Till now, the development as well as sharing of income are concerned, demographic and physical conditions also influence a nation’s options for developments as well as its income distribution. On the other side, the economic theory indicates that a greater openness to world trade in developed nations could reduce the wage inequality. The liberalization of trade increases the comparative demand for the unskilled workers and it minimizes the wage gap between the skilled and unskilled labor. When the ratio of skills to unskilled workforce is less for the export than for imports, the industries might observe openness to the trade, which should increase the demand for the unskilled workforce. The governments of third world nation place their faith in macro-economic management of largely private economies that are combined with the measures of redistribution and labor market initiatives. Nonetheless, the privatization has been a core element of market-based development strategies employed in the developed nations over the past few years.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is worth mentioning that globalization remains as the serious issue that could many countries and industries. The researchers should conduct the analysis to identify the impacts with serious concern to lessen the impact. It is necessary to note point out that force behind the globalization might not be stopped. Thus, it is crucial for all nations to create forms of globalization that are environmentally as well as socially sustainable. In addition, these forms should be more advantageous to minimize the cost and to all humanity. Furthermore, the indirect influence of globalization on health can be operated through the national economy. Unlike the indirect impact, direct impact of globalization is on health system, policies of multi-lateral trade signing as well as agreements.
On the completion of the essay, it can be mentioned that globalization is on the ultimate stage of open economy for the internal market. Based on the economic perspective, it can be added that globalization is the technique of integration of national economy with international market. Even though, it can also be mentioned that globalization is the technique of elimination of national economy. With a different sense, globalization is the extension of market private enterprise, which starts with the execution of privatization policies implemented by liberalization. The above-mentioned discussion also helps to learn that globalization minimizes government’s role in the economy as well as increases economic interdependency among different countries. However, this interdependency can be beneficial especially to the advanced nations that sufficient exportable capabilities compared to low cost production techniques. The globalization does not seem to be an effective measure in the third world to identify their core economic barriers such as long-term economic poverty, growing unemployment, inequality as well as environmental degradation.
Despite the fact of negative impact of globalization, the third world countries might not able to avoid the cost of globalization. Thus, suitable strategy is to deduce the losses. The developed nations find many opportunities due to the globalization. Thereby, it is recommended to decrease the negative influence of globalization. To do this regulatory bodies or the governments of third world nations should work together with the organizations in private industry to enhance supply limitations.
References and Bibliography
Akpor-Robaro, M. O. M. (2012). The impact of globalization on entrepreneurship development in developing economies: A theoretical analysis of the Nigerian experience in the manufacturing industry. Management Science and Engineering, 6(2), 1-10.
Al?Ansari, B., Thow, A. M., Day, C. A., & Conigrave, K. M. (2015). Extent of alcohol prohibition in civil policy in Muslim majority countries: the impact of globalization. Addiction.
Arnove, R. F., Torres, C. A., & Franz, S. (Eds.). (2012). Comparative education: The dialectic of the global and the local. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Asongu, S. (2014). Globalization (fighting), corruption and development: How are these phenomena linearly and nonlinearly related in wealth effects?. Journal of Economic Studies, 41(3), 346-369.
Baylis, J., Smith, S., & Owens, P. (2013). The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press.
Benería, L., Berik, G., & Floro, M. (2015). Gender, development and globalization: economics as if all people mattered. Routledge.
Cleveland, M., Laroche, M., & Hallab, R. (2013). Globalization, culture, religion, and values: Comparing consumption patterns of Lebanese Muslims and Christians. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 958-967.
Czaika, M., & Haas, H. (2014). The globalization of migration: Has the world become more migratory?. International Migration Review, 48(2), 283-323.
Ebenstein, A., Harrison, A., McMillan, M., & Phillips, S. (2014). Estimating the impact of trade and offshoring on American workers using the current population surveys. Review of Economics and Statistics, 96(4), 581-595.
Gachoka, H. (2015). Impact of globalization on the human resource management function in developing countries: a case study of kenya public corporations.
Glatzer, W. (2012). Cross-national comparisons of quality of life in developed nations, including the impact of globalization. In Handbook of social indicators and quality of life research (pp. 381-398). Springer Netherlands.
Glatzer, W. (2012). Cross-national comparisons of quality of life in developed nations, including the impact of globalization. In Handbook of social indicators and quality of life research (pp. 381-398). Springer Netherlands.
Gupta, N. (2012). The impact of globalization on consumer acculturation: A study of urban, educated, middle class Indian consumers. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 24(1), 41-58.
Hall, J. C., & Lawson, R. A. (2014). Economic freedom of the world: an accounting of the literature. Contemporary Economic Policy, 32(1), 1-19.
Han, J., Liu, R., & Zhang, J. (2012). Globalization and wage inequality: Evidence from urban China. Journal of international Economics, 87(2), 288-297.
Haynes, J. (Ed.). (2016). Religion, globalization and political culture in the Third World. Springer.
Hsueh, R. (2012). China and India in the age of globalization: sectoral variation in postliberalization reregulation. Comparative Political Studies, 45(1), 32-61.
Jaumotte, F., Lall, S., & Papageorgiou, C. (2013). Rising income inequality: technology, or trade and financial globalization?. IMF Economic Review, 61(2), 271-309.
Jaumotte, F., Lall, S., & Papageorgiou, C. (2013). Rising income inequality: technology, or trade and financial globalization?. IMF Economic Review, 61(2), 271-309.
Karabarbounis, L., & Neiman, B. (2014). The global decline of the labor share. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(1), 61-103.
Keskitalo, E. C. H. (2012). Climate change and globalization in the Arctic: an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment. Earthscan.
Lim, A., & Tsutsui, K. (2012). Globalization and commitment in corporate social responsibility cross-national analyses of institutional and political-economy effects. American Sociological Review, 77(1), 69-98.
Mander, J. (2014). The case against the global economy: and for a turn towards localization. Routledge.
Maringe, F., & Foskett, N. (Eds.). (2012). Globalization and internationalization in higher education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives. A&C Black.
McMichael, A. J. (2013). Globalization, climate change, and human health. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(14), 1335-1343.
Nica, E. (2012). The Increased Significance of Education as an Investment in Human Capital. Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, (2), 336-341.
Othman, N., Othman, N. H., & Ismail, R. (2012). Impact of Globalization on Trends in EntrepreneurshipEducation in Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 3(4), 267.
Sassen, S. (2015). Losing control?: Sovereignty in the age of globalization. Columbia University Press.
Stromquist, N. P., & Monkman, K. (2014). Defining globalization and assessing its implications for knowledge and education, revisited. Globalization and education: Integration and contestation across cultures, 1.
Stromquist, N. P., & Monkman, K. (2014). Defining globalization and assessing its implications for knowledge and education, revisited. Globalization and education: Integration and contestation across cultures, 1.
Sturm-Trigonakis, E. (2013). Comparative cultural studies and the new weltliteratur. Purdue University Press.
Sullivan, M. A. (2012). Apple reports high rate but saves billions on taxes. The Tax Analysts Blog.
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
