Definition of Protected Areas
Wilson (2017) opines that in terms of geography and the current environmental scene, the concept of protected environment holds major factor as without the mentioned concept, most of the areas which are under danger due to the events of poaching or manmade exploitation of the natural resources will be open to the other people who consider the illegal and other cruel activities in the environement.
The introduction to the concept of protected areas in terms of the geographical requirements is the fact that due to the protected areas and their importance in the same, the major balance of the nature is still being maintained. It has been argued by many environmentalist that protected areas is one of the very base of the conservation and the maintaince of the geographical zones of the world which help to make sure that each of the protected areas of the world are being analysed in the same manner (Cunningham 2014).
However, in the said terms it can be stated that the conservation of the protected areas is not achieved in the very concept in which it should be determined. The report here highlights the concept of protected areas with the reasons for having the same in the geographical reasons. The key issues in relation to the existence of protected areas is being analysed which also leads to the analytical overview of the protected areas that are present in the various parts of New Zealand and the other parts of the world The recommendations to the management for the protection of the areas is also being stated in the following paragraphs.
1. Definition of Protected Areas
According to Edgar et al. (2014) the protected areas or the areas of conservation in the ecological balance are defined as the areas under the required ecological and geographical zones which are present in the world which receive protection and other kind of conservation facilities due to a specific and moderate zones of ecological, natural and even cultural uniqueness. It is to be highlighted that the protected areas of the world are varied based on the kinds of laws and orders that are being regulated by the government of the specified countries.
The importance of the protected areas of the world lies in the fact that the conservation and the protection of the laws and the areas are done by the involvement of the international organizations which are devoted to the preservation of the cases in the required sections (Mace, 2014). Without the protection of the required areas, it is to be argued that the world ecological balance will come to a standstill.
In addition to this, Socolar (2013) opines that there are a number of protected areas which are to be considered for the concept of protected areas in the majority of the time namely the Strict Nature Reserve, the Wilderness area, National park, Natural monument, Species Management area, protected landscape and even marine protected areas and protected areas that allow sustainable use of the natural resources present. All these kinds of protected areas are meant to analyse the varied kinds of protection that the landscape requires and are adhered to the geographical balance that has to be created to maintain the ecology (Turner, 2015).
Reasons for having protected areas
2. Reasons for having protected areas
Protection is the cause of the multiple hamper that the humans and their development have caused to the natural world which are also related to the overall fact of the protection of the environment. According to Green (2014), the protection of the different natural parks and places in the various countries including New Zealand is there because of the certain reasons that are being addressed in global sense. Without the protection of the conserved area, the balance of the world is not achieved which again has significant problems in the due course of time. There are multiple reasons for having protected areas in the world which are as follows –
- Conservation of wild plants and animals –One of the prime reasons for having the protected areas is the conservation of wild plants and animals in the desired place. According to the views of Kremen (2015), the conservation of wild plants and animals is one of the prime reasons and needs that are required in the modern world which is achieved through protection without which the natural flora and fauna of the world will not be balanced.
- Sustenance of knowledge for the indigenous people –Accoridng to Ban (2014) the knowledge and the sustenance of life for the indigenous people is also determined by the protection of the areas and conservation of the facts. Through the process, better life of the people who are native to the place are achieved.
- Prevent climate change –The prevention of climate change is another factor that needs to be addressed to make sure that the protection of the place are getting all the required benefit. The protection is to make sure that the climate of the place is changed due to specific reasons. Without protection, the act of climate change will be deciphered as one of the most problematic of the means.
- Maintenance of functioning ecosystem –According to the statement of Kueffer and Kaiser-Bunbury(2014), the maintenance of the functioning ecosystem is to measure the changes that are being done due to protection and conservation. The protection of the act is to maintain the varied ecosystem of the world and to make sure that each of the species of the world have their own base to live.
- Improve overall health –The improvement of overall health is dependent on the ecosystem by the fact of preservation of the ecological system. The improvement of the overall health is dependent on the nature and the natural objects of the world making the argument that protection is necessary mandatory.
- Maintain diversity –One of the prime reasons for the protection of the natural being is the maintenance of diversity which caters to both the plant and the animal kingdom (Jennings et al. 2014). The maintenance of diversity is there to make sure that each of the conservation of the environment is done without which no animal or plant can sustain in this world.
- Celebration of cultural heritage –The celebration of the cultural heritage is done by the protection of the areas and also by the fact that each of the cultural heritage of the self is to be maintained in the proportionate manner.
- Conserve vital gene pools –The conservation of the gene pools is also one of the major reasons for the protection of the act. The scope for the further research and development is also being maintained to use them for the future use of the pools (Armstrong, 2015).
3. Key Issues in identifying the protected areas
There are a number of key issues that are being addressed in the protected areas of the world which are as follows –
Development of cities –One of the key issues in finding the protected areas are the development of cities that has been done in the protected zones. In accordance to the statements of Rees (2017), the key issues in the development of the cities lies in the fact that with the immense development, the natural stability of the place gets disturbed that affects the overall problems of the country in the measured period of time. It has also been argued that the development of cities also calls for industrialization which means that the people of the cities are gaining proper industrial approach to the whole matter (Rees 2017).
Agriculture –Agriculture though one of the major aspects of the human civilization is one of the major forces that make the destruction of the conservation process active. It has been argued that the agricultural activities of the human civilization that make the place not suitable for the conservation of wildlife that affects the overall sense of the system in the major manner (Queiroz et al. 2014). The agricultural activity of the whole system should be controlled for the protection of the place.
Mining –Mining is another major activity that is against the concept of the protection and makes sure that the whole purpose should be stopped to make sure that the wildlife is to be analysed in the proper manner. It has to be stated that the mining of the place is done and protected to make sure that the protection of the environment is done without which the protection of the place would not be achieved.
Human Intervention –In terms of the statement of Hackett & Dissanayake (2014), human intervention in matters related to the protection of life and the biological diversity is one of the major instances that should be done to make sure that the preservation of natural sustenance is being addressed. According to the argumentative point, human intervention though harmful for the human race, it is to be seen that it is really not essential for the maintaince of the ecological balance. The human intervention is to be done to make sure that protection of the natural forces is made along with conservation.
Key Issues in identifying the protected areas
Recreation –The recreation of natural substance and places is another major reason that demands protection in the longer period of time. The recreation method is to be maintained to give the ample evidence to the whole scenario and also to have proper evidence of the recreated process. It has been argued by many that the process of recreation is one of the basis of conservation and protection without which the process of environmental balance is not achieved.
Deforestation –Deforestation means the cutting down of trees and so it is one of the key issues that demands active protection in the places that deserves most. The deforestation of the issues are being done for the addressing the major factors of the protection act and law without which the act of conservation is to be done without an issue.
4. Reasons for choosing New Zealand as case study
New Zealand is chosen as a case study for the reason that it is one of the isolated nations from the rest of the world located in Southern Hemisphere. According to Armstrong et al. (2015), the country has a number of flora and fauna specifications, some of which are prone to extinction in the considerable part of time. The country has a rich heritage of ecological balance which needs protection and even have issues regarding the same (Rees 2017). The country can be a potential source of information required for the analysis.
5. Protected areas of New Zealand
The protected places of New Zealand are the places situated within the country that are environmentally, historically and culturally valuable to the country and need protection to make it even safe from all the sources. In New Zealand, nearly 30% of the land which is under public ownership is under protection of the law (Laitos & Zellmer, 2015). The country is famous for protecting the land bounded by the scenic and historic implications of the country.
Conservation parks are the places under the public protected areas that are protected against the Conservation Act 1987 to protect and help the natural balance to be in place and to facilitate the public recreation and other aspects of the same thing. There are a number of parks in the country of New Zealand that are under the subject of Conservation Park after adhering to the rule in 1987. The parks that are under the Conservation park area are as follows
In the provision of New Zealand, the ministry and the department for the conservation for the natural sources have set up five mainland islands which are there to ensure that the biological and ecological balance of the islands are being maintained and also made to have the required amount of natural preservation balance. The five mainland islands are there in the country which are as follows
These islands are there and conserved by the people of the department of New Zealand authorities to make sure that the islands are maintained and referred for the further purpose. The whole concept of making a place eligible for the conservation of the natural states is to make sure that that each of the aspects of the natural bodies are being there to conserve and preserve the ecological aspects of the place.
Along with the other types of reserves are the island reserves which are basically sanctuaries that are there located on the off-shore islands which are being preserved by the Department of Conservation in the premises of New Zealand in the matters of time (Pokines & Baker, 2014). The various types of Island Reserves that are located in the New Zealand province are the Islands of Blumine, The Brothers Island, The Codfish Island, The Kapiti Island, The Little Barrier Island, The Mana Island, The Maud Island, The Poor Knights, The Resolution Island, The Stephens Island, The Stewart Island and others.
Other than the following types of reserves, there are the marine reserves that are there to make sure that even the water body of the country are being protected and acted upon to maintain the sustainability of the resources (Chambers, Simmons and Wackernagel 2014). The marine reserves of the country totally include almost 32 of the total reserves of the country with two of them lying on the islands. Some of the major marine reserves are Akaroa Marine Reserve, The Campbell Marine Reserve, The Hawea Marine Reserve, The Kahurangi Marine Reserve and others.
The national parks of the country are created to make sure that the world forest place for the overall country of New Zealand are protected and wild animals have their own lives. The list of national parks in New Zealand are The Abel Tasman National Park, The Nelson Lakes National Park, The Paparoa National Park, The Arthur’s Park National Park, The Egmont National Park and others.
According to the Reserves Act of 1977 under Section 16.the national reserves are defined as the places which have national importance, historic and ecological values to the places and contribute majorly to the whole event. The natural reserves of New Zealand include Cook Landing Site National Reserve, The Lewis Pass National Reserve, and The New Zealand Subantarctic Islands (Chambers, Simmons and Wackernagel, 2014).
Auty (2017) opines that regional parks are there which are maintained by the regional councils and are there as the local government bodies. There are a number of regional parks that are there in the province of New Zealand which are as follows – Ambury National Park, The Hunua Ranges Regional Park, The Omana Regional Park, The Pakiri Regional Park, The Shakespear Regional Park and others.
Other than the mentioned there are World Heritage Sites in New Zealand namely TeWahipounamu, Tongariro National Park and New Zealand Subantarctic Islands and the private reserves like Hinewai Reserve (Chambers, Simmons and Wackernagel, 2014). All these places are protected by law and are under the subjugation of the government for the benefit of the country and protection of natural bodies.
6. Relevant issues regarding protected areas
There are a number of key issues that are there in the protected areas of New Zealand which are as follows –
- Firstly, the poor representation of the habitats in the protected areas is one of the major problems that is there in the protected areas of New Zealand. According to Hackett and Dissanayake (2014), there are a number of habitats in New Zealand which are not presented in the protected areas though the need for that is there especially in the case of marine habitats.
- The second problems is the connection between the protected areas of New Zealand. The different areas of New Zealand are not well protected which calls for the fact that the animals residing at one place cannot find food and mate elsewhere making this a problem (Pokines & Baker 2014).
- The third issue regarding protected areas of New Zealand is the lack of funds which is there in the wholesome government place (List 2016). The lack of funds has eventually failed to stop poaching and any other illegal activity of the world.
The following example can be cited here.
New Zealand is known for the conservation of its plants and animals in one of the most effective manners. There are a number of birds, frogs and reptiles that are under the bracket of conservation along with the mammals like bats and marine animals. According to Chambers, Simmons and Wackernagel (2014), there are a number of birds that are critically under the severe need for protection and conservation including the Australian Bittern, Black Stilt, Chatham Island Shag, grey duck, Pitt Island Shag, Rock Wren and others.
These kinds of birds when put under the bracket of conservation need to implement a number of problems in their working of the attainment of the conservation in the place. The whole case of protection is to be guided by the laws, orders and social pressures which include hunting and poaching. Even illegal exporting is one of the many problems that is being faced by the conservation of the cases (Mace 2014). The nationally critical birds have to be conserved with the required forces to make sure that each of the species of the world have the desired advantage of the same action like the others.
7. Recommendations for the management of protected areas in future
There are a number of ways in which the protected areas of New Zealand can be conserved to make sure that the management of the same can have effective control over the whole matter in the time. The recommendations for the management of the protected areas are as follows –
- Strategic Management Plans – The strategic management plan is drawn by the administration of the authorities and the departments that are deliberately taken to make the plans that are to be assessed for the management of the protected areas. The strategic plans are more generalised in nature which make it a fact that one of the major aspects of the whole scene is the strategic plans management of the protection places (Sonderegger et al. 2015). According to me, the strategic plans of the protected places in New Zealand is one of the major issues that need to be addressed. Proper plans regarding the management can be maintained and also the strategies for the sustenance of the ecological balance of the place are to be adhered.
- Operational Management Plans – According to List (2016), the operational management plans of the protected areas of New Zealand is to be done and maintained to make sure that the operations of the department are to be made according to the plans. The operations of the departments is to be made sure that each of the operational plan of the department of the environmental protection is to be analysed keeping in the minds the various aspect. In my opinion, poaching and other cases are to be stopped to make sure that the operations of the team are to be assessed in the particular time.
- Management Task – The role of the management is to make sure that the recommendations that are being given by the operations and the strategic developer are to be acted upon so that the management of the required department are given adequate task to manage the required and also to make sure that the management of the concerned department are to be analysed in the same manner. I feel that the role of management is one of the pivotal in this case.
- Norwegian Nature Inspectorate – The Norwegian Nature Inspectorate is responsible for the environmentally facilities. In the views of List (2016), the environmental factors are both concerned with the private and public properties that are being assessed in terms of the environmental factors assessed in the same manner. The Norwegian Nature inspects the facts that are related to the environment of the place and are related to the adherence of the natural instincts of the manner. The inspector inspects the environmental facts of the overall tactics of the matter. According to me, the laws and orders should be followed with strict approach.
At last, it can be said that protection of the environmentally conserved case is to make sure that the New Zealand culture and the other factors are addressed in the same manner. The report deals with the various concepts of the protected zones and are also related to the overall protected zones of New Zealand in the matter of time. The different matters of the protection of the places in New Zealand are listed along with the key issues of the protected areas that are there in the country. Alongside, the factors that make the protection of the land necessary are stated with the recommendations and the various strategies that are to be implemented in the country for the protection of the conservation sites and their effects. The report is the analyse of the environment of the New Zealand along with the conservation place with the places that are ecologically important.
8. References
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