The Internet of Things (IoT)
Discuss about the IoT Security and Privacy Regime/Challenges in Domains of IoT.
Here, the literature will be reviewed through the concept for IoT on security/privacy issues and also the challenges faced by IoT domains. It also outlines different uses of the internet of things and what might occur in future regarding security/privacy of IoT.
The Internet of Things (IoT)
According to (Kuryel, 2015), Internet of Things refers to a scenario where the objects, animals, and people are given a unique identifier or an ability to move data through a network with no interaction between the humans or an interaction between the humans with the computers. IoT has developed from the group of technologies which are wireless, systems of microelectromechanical together with the Internet. From the word Internet of Things, it refers to a person who has a monitor implant in their body. The monitoring implant can be a biochip transponder in a farm animal, an automobile with a built-in sensor which alerts a driver in case tire pressure has low and any natural/ human-made object which can be given the IP address or provided an ability to move data through a network (Mihr, 2017). Internet of Things used to be referred as the control networks, it was described at the IEEE Spectrum to moving the small packets in a data to the large group of nodes to integrate or automate all home appliances and the entire factories. The control networks which were operating locally could be connected to an Internet or intranets in which information could pass from any place and anybody to anything. Therefore, People could easily reach things and also the other people (Singh, Tripathi, and Jara, 2014).
In the 1960s, communication between two computers was made possible through a computer network was used to make communication among two computers easy. Later, mobile internet was made through the connection of mobile devices with the internet (Roman, Lopez and Mambo, 2018). The coming up of the social networking, made the users to be connected through the Internet. Now objects can connect and communicate to one other without any human intervention. Throughout the recent decade, IoT has acquired important attention both in academia and in the industry of information technology. The main goal involves coming up with the best world to the human beings, in which objects within us can know likes of people, their wants and their needs and respond well (Namyslowska and Joblonowska, 2017).
Growth and Application of Internet of Things
(Jones, Ruddell and Leyton, 2014) Stated that the rapid growth is because objects can be equipped with minuscule recognizing devices and machine-readable recognizers which will be tasked with transforming life daily through several good ways. The ability of a person to work with the objects has been interfered with remotely by immediate and current needs, through the available end-user agreements (Kvellheim, 2017). For instance, that kind of technology enables more strong control to the content creators or owners for their creations through better application of copyright restrictions with the management.
According to Kuryel, (2015), the high cost of IoT implementation is one of the main challenges. Technology is used in IoT to connect tangible objects to the Internet. In IOT ways of growing, the cost incurred in the components which are used to protect capabilities like the sensing, the tracking and the control mechanisms required to be very cheap in future. Another main concern is the privacy. Securing of data and the privacy makes it a major challenge to convince users to shift into the new technologies. The concerns about the privacy and protection of data are widespread, especially in the form of sensors or the smart tags that can track movements of the user, behaviors or ongoing preferences. Unseen and fixed data exchange among things or people, and among things with other things, happens in a place, where the owners don’t know or the originators of the data (Jones, Ruddell and Leyton, 2014). Systems of IoT should deal with the high degree to work together so that the information can be processed across a value chain (Chang, Chiu, Ramachandran and Liu, 2018). Various industries nowadays use several standards to protect their applications. Availability of many types of data together with heterogeneous devices, standard interfaces used between all the diverse entities is important.
People often use the term theory to mean a form of thinking, possibility or assumption which is often very subjective, not proven and easily dismissed as personal opinion. Few theories were developed and can be used to show and support the hypothesis of the Internet of Things. Here are some of these theories:
The theory explains how the reason and the rate at which new ideas together with the technology spread among cultures. (Alabdulsalam, Schaefer, Kechadi and Le-khac, 2018) Said diffusion refers to a process where innovation is transferred by some channels for a time between the members in the social system. Accordingly, this can be used to explain why IoT has widely spread through all social system. DoI will seek to explain how innovation like
Challenges Facing IoT
Theory of the Social Shaping of Technology
The theory concentrates on effects of society on technology rather than the effects of technology on society. SST concerned with social factors that shape technological change and questions asked are based on assumption and arguments that technology is a set of human activities, a social process and is shared socially. (Carrera, Mitsilegas, Weyembergh, Bard and Gordillo, 2017)), tries to address a more critical approach by drawing concepts from cultural and media studies. IoT is a technology which is shaped by what society wants.
Summary of literature review
This literature review covers the evolution and growth, the impact and challenges facing IoT. Also, it covers on future for IoT. Studies show the growth and applications of the Internet of Things (Kuryel, 2015). Few studies have been done on the positive and negative impact of the internet of things on social life. Internet of things has impacted on both positive and negative of social life. The security issues are the main problems of the IoT.
Executive Summary
The research generally outlines the meaning of internet of things, the security/privacy issues and the challenges faced by the IoT, how the internet of things are developed and applied in different areas and the theories explaining the internet of things. The purpose as to why the research was conducted, its scope, methods used to conduct the research, the results of the research and its recommendations are also explained in this research.
The purpose of the research was mainly to outline the difficulties faced by the internet of things. The research also explained how the internet of things affects peoples’ daily lives. Also, another purpose was to help the programmers and developers in finding out several functions of the internet of things through the research information (Conti, Dehghantanha, Franke, & Watson, 2018).
The research focused on how the internet of things has transformed peoples’ lives, businesses, learning institutions and the head of states operations. From the research, it is evident that the internet of things has played a major role all the areas mentioned above.
The methods which were used to conduct the research included the research design where characteristics of the chosen groups of study where discussed, proportion estimated according to the characteristics and different predictions were made. This was done in order to get their views on the internet of things (Alur et al., 2016). The questionnaire was also used whereby the people from the chosen groups answered questions regarding their views on the internet of things.
Theoretical foundation
The research was able to find out that majority of the people worldwide have access to the internet. Despite a challenge of accessing the internet from the remote areas, the number of people who use the internet was still high as per the research (Namys?owska, & Jab?onowska, 2017). The most commonly used internet devices were the smartphones and the laptops. The reason is that it has helped different people at different levels to complete their tasks such as online money transfer.
All the people worldwide should make good use of the internet of things since its only way people get to complete their tasks effectively and fast, and also it speeds up communication between people of different nations. The internet of things is also the best since it helps in connecting different computer systems hence easing information transfer, money transfer through online hence preventing theft, tracking stolen vehicles and electronic devices, improving the surveillance and the condition of working in organizations. Also, it would be good if all the countries worldwide install internet in remote areas as this will ensure total embracement of the internet of things.
Conclusion
From the research, it is seen that majority of the people all over the world have access to internet, smartphones and the laptops being the most commonly used devices for accessing the internet. These devices are used in offices to call and sending messages/ or information. Today, the internet is available in government offices, schools, and recreational centers. Despite many people having access to the internet, they are faced with challenges like high installation cost.
References
Alabdulsalam, S., Schaefer, K., Kechadi, T., & Le-Khac, N. A. (2018). Internet of things forensics: Challenges and Case Study. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.10391.
Alur, R., Berger, E., Drobnis, A. W., Fix, L., Fu, K., Hager, G. D., … & Rexford, J. (2016). Systems computing challenges in the Internet of Things. arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.02980.
Carrera, S., Mitsilegas, V., King, J., Weyembergh, A., Bárd, P., & Gordillo, D. D. (2017). Constitutionalising the Security Union: Effectiveness, Rule of Law and Rights on Countering Terrorism and Crime. CEPS Paperback, 21 November 2017.
Chang, V., Chiu, D. K., Ramachandran, M., & Li, C. S. (2018). Internet of Things, Big Data and Complex Information Systems: Challenges, solutions and outputs from IoTBD 2016, COMPLEXIS 2016 and CLOSER 2016 selected papers and CLOSER 2015 keynote.
Conti, M., Dehghantanha, A., Franke, K., & Watson, S. (2018). Internet of Things security and forensics: Challenges and opportunities.
Jones, N. A., Ruddell, R., & Leyton-Brown, K. (2014). The Duty to Disclose
Kuryel, A. (2015). Image acts and visual communities: everyday nationalism in contemporary Turkey (Doctoral dissertation, Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host]).
Kvellheim, A. K. (2017). The power of buildings in climate change mitigation: The case of Norway. Energy Policy, 110, 653-661.
Mihr, A. (2017). Cyber Justice: Human Rights and Good Governance for the Internet. Springer.
Namys?owska, M., & Jab?onowska, A. (2017). Contracts for the Supply of Digital Content: Regulatory Challenges and Gaps (Münster 27–28 October 2016). European Review of Private Law, 25(3), 691-694.
Namys?owska, M., & Jab?onowska, A. (2017). Contracts for the Supply of Digital Content: Regulatory Challenges and Gaps (Münster 27–28 October 2016). European Review of Private Law, 25(3), 691-694.
Roman, R., Lopez, J., & Mambo, M. (2018). Mobile edge computing, fog et al.: A survey and analysis of security threats and challenges. Future Generation Computer Systems, 78, 680-698.
Singh, D., Tripathi, G., & Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. In Internet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on (pp. 287-292). IEEE.
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