Problem Domain
Dsicuss about the IOT Technology In Building Smart Cities.
The use of IOT in developing smart cities is helpful for resolving all the complexities associated with the management of the cities. The deployment of IOT look towards the inclusion of video solution, smart sensor lighting system, smart parking system, development of environmental sensing mechanism, development of smart waste management system. It helps in providing secure connectivity between the devices and platform for effective management of on-road traffic system.
The population explosion created a problematic living standard of the people. The environment is full of waste production, high rate of on-road traffic, inefficiency in the vehicle parking system, and others. The new system is required which is capable of integrating all the inefficiency of the cities with the possible resolution and helps in converting a city into the smart city. The IOT is the possible solution for developing a dream smart city which is capable of providing video solution, smart sensor lighting system, smart parking system, smart environmental sensing mechanism, smart waste management system, smart water supply, smart electricity supply, smart vehicular network for traffic management on the road, and others (Arasteh, Hosseinnezhad., Loia, and Siano, 2016).
The aim of the research is to focus on using the IOT in developing smart cities and advantages and disadvantages of IoT in smart cities.
What is smart city?
How the complexities of the cities can be resolved with the use of IOT in developing smart cities?
What is the use of IOT in the development of smart cities?
What are the advantages of using IOT in the development of smart cities?
What are the disadvantages of using IOT in the development of smart cities?
The literature review is analysed for visualizing the efficiency of IOT in developing the smart cities according to the requirement of the residential people. The increasing growth of population and industrialization have damage the environment to a high extent. The waste production is the result of increasing urbanization and industrialization in the cities which creates an environmental hazard. The environment is full of waste production, high rate of on-road traffic, inefficiency in the vehicle parking system, and others (Choudhary, Sathe, and Kachare, 2014). The technological advancement and innovation revolution helps in drawing focus of the researchers to develop a smart cities with the use of IOT intelligent architecture which is capable of providing intelligent facilities to the residing people and community members such as video solution, smart sensor lighting system, smart parking system, smart environmental sensing mechanism, smart waste management system, smart water supply, smart electricity supply, smart vehicular network for traffic management on the road, and others (Jain, 2013). The use of IOT in developing smart cities helps in developing sensor based street and traffic light management system, smart transportation facilities, smart parking system, smart infrastructure and accommodation, smart waste management system, reducing air and water pollution level, reducing occurrence of crime, development of smart architecture of the city, smart distribution of energy usage, instant management of vehicular network, and smart sensor footpath for the pedestrians.
Research Aim
The application of IOT in development smart water supply management system helps in improving the supply of water and its associated consumption in the effective manner with the elimination of wasting water. The inclusion of sensors in the tap system helps in reducing the wastage of water during daily curricular activities. The smart meters are used for improving the water leakages and real time water consumption consumed by the individual during a day.
The population explosion increases the traffic of the vehicles on the road which creates congestion and inefficient traffic management system. The use of IOT helps in developing smart vehicular network system which helps in reducing the chance of accidents. The sensors in the car system help in analysing the presence of the nearby vehicles and send alert signals for initializing secure driving. The new routes are provided to the car drivers for minimizing the traffic congestion on the routes and also save time to reach to the destination.
The development of smart transportation system helps in secure transmission of the people by analysing proactively bad weather climatic condition. The contingency plans are effectively drawn for deploying safe and reliable public transportation facilities. The residential people are provided with the smart transport facility which helps in providing quality of service through the inclusion of integration of smart IOT devices. It helps in providing global connectivity to the transportation services. The smart transportation system focuses on monitoring with the camera system, scheduling of the travel plan, reduction in the traffic jams, and minimizing the chance of risks.
The development of the surveillance system in the smart cities helps in minimizing the occurrence of crimes due to the inclusion of CCTV cameras, violence detection system, monitoring of the public places, object tracking system, and management of the traffic police.
The use of IOT helps in providing cost effective solution for managing smart parking system of the cars and other vehicle. It helps in minimizing 35% of the traffic congestion on the road. The parking space can be optimised by effective management of traffic flow (MIjac, Androcec, Picek, 2015). The parking space is checked on the entrance of cars in the parking area. The drivers have to pay marginal amount of cost for parking it in the space. The automatic parking system is based on the server centralization for managing parking slots in the correspondent parking space. The sensors are used for navigating the drivers to place their car in the nearest parking slot available in the parking space. The display devices are installed for showing the available parking space in the parking area. The smart parking system is capable of analysing the numbers of cars present, departure and arrivals of the car, monitoring of the environment, mobile ticketing system, and controlling the congestion of the traffic (Vida, 2014).
Research Questions
The increasing growth of population and industrialization have damage the environment to a high extent. The waste production is the result of increasing urbanization and industrialization in the cities which creates an environmental hazard. The objectives of the smart waste management system are to keep the environment clean and free from waste accumulation procedures, monitoring of the waste disposition, development of smart bin, and others (Ahlgren, Hidell, Ngai, 2014). The sensor used in the smart bins helps in sensing the accumulation of waste in the nearby surroundings.
The IOT based health care system which is used for providing instant medical facilities to the patient in emergency situation through the remote monitoring by the expert doctors. The Smart IOT health care system makes use of video sensors for analysing the daily curriculum activities performed by the patients in its home care environment (Adisesha, Reddy, Land Narasaiah, 2014). The IOT health care system is the integration of IOT devices for managing real time reports of the patients.
The IOT features which are incorporated in the development of the smart homes are categorised as management of demand response of the family members, inclusion of fire detection system, automatic balancing of the temperature according to the changes occurred in the climatic conditions, security system for detecting the root cause of the crime, and development of social networks with other communities smart homes (Bonino, Delgado, Alapetite, Spirito, 2015).
The development of IOT smart cities is coped up with various technological structures for managing wireless communication among the different platforms of IOT infrastructure. The commonly used networks in the IOT connectivity for developing smart cities are as follows:
Home care networks: The home care networks are used for monitoring the connectivity of the home equipment, and others.
Wide area network: It is used for managing the communication between IOT devices over the network.
Field Area network: It is used for managing connection between IOT sub-stations which are used for sensing the presence of other sensor based equipment in the real life scenario.
Radio Frequency Identification: The RFID reader is used for developing an automatic identification system which develops smart grids for finding the position of the objects.
Near Field Communication: The NFC readers are used for deploying short distance communication for enabling the connectivity with the IOT devices.
Low Rate wireless personal area network: The LWPAN technology is used for managing connection between the IOT devices within the range of 10 to 20 kilometres (Fischione, 2016).
Development of smart water supply management system
Zig-bee sensor nodes: The Zig-bee sensor nodes are used for managing the low cost wireless communication for managing the personal area network for the automation of home, parking system, and others.
Wireless Sensor Networks: The wireless sensor networks are used for managing the communication between the global IOT environment such as IOT in health care.
The following diagram shows the use of IOT in the development of smart cities with the technological advancement and innovation in the intelligent system:
The requirement of my project is to develop a smart city with the inclusion of IOT in various section of the cities to make it automatic such as IOT waste management system, IOT smart Home, IOT health care, IOT in transportation system and parking, and many more. There are some major challenges in the construction of the smart city by making use of IOT system because the failures of the internet connectivity will results into complete breakdown of the smart city environment. The high level internet connectivity is required for managing effective communication between the IOT devices in the real life scenario. The huge amount of initial cost is required for developing the smart cities because it is an amalgamation of video solution, smart sensor lighting system, smart parking system, smart environmental sensing mechanism, smart waste management system, smart water supply, smart electricity supply, smart vehicular network for traffic management on the road, and others (Zanella,, Bui, Castellani, and Zorzi, 2012). The security is the major concern for preserving the confidentiality of the information on the cloud environment of the IOT network system. The data leakages in the network will result in the failure of complete IOT environment. The feeling of trust should be created among user by providing guarantee and security mechanism for preserving the confidentiality of the user data which is deployed on the internet to remain connective with the smart IOT environment and take privilege of using its facilities and services. In my research, I will focus on the challenges which are faced during the development of smart cities project.
The IOT is the possible solution for developing a dream smart city which is capable of providing video solution, smart sensor lighting system, smart parking system, smart environmental sensing mechanism, smart waste management system, smart water supply, smart electricity supply, smart vehicular network for traffic management on the road, and others. The focus should also be given on the challenges and their possible resolutions to develop a dream smart city.
Development of smart traffic management system
The qualitative approach of methodology is used in the past to resolve the problems faced by the residential people in their living standards such as arranging questionnaires, interviews, surveys, and others to know their problems and analyse the possible solution.
The qualitative and quantitative approaches are used in the current methodologies to analyse the problem domain and provide a smart cities based on intelligent system. The deployment of qualitative approach such as interviews, questionnaire, and surveys helps in analysing the problem domain and the area of concern where the application of IOT architecture is required for the automation of the working process. The deployment of quantitative approach such as sampling and simulation program helps in testing the IOT architecture in the real life scenario on the small sample so as to predict its expected outcomes and possible challenges during the implementation of the IOT infrastructure of smart cities to the public use.
Conclusion
The use of IOT in developing smart cities helps in developing sensor based street and traffic light management system, smart transportation facilities, smart parking system, smart infrastructure and accommodation, smart waste management system, reducing air and water pollution level, reducing occurrence of crime, development of smart architecture of the city, smart distribution of energy usage, instant management of vehicular network, and smart sensor footpath for the pedestrians.
References
Adisesha, K., Reddy, L., and Narasaiah, B. (2014). Implementation of IOT technology in building smart cities. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://www.ijircce.com/upload/2017/teccafe/22_IITC_028.pdf
Ahlgren, B., Hidell, M., Ngai, E. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities: Standards and Opportunities. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8986/263acaa4e153e7acddc0bf9c9b5ce6f56479.pdf
Arasteh, H, Hosseinnezhad., V., Loia, V., and Siano, P. (2016). IoT based smart cities: A survey. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301790173_IoT-based_Smart_Cities_a_Survey
Bonino, D., Delgado, M., Alapetite, A., Spirito, T. (2015). ALMANAC: Internet of things for smart cities. International conference on future internet of things and cloud, At home, 3(2). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279884343_ALMANAC_internet_of_things_for_smart_cities
Choudhary, S., Sathe, R., and Kachare, A. (2014). Smart cities based on IOT: A Review. International journal of Engineering trends and technology, 48(8). Retrieved from https://www.ijettjournal.org/2017/volume-48/number-8/IJETT-V48P275.pdf
Fischione, C. (2016). Internet of things for smart cities. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://people.kth.se/~carlofi/presentations/Nordic_Smart_Cities-Carlo_Fischione-short_low_res.pdf
Jain, R. (2013). Internet of things for smart cities: Challenges and Issues. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/ftp/iots_ssc.pdf
MIjac, M., Androcec, D., Picek, R. (2015). Smart cities driven by IOT: A systematic review. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://www.jesd-online.com/dokumenti/upload/separated/Vol%204%20No%202_Paper4.pdf
Vida, R. (2014). IoT in Smart Cities. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://www.jesd-online.com/dokumenti/upload/separated/Vol%204%20No%202_Paper4.pdf
Zanella,, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., and Zorzi, M. (2012). Internet of things for smart cities. 1st ed. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260540297_Internet_of_Things_for_Smart_Cities
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