Impact Of Workers Injuries Compensation On Employee Productivity

Impact Of The Workers Injuries Compensation

Background and Introduction

Discuss about the Impact Of The Workers Injuries Compensation.

The purpose of the research study is to investigate the impact of the workers injuries compensation towards the employees productivity. Workers injury compensation is one form of insurance that provides wage replacement as well as medical benefits to the employees injured during the course of employment in exchange for relinquishment of employee’s right for suing their employer for negligence (Berecki-Gisolf, et al., 2012). The general damage for punitive damages, suffering and pain for the employer negligence are usually not included in the workers injury compensation plans. Moreover, in this case employers negligence is not considered as an issue. The trade- off between the lack of recourse and assured coverage is termed as “the compensation bargain”. This compensation bargain solved one of the issue which is issue of employers becoming insolvent owing to high damage awards. This study manly intends to focus on how the workers injury compensation act impacts the productivity of employees.

One of the problems that occurred during the research has been that the few managers of the enterprise did not want to reveal any kind of information regarding their workers injury compensation package. As a result, the detailed information regarding the impact of workers injury compensation towards employees productivity cannot be obtained.

The main purpose of the research study is to investigate whether there is a positive relationship between the workers injury compensation and employees productivity. The research study provides an overview on how the concept of workers compensation motivates the employees to work in the enterprise.

The main aim of the research study is to determine how the injury compensation of workers drive their productivity in the enterprise. The objectives of the research study are –

• To recognize the factors which determines the workers compensation packages in an enterprise
• To ascertain the impact of workers injury compensation on the employees performance
• To investigate whether there is relationship between workers compensation and employees productivity

The research study has huge significance as it brings froth the fact that the workers compensation variables improve the employees productivity, reduce staff turnover cost, build brand loyalty with the employees. This study focuses on how the workers compensation has become one of the basic objectives of HRM (human resource management) of the organization as it increases employees productivity (Berber & Slavi?, 2016).

The scope of the research study is huge as it facilitates the managers of the enterprise to know about how the workers compensation can be improve the employees performance and create profit for the enterprise. It helps the managers of the organization to design their workers compensation policies for retaining their employees.

Research Problem

This section of the research study review the literature of present knowledge involving theoretical contributions and the substantive findings on the area of workers injury compensation and its impact on the employees productivity. The review focuses on the concept of compensation and the role of compensation administration, characteristics of workers injury compensation system, impact of workers injury compensation on employees productivity and performance and theories relating to workers compensation.

Workers compensation refers to the compensation that is provided to the employees who suffer from injury or any work related disease during the course of their employment without the requirement to show that the employers has been negligent. Odunlade, (2012) opines that recoverable workers compensation cannot be reduced if a worker is negligent except in those situation where the employee is injured owing to their serious as well as wilful misconduct or self- indicted injury. Since no negligence component exists to employees compensation claim, the workers compensation payment becomes highly modest. Moreover, the workers of an organization can receive damages in terms of medical expenses, weekly payments, huge compensation, of they are actually assessed as an individual impairment threshold. Samnani & Singh, (2014) found out that the workers injury compensation generally differs depending on the enterprise size.

The Work Injury Compensation Act (WICA) mainly let the workers make claims for the injuries relating to work without having to file civil suit that is under the common law. The WICA mainly covers all domestic or foreign workers who is mainly under the service contract or apprenticeship contract regardless of the salary, nationality and age. It does not mainly civer independent contractors as well as self- employed persons, local workers and uniformed personnel. The compensation can be claimed for compensation if the workers have been contracted a disease or injure owing to work. The workers basically remains eligible to claim for the compensation even if-

• The workers no longer work for employers
• If the accident happen when the worker stays on overseas assignment

Employees compensation benefits are the kind of no- fault insurance where the employers usually agrees to provide benefits to the injured workers. Odunlade, (2012) states that  the aspect of no- fault leaves the employers right to challenge all kinds of claims on the ground that injury of workers do not take place during his employment or the injured worker does not return to work. There are five kinds of benefits that are mainly paid under workers injury compensation system. Firstly, the medical benefits are given to the injured workers

Research Purpose

Secondly, the benefits for temporary total disability are usually paid to the injured employee who cannot work but full recovery can be expected

Thirdly, the benefits for permanently total disabled are given when the individual is restricted permanently from all kinds of working conditions.

Fourthly, the benefits for permanently partial disability are paid for the expected injuries even after healing period for resulting in physical environment and decrease in actual earnings.

Most of the enterprise buys insurance against their workers injury compensation claims either from the private insurance bearer or the government based on the respective state. The premiums are mainly paid by the employers as total payroll percentage. Samnani & Singh,  (2014) found out that small employers charges premium depending on experience of industry class they belong. Due to this, they usually do not hold total cost of employees compensation benefits that is paid to them. Thus, their employees compensation payroll tax is mainly imperfectly rated.

Bronchetti & McInerney, (2012) states that the large enterprise bears full cost of employees compensation benefits that is obtained by them. In fact, these enterprises also have self- insuring option and thus it leads to better experience rating. According to Gomez-Mejia, Berrone & Franco-Santos, (2014), workers injury compensation benefits are mainly not taxable and hence their net cost relies on employee’s family income. Another vital point that is highlighted by few researcher that the recipient of  workers injury compensation benefits can attain  other kinds of benefits, which are mainly conditioned on family income or disability status.

As per Samnani & Singh,  (2014), there are numerous factors that are recognized as impacting the employees productivity. These factors involve- workers health, managerial factors, employees motivation and the interpersonal communication that is included in production process. The researchers have found out that in most of the enterprises, workers compensation has huge impact on the productivity of employees. Seabury et al., (2012) opines that good injury compensation for workers helps to stimulate emergence of news ideas as well as employees motivation. Moore & Viscusi, (2014) has found out that the presence of good workers injury compensation also makes the employees health good. As a result, the employees of the enterprise gets several opportunities during their job. In addition to this, the total number of employees working hours helps them to attain maximum productivity in work. Due to this, the process of planning can be attained with better production. Few researchers have noted that the low workers injury compensation trigger the workers to involve into their business or any kind of side job. () points out that the side business usually disrupt quality of workers work as well as concentration. Apart from this, low concentration of few workers have adverse impact on the quality of goods production in an enterprise. From all these facts, it can be seen that the impact of workers injury compensation towards employees productivity is huge. If the enterprise provides more compensation to employees, then there will be higher productivity. On the contrary, if thee enterprise provides less injury compensation to employees, then they will have less productivity.

Aims and Objectives

Theories relating to workers compensation

There are several theories that are related to the workers compensation. Two theories are described below-

Wei & Yazdanifard, (2014) cites that reinforcement theory refers to the response that is followed by reward, which is likely to occur in future. The implication of this theory for the workers compensation management of enterprise is that high performance of employee followed by monetary reward would make high performance in future more likely. This theory mainly emphasizes that if the employees gets reward in form of any kind of compensation, then their productivity increases. Thus, this reinforcement theory focuses on the significance of an individual experiencing the compensation or reward.

Similar to that of reinforcement theory, the expectancy theory highlights on the association between compensation and employees behaviours., even though it emphasizes on predicted compensation or incentives. Samnani & Singh, (2014) states that motivation is one of the functions of other two factors- perceived connection between effort and performance, predicted value of results in terms of compensation. The workers injury compensation systems usually differ based on its effect on the motivational components. However, if an enterprise provides high workers injury compensation, then this will impact on workers behaviour as they puts huge effort in their work thereby resulting into higher productivity

Ballwieser e al., (2012) states that agency theory focuses on divergent threats as well as goal of an enterprise’s stakeholders and different ways that an worker’s compensation can be utilized for aligning these goals as well as interest. Agency cost refers to the cost which basically arise from interest of owners and their managers who are not converging. One example of agency costs is the management of an enterprise spending huge amount on workers injury compensation. Additionally, difference in the attitude of mangers and shareholders towards risk also creates agency cost. Few researches have shown that the shareholders diversify their total investments easily than managers diversify risk in their pay. According to Bosse & Phillips, (2016), this theory has huge value in analysis as well as design of employees compensation. However, while designing workers injury compensation, the enterprise mainly tries to reduce agency cost. According to this theory, the owner selects one contracting scheme which facilitates to align agent’s interest. These contracts are classified as outcome – oriented and behaviour- oriented. The outcome-oriented scheme is that as the profits of an enterprise becomes high, the workers injury compensation also becomes high and vice- versa. On the other hand, behaviour- oriented contracts is that risk is not transferred to agent and hence do not need compensating wage differential.

Significance of the Research

In this particular study, the researcher has used qualitative research method for conducting the research on the impact of workers injury compensation towards employees productivity (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault,  2014) The primary data collection method is used by the researcher in order to obtain accurate outcome of research.

Research Design is classified into three broad types- descriptive, exploratory and explanatory. Exploratory design aids the researcher to explore different circumstances for collecting information and meeting objectives of research study. Descriptive design assesses about the information which are collected to conduct the particular research study (Lewis, 2015). Explanatory design portrays an attempt to associate individuals thought to understand specific situation.

The researcher has adopted descriptive research design in this research study for assessing the information obtained for doing the research study. In addition to this, it also facilitates the researcher to investigate known facts and then draw conclusion based on the qualitative data analysis method.

Research philosophy is classified into few kinds, namely- realism, interpretivism, positivism. Realism philosophy depends on the scientific approach towards the activities relating to knowledge development (Flick, 2015). Positivism philosophy depicts the positive facts gathered by the researcher from few empirical evidences. Interpretivism philosophy signifies the kind of social approach which depends on social science.

The researcher has used interpretivism philosophy in this study since it deals with qualitative research method for conducting this specific research that aligns with the impact of workers injury compensation towards the employee’s productivity.

There are two kinds of research approach- inductive approach and deductive approach. Inductive approach usually frames tentative hypothesis and explores few facts for drawing conclusion in research study. Deductive approach concerns with developing of hypothesis that relies on present concepts and theories and strategy designing to test the hypothesis.

In this specific research study, the researcher has adopted deductive approach in order to examine how the workers injury compensation designed by an enterprise influence the productivity of employees. This research approach has been used by the researcher in order to investigate known concept and theories as well as test whether the theory has been valid in given circumstances. In addition to this, this research approach has been preferred by the researcher as it involves less time and the occurrence of risk is less as compared to other research approach.

Data is collected by using two methods- primary and secondary. Secondary data is collected from journals articles, books, newspapers, websites and so on while primary data is collected from survey, interview, observations. Primary data has been classified into two types- qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative data has been analysed by applying statistical inferences and the procedure used to adhere quantitative research method are- surveys. On the contrary, qualitative research data signifies the objects that are classified based on certain properties and the process used for analysing qualitative data includes- interviews, archival materials and so on (Lewis, 2015).

Scope of the Report

The researcher has used primary data collection method for this particular research study. The researcher has conducted interview process in a hotel for gathering primary data. The researcher has prepared 15 open ended questionnaire for interviewing the manager of a hotel. This data collection technique has been adopted by the researcher since primary data has been considered as more reliable than secondary data.

The data analysis method that has been used for exploring the research topic involves- axial coding and general themes of open coding, The open coding themes are conducted through identification of particular theme. However, this has been deemed to be the vital task in qualitative research method. This coding is integrated in this specific research for position of transcript and identifying current themes. Furthermore, axial coding data analysis method has been integrated in this study as it considers disaggregation of main themes occurring in qualitative analysis.

There are several methods that are used for the sampling design namely- random sampling, cluster sampling, stratified sampling. In this study, the researcher has used random sampling as the sample are selected randomly from large population.

It usually determines the act of choosing respondents in order to involve in the statistical sample. In this study, the researcher has taken an interview of one hotel manager for obtaining accurate information about the workers injury compensation affecting employee’s productivity.

The researcher has to abide by certain rules and regulations while conducting the research study. In fact, ethical issues must be taken into account while formulating the research plan. In this study, the researcher has maintained confidentiality of information and not disclosed the manager’s identity as he wished to stay anonymous.  Also, the researcher has taken the consent of manager before starting the interview procedure.  Moreover, the researcher has made sure that delicate questions are not asked to the manager during interview process.

Even though several beneficial implications has been obtained from investigation, there are few limitations to this research study. The manager of the hotel whose interview has been taken hesitated to provide detailed information about their workers injury compensation package as they intends to show positive image of enterprise and therefore not revealing some major concerns.

According to Insurance Information Institute, the employers of an enterprise usually have legal responsibility to their workers to assure safe workplace. It has been evident from few studies that accidents still happen even when the enterprise are practicing right safety process as well as protocols. Now- a- days the organizations are designing their workers compensation policy in order to compensate injured workers on job for any kind of medical care, lost wages, rehabilitation owing to injury. In addition to this, workers injury compensation mainly protects the whole business from lawsuits that stems from accidents in workplace.

Literature Review

The findings of the research depicts that the enterprise requires workers compensation policy due to four reasons. These reasons are-

• It has become mandatory for every enterprise to carry workers compensation policy in order to make compliance with law
• Workers injury compensation facilitates to protect employees and retain them in work for longer period of time.
• The workers injury compensation is portable and vary across the states. Moreover, the whole coverage may be declined if the compensation policy is not designed properly.
• Workers injury compensation can positively impact the employees compensation premium payment. Few evidences reflect that better the accidents controlled, lower will be workers injury compensation premium payment.

As the kinds of workers injury compensation coverage varies across the states, it is vital for the enterprise to assure that it is appropriately endorsed for that country where it operates. The interview taken from the manager of a hotel points out that designation or job of employees is mainly taken into account to determine the compensation package. Few researchers have also found out that another important factor that determines worker’s compensation packages in an enterprise is the total contribution of worker’s job to the enterprise’s mission as well as objectives. The response obtained from the manager of hotel also highlights that the workers injury compensation package is also based on their skills as well as knowledge, performance, educational qualification and collective agreements with the unions. Few researcher have argued with the fact that the workers compensation is mainly based on the criteria that an employee knows management positions (Guo & Burton Jr, 2012). In fact, the manager of the hotel also pointed out that religious affiliation impacted the workers injury compensation packages in an enterprise. The interview taken from a manager of the hotel also pointed out that the employees working in hotels usually have high rates of illness as well as occupational injury as compared with other employees in other service sectors. The manager has also said that the room cleaners are mostly affected by diseases. Moreover, the research have highlighted that as the hotel industry has upgraded the guest service and integrated lean staffing, this leads to occupational injury. For this reason, the hotel industry have designed higher injury compensation packages for these employees who are in the duty of room cleaning. Owing to huge competitiveness in hotel industry, the hotels are designing new workers injury compensation policies in order to retain them in work and attract more skilled workers.

The research done on this project also highlights that the workers injury compensation packages enhanced their employees level of efficiency on job, which in turn enhances their productivity (Leigh & Marcin, 2012). Apart from this, the findings of research shows that the injury compensation packages for the workers also reduces workers turnover rate, absenteeism, builds good relation with staff and improves image of the enterprise. The manager of the hotel also agreed with the view that the employees are more willing to take extra duties owing to higher injury compensation packages. The research findings thereby reflects that the compensation packages for workers influenced their level of productivity positively, thus bringing about rise in total productivity in an enterprise. This in turn enhances the profitability level and improves the financial performance of the business.

Recent studies highlights that new compensation administration segment has been introduced by most of the enterprises, so that they can focus on planning, organizing and controlling direct as well as  indirect payments that the workers receive from work they mainly perform. The objectives of the compensation administration are- equitable pay, effective maintenance of productive labour force, compliance with the federal state and regulations that is based on affordability of an enterprise (Guo & Burton Jr, 2012).  The manager of hotel also agreed with the fact that the compensation administration in an enterprise designs the compensation structure at which the workers who perform better are usually given higher injury compensation as compared to that of average performing workers. The hotel manager also gives the opinion that this motivates the top- performing employees to work harder, which in turn enhances their productivity and performance. In addition to this, it also aids the managers to create competitive atmosphere within the enterprise. As per the response of managers and detailed research findings, it has been said that the compensation administration is one of the vital parts of human resource management (HRM) approach that aids the managers to manage employees within the organization (Cascio, 2018).

The researchers have also found out that inadequate benefits in form of less compensation package for workers injury contributes to employees low level of satisfaction and rise in absenteeism as well as turnover rate. This in turn results in lower productivity and negatively impacts their performance. The hotel manager is also of the opinion that well- designed workers injury compensation package as well as benefit plan enhances the employees job satisfaction level (Brinkmann, 2014) As employees becomes satisfied with the compensation package, they takes more risk in doing tough work. In such cases, an enterprise should always provide fair compensation to the employees in exchange of their services. The compensation plan which fulfils the workers requirements are likely to encourage them more to do the job or act in desired way.  Besides this, the research has also shown that when the workers injury compensation are properly managed by the administration, the employees have zeal to become regular at work. As per the hotel manager response, good injury compensation plans for workers also help the employees to increase their self- confidence. By gaining more confidence, the employees achieve success in their work. As a result, it boosts their productivity and performance level. This system thereby provides benefits to the enterprise in achieving good reputation in the marketplace.

Some findings of research study also shows that in few enterprises, there has been difference in compensation policy between the males and females. This highlights that gender discrimination still prevails in few enterprises (Burkhauser,  Schmeiser & Weathers, 2012). In this situation, the organization achieves less profit margins since few employees will oppose to provide best work. This in turn creates conflicts among the males and females and thus adversely impacts the workplace environment. The findings of research points out that if the worker gets injured with his own fault, then the enterprise does not compensate that money. Instead if any worker takes the risk in work and by any negligence gets hurt, then the enterprise is liable to compensate the money.

Several studies have reflected that there are some factors that influences workers injury compensation and thus this influences employees productivity. These factors involve- enterprise capacity to provide money to employees, responsibilities of an individual, stability of workers employment, relevant experience, conditions of labour market, attitude of managers, compensation policies, compensation surveys and so on. There are some common issues that are linked to workers injury compensation claims. These problems include – invalid claims, improper claim reporting, lack of the employers involvement, employers delay in reporting to insurance company, no return to the work program, failure in monitoring claims. Due to such problems, the injured workers faces huge difficulty in attaining benefits of compensation package (Mitchell & Beales, 2015). This in turn demotivates the workers to get back to work soon. As a result, this lowers the enterprise productivity and adversely impacts the business growth.

The interview of the manager of hotel has revealed that there are few employees in the hotel who are not satisfied with their work as their injury compensation package is less with respect to their worm. In this case, the manager becomes sole responsible to motivate these employees and place them in other department where the work is less. Moreover, in certain cases, the compensation administration satisfies them by giving them other rewards. Overall, the findings of research has shown that as the organizations have been operating in competitive business environment in the globalisation era, the management of these organizations have been designing compensation package in such a way that it benefits all the employees equally. Thus, this compensation system have huge impact on the performance of both the employees and organization.

• In some recent evidences, it has been seen that few enterprises have unfair works injury compensation policies. As a result, the employees becomes demoralized to do work that has been expected from them. In this case, the enterprise must create a committee where the workers fair compensation package will be discussed, so that it do not dissatisfy these workers.
• There are few organizations where the workers injury compensation policy has been different for males and females. However, in this case, several conflicts occurs within the enterprise due to such gender discrimination. Therefore, it is recommended that the these enterprise should design the compensation package equally for males and females, so that no conflicts occur and work culture improves.
• As the compensation system is used by the enterprise to attract as well as retain talented workers. Thus, for utilizing compensation system in effective way, the organization must provide fair compensation package to the injured workers based on their performance. This in turn will aid the managers of an enterprise to avoid dissatisfaction of workers and enhance workers morale.
• The enterprises should also change their workers injury compensation system after analysing the other competitors, such that the best employees can be retained within the organization. In addition to this, it will also help the enterprise to gain competitive advantage over its competitors.
• The research also highlights that as some of the enterprises adopts compensation administration, there occurs few difficulties in the compensation programs due to numerous unforeseen social, economic and legal constraints. Therefore, on the basis of these research findings, it is suggested that those enterprise who wants to assure rise in employees productivity must assure that the enterprise compensation system should involve proper policies, rules and procedures in order to give unambiguous administration as well as determination of the employees injury compensation.
• In order to lessen the workers injury compensation package, an enterprise must make its workplace environment safe. This in turn will protect their employees from any kind of injuries. As a result, the employers will have to provide less compensation for workers injury and thus benefit in terms of higher profit margin.
• The enterprise should also provide different accommodation options such as physical accommodations, change in schedule. This in turn will permit the injured worker to complete the work during his recovery. As a result, this form of compensation will facilitate the employee to do the work easily and increase their productivity.
• An enterprise must create a committee where the compensation package for all workers will be made. However, the main objective of the committee will be to resolve any kind of issues regarding fair compensation package.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that there is positive relationship between workers injury compensation and employees productivity. The managers of an enterprise have explained the fact that there are mainly several factors that influences compensation system of the respective enterprise. These factors might be either internal or external. Internal factors means that if an enterprise do not have the capability to pay the amount as mentioned in the compensation package. On the other hand, the external factors are the regulations of the government of the respective nations that impacts the change in compensation system due to some other conditions. The qualitative research method adopted by the researcher helped to obtain accurate outcome of the research study. Apart from this, the manager of the hotel who has been interviewed facilitated the researcher to attain detail information about the research topic in easier way. In fact, the response obtained from the manager of hotel also helped the researcher to identify the problems that an enterprise face relating to workers injury compensation package. The questionnaire that has been prepared by the manager for taking the interview of hotel manager aids the researcher to gather the information about how higher compensation package for workers injury boost their morale and motivate them to work harder. Hence, the other findings of research also shows that well – designed compensation package of workers improves the performance of the enterprise as the employees becomes highly productive.

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