Essential Principles of Integrated Project Delivery
The integrated project delivery is a process to collaborate business structure, systems practices and people to utilize the skills and talents of all the participants to achieve an improved result. The integrated project is useful to deliver a project successfully to achieve a desired goals and objectives. The integrated project delivery is used in context with construction industry that often suffers with productivity related problems. The integrated project delivery in construction is used to completely integrate project groups or teams to utilize their full potential to improve project result (Jones 2016). The main aim of integrated project delivery is to optimize effectiveness and efficiency of different phases of integrated project delivery and minimizing waste. The context of this assignment is to provide a brief detail of integrated project delivery through a case study in this report. The case study taken in this report is a Malaysian construction industry that deals with waste issues (Nawi et al. 2014). The case study is briefly described in this report using integrated project delivery and its various aspects. The case study is presented in this report to briefly define the integrated project delivery and it’s working. The purpose of this report is to analyze integrated project delivery using a chosen case study in this report and to evaluate integrated project delivery using various aspects.
The structure of this report is as follows. The literature or theory on integrated project delivery including details and problems is provided. The case study outline including business conditions, stakeholders, organization structure, client requirements and operation needs. The key objectives of integrated project delivery for the case study including various aspects are shown. The integrated project delivery strategy including introduction of strategy, integrated project delivery management plan, information technology support infrastructure. The evaluation of strategy including process bottle necks, barriers, conflict, stressors and other aspects is presented.
The integrated project delivery is a useful method that is used in construction industry to deliver a successful project. It helps in achieving the project delivery through people collaboration. The essential principles of integrated project delivery are given as follows.
Mutual benefit- The members are mutually benefitted from the integrated project delivery that helps them to encourage, collaborate and efficient in the project delivery. This results in improved project delivery and successful completion of project (Campion, Thiel and Bilec 2017).
Definition of early goal- The goals are defined early through agreement from different people that contributes in achievement of successful project. This results in better system improvement that helps to achieve common goals.
Steps of Integrated Project Delivery Process
Mutual respect- The mutual respect is necessary in integrated project delivery as it helps to manage the collaboration of people in project delivery (Nawi et al. 2014). This results in better collaboration and cooperation of participants.
Communication is enhanced- The communication is essential as it helps to improve the team performance. This results in open and honest interaction to increase and improve integrated project delivery.
Open Standards are clearly defined- The open and data exchanges that are interoperable are based on a data structure that is disciplined and transparent (Jones 2016). This results in enhanced communications and to minimize cost of practices.
Suitable technology- The suitable technology is required for integrated project delivery that helps to make the project delivery a successful achievement. This result in increased functionality, interoperability and generality related with project.
Increased performance- The increased performance is the ultimate goal of integrated project delivery that helps to achieve goals and objectives (Azhar, Kang and Ahmad 2014). These results in design solutions that are optimized, increased performance building and design that are sustainable.
Leadership- The participants are committed to achieve project goals and in this process there is requirement of a leadership that manages the project delivery. This results in achieving a professional objective of project delivery.
The steps of integrated project delivery process help to determine the projects in construction industry that reduces waste, cutting of budgets and productivity is improved. They are given as follows.
Conceptualism- The conceptualism is the step that minimizes errors and re-design issues to achieve the main goals and objectives.
Design- The design is the step that incorporates regulations of construction code into the process of design and hence produces savings for participants and minimizes waste.
Implementation- The implementation is the step that analyzes the proposed systems in the integrated project delivery (Campion, Thiel and Bilec 2017).
Construction- The construction is the step that helps to smoothly run the project delivery without any delays, design conflicts are reduced and extra works are reduced.
Operation- The operation is the step that reduces operational costs and maintenance costs related to integrated project delivery.
The problems of integrated project delivery are as follows. The first challenge is integrated project delivery is not appropriate for smaller projects. The second challenge is insurance problems where old insurance forms cannot provide what is expected. The third challenge is legal problems that affect integrated project delivery. The fourth challenge is competitive pricing that affects the integrated project delivery.
Problems of Integrated Project Delivery
The case study chosen in this report describes Malaysian Construction of Maxis Tower, an office skyscraper in area of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia (Skyscrapercenter.com, 2018). This construction project helps in understanding integrated project delivery more briefly. The Maxis tower is a 49 storey building with a height of 212m. The construction of project was done by KLCC Properties Holdings Berhand who has also built the Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia (En.wikipedia.org, 2018). The architect of Maxis Tower is Roche-Dinkeloo. The construction project use integrated project delivery is used in a construction industry and the scale on which the case study is based in large that requires larger integrated project delivery. The business environment conditions of the Malaysian construction industry are that the industry is facing challenges associated with cost ineffectiveness and process inefficiency (Jones 2016). The traditional processes of construction have resulted in decreased efficiency of the project in Malaysian construction industry. The stakeholders related Maxis Tower are the engineers, architectures, other consultants, sponsor, users, project manager, investors, trade contractors and material suppliers. The other stakeholders that are important are Malaysian Federal Government and organization authorities. The organizational structure of the Maxis Tower construction building in Malaysian is that there are financial department, human resources department, project department, purchasing department, engineering department and marketing department. The organization works in a way that financial department ensures cash flow of company that leads to ensuring sufficient funds for projects (Campion, Thiel and Bilec 2017). The human resource departments of Maxis Tower are responsible to recruit staff and their training to benefit employee relationships and benefits of organization. The purchasing department of the building works in way to manage purchasing of materials and resources for daily needs of company. The project department works towards scheduling, maintaining and managing of projects that are assigned to complete the project delivery. The engineering department works towards planning of projects through surveys, researches, analyzing and planning of projects. The marketing team of Maxis Tower is concerned towards activities related to public relations marketing and sales. The key client requirements of the construction industry are that they want outputs on suitable budgets and effective project with their requirements taken into accounts. The key client requirements are better understanding of the project nature, their requirements, strong relationship between client requirements and company’s resources. The key building operation needs cost effective resources, process technologies, capacity, facilities, vertical integration and minimizing waste. These are the major requirements of Malaysian construction industry as per the case study. These are the essential part in Malaysian construction industry as given in the case study that relates with dealing waste issue in the industry and cost effectiveness (Hermann, Hermann and McGlohn 2015). Thus, the case study Maxis Tower construction building is defined through integrated project delivery and the impact IPD on building the project.
Case Study of Maxis Tower
Figure 1: IPD Strategy and Objectives of the Matrix Tower
(Source: Created by Author)
Figure 2: IPD Management of the Matrix Tower
(Source: Created by Author)
Figure 3: IT Infrastructure of the Matrix Tower
(Source: Created by Author)
The key objectives of integrated project delivery are to minimize the construction waste and achieve cost effective project delivery in the of the Matrix Tower construction case. The minimizing of construction waste is depicted by the process map to identify and understand the primary flows in the integrated project delivery of Malaysian construction industry case. The focus of integrated project delivery is to minimize the construction waste in the chosen case study. The information processes are described as construction waste will be reduced using integrated project delivery in the given case study. The process map shows the key objectives of integrated project delivery of the Matrix Tower Construction. The process map helps to identify the main goals and objectives of the Matrix Tower. This will help to become the foundation for the next stages in integrated project delivery in construction. The primary flows are physical waste of construction industry that is important in integrated project delivery for the Malaysian industry. The phases of process map are cost overrun, time overrun, non-material and material that are important for building the Matrix Tower. The interaction across flows shows that the construction wastes that are characterized in physical and non-physical waste must be identified to work upon it accordingly.
Strategy Introduction
The strategy of the integrated project delivery is to make the projects of the Matrix Tower building is cost effective and waste is reduced. This will help in managing the construction projects (Rowlinson 2017). The integrated project delivery for Matrix Tower building is briefly described through process maps that will help in managing the construction waste.
IPD Management Plan
The management structure of integrated project delivery for the given case study is described as follows.
The management structure involves management operations that includes procurement, contract, interactions and collaborations and maintenance that also involves building and data and how to cope with the changes through training and support activities. The management structure finally involves handling of problems and learning.
Management Operations
The management operations for given case study are described through the following aspects of the integrated project management plan.
Procurement- The procurement process in the given case study includes five major steps and they are specification, selection, contracting, control and measurement. The procurement process for Matrix Tower building is that specify the key participants for the project delivery. The selection of key participants and stakeholders in minimizing the waste of construction industry (Nawi et al. 2014). The contracting is to make collaboration with the stakeholders and key participants in the project delivery. The control of management process related to project delivery of the case study. The measurement of project delivery management that helps to perform the system indicators that impact the effectiveness of the entire process.
Organizational Structure, Client Requirements, and Operation Needs
Contract-The contract related with the Matrix Tower building is often referred to as integrated project delivery agreement. The contract includes primary design of industry, primary builder and owner in the contract. As per the contract, signatories in the given case study of Matrix Tower building are owner, lead builder and lead designer (Jones 2016). The other secondary signatories are lead engineer, architects and others. The contract for the given case study also shows budgets for the design, construction and the team having shared contingency. That helps to deliver project on time and within the budget.
Interactions and Collaborations- The interactions and collaborating is needed in a construction site for maintaining collaboration among all the employees involved in the construction the project Matrix Tower. There should be proper interaction in in between all the employees of the company for successful delivering of the project (Campion, Thiel and Bilec 2017).
Maintenance- The construction process should maintain all the systems that are related with the construction projects. All the system should be upgraded from time to time to maintain the processes in the system of the case study.
IT support infrastructure
EIR (Employer’s Information Requirements)-The EIR mainly defines information that are actually required by employer from their internal team as well as from the suppliers for development of project in Malaysia. Awhile building the Matrix Tower building in Malaysia, all the operation that are needed to complete the building construction is also defined in the EIR (Employer’s Information Requirement). The information that are relevant from EIR are needed in the procurement document for appointing the supplier (Manata et al. 2018). By evaluating the EIR, the employer can directly appoint a supplier which includes the advisors, contractors, and consultants associated with the company. The prospective suppliers mainly responds to the EIR (Employer’s Information Requirement) along with pre-contract BIM execution plan that are needed for their proposed approach, capability as well as capacity that are to be evaluated.
The development process of the EIR (Employer’s Information Requirement) is mostly to be an interactive process in Malaysia. The process of development of the EIR are listed below.
- Firstly while constructing the Matrix Tower building, the EIR might be a simple requirement of information process map that identifies the main decision of the construction company that are needed during execution of the project (Mollaoglu-Korkmaz, Miller and Sun 2014). The information is needed to develop a satisfied business solution for the project. All the terms related to information that are needed to make the decision in the organization are defined properly.
- The EIR helps to identify all the required material, performance information, functional information related to the floors, spaces, and facilities.
- With the progress of the construction process of Matrix Tower building, the EIR identifies more requirements that are specific related to the proposed project and the building component for supporting the procurement process (Hermann, Hermann and McGlohn 2015).
- At the project closure, the EIR defines the information that were needed for supporting the maintenance as well as operation involved in the system and all the components that were installed to carry out the construction project in
The EIR that is used in a construction project should clearly define the information related to the requirement of all the supplier and then describes the information of deliverables that is expected that are involved in the documents, model files, and the structured information. The EIR should also define how the information should be exchanged and exactly when the information is to be exchanged in the life cycle of the project.
Figures depicting IPD Strategy and Objectives, IPD Management Plan, and IT Infrastructure
The type of EIR will mainly depend on complexity of the construction project in Malaysia. The EIR that is used in Matrix Tower building defines the experience as well as the requirements of employers associated with the construction project (El Asmar, Hanna and Loh 2015). The employer who are experienced needs to develop all the details in the EIR (Employer’s Information Requirement) and others who are involved in the project will have to set the high level requirements and define some basic rules for the suppliers who are responsible for meeting the requirements of the proposed project.
The EIR (Employer’s Information Requirement) will include the following when it is depended on employee.
- There should be standard procedures as well as methods that defines the process about how the information is created, named as well as exchanged.
- The responsibilities and the roles that are related to information gives perfect definition for the role that are information related with the project site and also defines about what information is expected from the roles in the constructing the tower (Jones 2014).
- The information plan of delivery or the releasing schedule mainly identifies the information that are to be actually delivered and also defines who will deliver the information and the exact time about when the data will be delivered (Hermann, Hermann and McGlohn 2015).
- The employer should also develop a COBie demand matrix that are needed for identifying the structure data about the facility, floors, zones, and the building components.
BEP (The Building Information Modelling Execution Plan) – The BIM, commonly known as Building Information Modelling is basically a digital representation of the physical as well as functional characteristics of facility. For implementing successful the BIM (Building Information Modelling) while constructing the Matrix Tower, the project team needs to perform a detailed and a comprehensive planning (Campion, Thiel and Bilec 2017). The BIM project that is well documented ensures that all stakeholders who are involved with the construction project should be aware of all opportunities and all the responsibilities that are associated with incorporation of the BIM in the workflow of the project in Malaysia. When the BIM project execution is done, then the plan can be made ready for developing the BIM execution plan. The BEP is described as a plan that is prepared by the suppliers to explain about the information modelling aspect of the project that is to be carried out.
Collaboration Protocols- The term collaboration protocol is defined as a protocol that defines a well-defined set of actions that are to be carried out by the employees who are associated with the construction projects of Malaysia. Collaboration protocols are basically processes that are structured in step by step process. The collaboration protocol makes the employees to be in a boundary of protocol that the company follows. This helps the company to work properly and maintain an equality in the organization.
Explanation:
The rich picture for the construction process that is shown above shows all the management processes that are included in a construction project of Malaysia.
In management team of the Malaysian construction projects, there should be a set of management in the construction project team that manages the whole process of construction in the team. The rich picture also shows an IPD (Integrated Project Delivery) who helps to manage all the processes involved in the construction project.
The team of construction management should also contain IT supporting management team who handles all the issues with the Information Technology in the construction project. The work of the Information Technology management team is to handle all the issues related to Information technology in the company.
The construction company in Malaysia should also waste magement process and the recycling management process. There are many waste that comes out from a construction site. The construction site deals with recyclable as well as non-recyclable items that are to be managed properly. There should be a team of waste management who deals with the waste from the management. There should also be a recyclable management team who deals with the managing process of the products that can be recycled.
Conclusion
From this report, it can be concluded that the integrated project delivery (IPD) is basically used in context of construction industry, which often suffers the productivity of all the related problems in the construction project. From this report is can studied that IPD is very essential for construction project in Malaysia. This report gives theory on the details of integrated project delivery and the problems that the construction projects involves while dealing with the management of construction. There is a case study that is explained in this report that outlines the business conditions, stakeholders, organization structure, client requirements and operation needs. From this report, the main objectives of integrated project delivery for the case study including various aspects can be studied. The integrated project delivery strategy including introduction of strategy, integrated project delivery management plan, information technology support infrastructure are also explained clearly in this report. The evaluation of strategy including process bottle necks, barriers, conflict, stressors and other aspects can also be studied in detailed from this report.
References
Azhar, N., Kang, Y. and Ahmad, I.U., 2014. Factors influencing integrated project delivery in publicly owned construction projects: an information modelling perspective. Procedia Engineering, 77, pp.213-221.
Campion, N., Thiel, C.L. and Bilec, M., 2017. Advancing the US Building Industry: A Framework Aligning Life Cycle Assessment and Integrated Project Delivery. Sustainable Cities and Society.
El Asmar, M., Hanna, A.S. and Loh, W.Y., 2015. Evaluating integrated project delivery using the project quarterback rating. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(1), p.04015046.
En.wikipedia.org. (2018). Maxis Tower. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxis_Tower [Accessed 23 May 2018].
Hermann, M.M., Hermann, H.C. and McGlohn, E.M., 2015. Educating Integrated Project Delivery Educators: A Study on the Source of IPD Knowledge Among Educators. In Proceedings of the Associated Schools of Construction Annual International Conference.
Jones, B., 2014. Integrated project delivery (IPD) for maximizing design and construction considerations regarding sustainability. Procedia Engineering, 95, pp.528-538.
Jones, B., 2016. Public Private Initiatives (PPI) facilitated through Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) for Maximizing Design and Construction Value. SCESCM 2016, p.2.
Manata, B., Miller, V., Mollaoglu, S. and Garcia, A.J., 2018. Measuring Key Communication Behaviors in Integrated Project Delivery Teams. Journal of Management in Engineering, 34(4), p.06018001.
Mollaoglu-Korkmaz, S., Miller, V.D. and Sun, W., 2014. Assessing key dimensions to effective innovation implementation in interorganizational project teams: an Integrated Project Delivery case. Engineering Project Organization Journal, 4(1), pp.17-30.
Nawi, M.N.M., Haron, A.T., Hamid, Z.A., Kamar, K.A.M. and Baharuddin, Y., 2014. Improving Integrated Practice through Building Information Modeling-Integrated Project Delivery (BIM-IPD) for Malaysian Industrialised Building System (IBS) Construction Projects. Malaysia Construction Research Journal (MCRJ), 15(2), pp.29-38.
Rowlinson, S., 2017. Building information modelling, integrated project delivery and all that. Construction Innovation, 17(1), pp.45-49.
Skyscrapercenter.com. (2018). Menara Maxis – The Skyscraper Center. [online] Available at: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/menara-maxis/1419 [Accessed 28 May 2018].
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