Literature Review Of Cognitive Biases In Negotiation Processes

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

1. Motivation and Context

Technical KSAE: To attain credibility and confidence in engaging the relationship between the parties.

Project Management KSAE: It is highly required to offer the best value and maintain significant emergency recovery plan for the program in order to maintain collaborative circumstances.

Business Solution KSAE: The competitive resources associated with the QH payroll programs must be evaluated.

Relational KSAE: The known and unknown risk associated with the payrolls system can be impacted due to the Hospital Boards model.

2. Joint Governance structure

Technical KSAE:

To attain such a platform where the collaboration of each distinct stakeholders is needed by complying with the governance structure.

Project Management KSAE:

The combined impact of the project needs to be considered in order to reduce the impact of staffs based on pay date, change program initiative.

Business Solution KSAE:

The best value of governance structure must be yielded by engaging each stakeholder including Queensland Government CIO.

Relational KSAE:

Successful implementation of SAP is desired for exploring risks, benefits and associated costs to QH by engaging each stakeholder.

3. Integrated Risk Mitigation Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Risk sharing conversation must be formulated amongst stakeholders for reducing the risk associated with the new system.

Project Management KSAE:

Prioritising, identifying, documentation and communication are highly required for reducing the integrated risk.

Business Solution KSAE:

Recovery of overpayments and proactive measures to initiate change program by reducing lodging historical payroll forms is highly required.

Relational KSAE:

The integration of SAP would benefit the structure of QH for enhancing its planning activity.

4. Join Communication Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Common system and the process must be adopted with the integration of change management approach for adopting SAP.

Project Management KSAE:

Integration of a wider group of stakeholder is required, (Bryde et al. 2013).

Business Solution KSAE:

Scanning initiative and system integration are required.

Relational KSAE:

Investigation of electronic rostering system options.

5. Co-location Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Scalability and market scanning initiative to be adopted.

Project Management KSAE:

Integration of Queensland Government CIO and other stakeholder is required.

Business Solution KSAE:

Appropriate market scanning initiative to be adopted.

Relational KSAE:

The longer-term vision for time and attendance business process is required for QH.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness  (pp. 123-133)

6. Authentic Leadership

Technical KSAE:

Authenticity, reflectiveness, spirit, wisdom is highly required.

Project Management KSAE:

The list of prioritized payroll must be integrated in order to minimize the impact on staffs and reduce the risk associated.

Business Solution KSAE:

Appreciation nature is required.

Relational KSAE:

Pragmatism and authenticity are required to carry out the new payroll system.

7. Trust-Control Balance

Technical KSAE:

Planning and execution are highly required.

Project Management KSAE:

Safe workplace culture based on the QH payroll program.

Business Solution KSAE:

Relationship building amongst stakeholders and government is required.

Relational KSAE:

Autonomy is highly required to initiate forms of trust.

8. Commitment to be Innovative

Technical KSAE:

It is highly required to analyze, document and communicate the payroll service and operating delivery models that are used by the Queensland Health for innovation, (Phillips, 2013).

Project Management KSAE:

Innovative ideas to implement SAP are significant.

Business Solution KSAE:

Experimentation of the new system is required.

Relational KSAE:

High level of commitment from each stakeholder is required.

9. Common best-for-project Mindset and Culture

Technical KSAE:

Each member must have similar goals for implementation of SAP.

Project Management KSAE:

The challenges must be resolved for the integration of SAP.

Business Solution KSAE:

The performance and outcomes of the new system must be combined for minimizing its impact on staffs.

Relational KSAE:

Support for recruitment and healthy payroll must be adopted.

10. No-blame Culture

Technical KSAE:

Members must work co-ordinately and take their own responsibility for its successful implementation.

Project Management KSAE:

The process to recover overpayments must be approved for an efficient payroll system of QH without blaming.

Business Solution KSAE:

Each work must be completed with complete responsibility, (Rose, 2013).

Relational KSAE:

Time and effort should be provided without blaming others.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

11. Consensus Decisions

Technical KSAE:

Enablers of consensus are required from each stakeholder for SAP implementation.

Project Management KSAE:

Collaborative attitude for making informed decisions.

Business Solution KSAE:

Proactive measures for making informed decisions.

Relational KSAE:

Unanimous decision for making informed decisions.

12. Learning and Continuous Improvement

Technical KSAE:

Adaptability and cultural drivers for adoption of the new system.

Project Management KSAE:

Growth and higher experience are required.

Business Solution KSAE:

Successful adoption of the new payroll system.

Relational KSAE:

Collaboration and unity amongst staffs for its successful implementation.

13. Incentive Arrangements

Technical KSAE:

Quality work and higher productivity for the adoption of the new payroll system.

Project Management KSAE:

Tension management approach must be initiated.

Business Solution KSAE:

Integration of a good compensation system and implementation of change in pay date is required.

Relational KSAE:

Restructure of old policies and shift from historical pay forms is required, (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017).

14. Pragmatic Learning-in-Action

Technical KSAE:

Experimental approaches must be considered as well for faster integration of the new payroll system.

Project Management KSAE:

Effective monitoring for the adoption of SAP.

Business Solution KSAE:

Effective coaching and training for change management and up gradation of SAP.

Relational KSAE:

Integration of each staff for its successful implementation.

15. Transparency

Technical KSAE:

Accountability for implementation of the change program.

Project Management KSAE:

Transparent procedure for analysing business requirements for SAP implementation.

Business Solution KSAE:

Initiate a clear communication pattern between stakeholders.

Relational KSAE:

Increase in coordination by merging each stakeholder.

16. Mutual Dependence and Accountability

Technical KSAE:

Initiation of accountability and a mutual dependence to interface with SAP.

Project Management KSAE:

Collaboration amongst stakeholders with long-term visions.

Business Solution KSAE:

Trust and confidentiality nature for investigating the system options of rosters.

Relational KSAE:

Mutual cooperation and understanding amongst stakeholders.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

1. Motivation and Context

Technical KSAE:

Competitive resources and best valuation of the key improvement projects, (Cheung and Chow, 2011).

Project Management KSAE:

Recognition of governance roles and responsibilities must be maintained.

Business Solution KSAE:

The current governance framework must be followed based on payroll portfolio.

Relational KSAE:

Enterprise framework and program governance are required.

2. Joint Governance structure

Technical KSAE:

Appropriate levels of governance must be maintained.

Project Management KSAE:

Availability of windows is required for fixings the system enhancements.

Business Solution KSAE:

The link between QH financial system upgrade and payroll portfolio governance must be established.

Relational KSAE:

Engagement of 3^rd party for independent assurance activities is required.

3. Integrated Risk Mitigation Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Engagement of senior leaders is required to carry forward the strategy.

Project Management KSAE:

Roles and responsibilities must be specified to reduce risk.

Business Solution KSAE:

Current committee and associated membership must be integrated for making informed decisions.

Relational KSAE:

The requirement for enhanced payroll performance based on accuracy, timeliness as well as retrospectively.

4. Join Communication Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Governance roles and responsibilities must be specified for effective communication.

Project Management KSAE:

System enhancement with the collaboration of each stakeholder.

Business Solution KSAE:

Interdependencies between payroll and finance system must be cleared.

Relational KSAE:

Division of responsibility for technology deployment and release content must be specific.

5. Co-location Strategy

Technical KSAE:

The technical deployment must remain in place.

Project Management KSAE:

Informed decisions for maximizing the opportunities for system enhancements, (Yousefi et al. 2010).

Business Solution KSAE:

The deployment of technical change must be communicated effectively.

Relational KSAE:

Independence nature of reporting relationship must be attained across QSS and QH.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness  (pp. 123-133)

6. Authentic Leadership

Technical KSAE:

Commitment from key leaders is required.

Project Management KSAE:

Each staff must adhere to the decisions and changes made.

Business Solution KSAE:

Authenticity and interdependencies between governance structures must be established.

Relational KSAE:

The effectiveness of the decisions needs to be formulated in a transparent way.

7. Trust-Control Balance

Technical KSAE:

Reporting relationship changes must be balanced.

Project Management KSAE:

Trust towards the key leaders must be maintained.

Business Solution KSAE:

The roles and responsibilities specified must be adhered.

Relational KSAE:

Relationship and coordination would increase with trust control measures.

8. Commitment to be Innovative

Technical KSAE:

New changes and roles must be worked out with complete commitment.

Project Management KSAE:

Innovative ideas for adopting the changes of the new system must be developed.

Business Solution KSAE:

Commitment towards improvement and enhancement of the new system is desired.

Relational KSAE:

Each stakeholder must encourage and motivate the staffs for successful adoption of the new payroll system, (Lloyd-Walker and Walker, 2015).

9. Common best-for-project Mindset and Culture

Technical KSAE:

New windows for enhancement of the system must be the prior goal.

Project Management KSAE:

Alignment of the common goals is required for implementation.

Business Solution KSAE:

Outcomes and performance levels must be set for the mindset.

Relational KSAE:

The value for such adoption must be yielded by reporting the changes efficiently to the RMG.

10. No-blame Culture

Technical KSAE:

Staffs must take their own responsibility based on the governance structure.

Project Management KSAE:

The decisions made must be informed without biases.

Business Solution KSAE:

Effective formulation of decisions by integrating higher management.

Relational KSAE:

Division for responsibility and technical deployment must adhere.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

11. Consensus Decisions

Technical KSAE:

Decsiions for enahcnemnet and changes must eb made unanimously.

Project Management KSAE:

Decisions must be made in view of managing risks, issues and benefits with consensus.

Business Solution KSAE:

3^rd party integration is required for undertaking independent assurance activities for the payroll portfolio.

Relational KSAE:

QH payroll portfolio must be assured based on Queensland Audit Office recommendations.

12. Learning and Continuous Improvement

Technical KSAE:

The periodic review must be formulated, (Renn et al. 2013).

Project Management KSAE:

The implementation process must be assessed based on the governance structure to make informed decisions.

Business Solution KSAE:

Periodic review process and monitoring are required for maintaining efficiency.

Relational KSAE:

The key stages of implementation must be measured for making informed decisions about changes.

13. Incentive Arrangements

Technical KSAE:

Incentive plans must be formulated.

Project Management KSAE:

Based on tasks and review the incentives should be set.

Business Solution KSAE:

Periodic review of the implementation would set standards for incentive decisions.

Relational KSAE:

Roles and responsibilities would also clear up the incentive arrangements for decisions.

14. Pragmatic Learning-in-Action

Technical KSAE:

Key leaders must formulate roles and responsibilities.

Project Management KSAE:

Monitoring the progress is required by the governance, (Eco, 2013).

Business Solution KSAE:

Integration of governance framework is required for making decisions and review process.

Relational KSAE:

Monitoring and coaching with effective training must be provided to carry out the adoption.

15. Transparency

Technical KSAE:

Each role and responsibilities must be set cleared.

Project Management KSAE:

Decisions must be framed accurately based on governance structure.

Business Solution KSAE:

Transparency is required amongst stakeholders and staffs.

Relational KSAE:

The sense of accountability must be developed.

16. Mutual Dependence and Accountability

Technical KSAE:

Dependence between Payroll Portfolio Governance and the QH financial system upgrade must be accountable.

Project Management KSAE:

Interdependencies between payroll and financial systems must be provided.

Business Solution KSAE:

The major programs for payroll portfolio must be interdependent.

Relational KSAE:

Effective decision and governance structure must be integrated for mutual dependencies.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

1. Motivation and Context

Technical KSAE:

Service delivery model and operations must be communicated.

Project Management KSAE:

Tangible benefits must be provided for their engagement.

Business Solution KSAE:

Benefits of a new payroll system must be communicated to the staffs and line managers.

Relational KSAE:

Effective communication is required for collaboration and building trust.

2. Joint Governance structure

Technical KSAE:

Organizational changes must not affect the payroll functions.

Project Management KSAE:

Exploring the opportunities must be carry forwarded, (van Noordwijk, 2013).

Business Solution KSAE:

Government approach is highly required

Relational KSAE:

The complexity of award conditions must be established.

3. Integrated Risk Mitigation Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Ward conditions must be established.

Project Management KSAE:

The complexity of industrial environment for QH should be formulated.

Business Solution KSAE:

Disruption on the payroll functions must be eliminated.

Relational KSAE:

QH payroll stakeholders must recognize Government approach for the new system.

4. Join Communication Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Effective communication amongst stakeholders is required.

Project Management KSAE:

Awareness amongst staffs and line manager about changes should be conveyed.

Business Solution KSAE:

Benefits of the new system must be communicated.

Relational KSAE:

Issues related to such adoption must be managed.

5. Co-location Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Each staff should analyze the effectiveness of such adoption.

Project Management KSAE:

Significant steps must be taken for maintaining the effectiveness.

Business Solution KSAE:

QH payroll program must be upgraded based on the existing practices.

Relational KSAE:

The complexity of the adoption must be resolved.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness  (pp. 123-133)

6. Authentic Leadership

Technical KSAE:

Key leaders must initiate the change management process, (Caputo, 2013).

Project Management KSAE:

The adoption of such change must be authenticated by the QH system.

Business Solution KSAE:

Accountability and transparency of such adoption towards change must be assessed.

Relational KSAE:

Recommendations must be analyzed for further enhancements.

7. Trust-Control Balance

Technical KSAE:

Trust towards higher management must be attained.

Project Management KSAE:

Transparency must be standardized based on the changes.

Business Solution KSAE:

Communicating the benefits provided by the system.

Relational KSAE:

Trust must be built.

8. Commitment to be Innovative

Technical KSAE:

Adoption of new changes.

Project Management KSAE:

Continuous improvement is required.

Business Solution KSAE:

Experimenting, testing, and prototyping are required for its successful adoption.

Relational KSAE:

Innovative ideas must be formulated for change management.

9. Common best-for-project Mindset and Culture

Technical KSAE:

Common goals must be aligned between staffs.

Project Management KSAE:

Performance and outcome levels must be accessed.

Business Solution KSAE:

Excellence must be achieved, (Ting?Toomey, 2017).

Relational KSAE:

The value for such adoption must be analyzed.

10. No-blame Culture

Technical KSAE:

Each staff is responsible for their own work.

Project Management KSAE:

Any issue would lead to strict action.

Business Solution KSAE:

Facilitating mechanism of no-blame culture.

Relational KSAE:

Integration of top management in the change process.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

11. Consensus Decisions

Technical KSAE:

Inhibitors of consensus to be established.

Project Management KSAE:

Cultural drivers for adoption should be formulated.

Business Solution KSAE:

Enablers of consensus must be utilized for its successful adoption

Relational KSAE:

Decisions should base on benefiting the staffs rather than impacting.

12. Learning and Continuous Improvement

Technical KSAE:

Knowledge transfer procedure to be adopted.

Project Management KSAE:

New ideas must be adapted.

Business Solution KSAE:

Learning and skills development for the system must be integrated.

Relational KSAE:

Creation of innovative ideas for the system must be considered.

13. Incentive Arrangements

Technical KSAE:

Benefits of such adoption must be communicated.

Project Management KSAE:

Process reviews must be formulated.

Business Solution KSAE:

Conflict management process must be initiated.

Relational KSAE:

3^rd party collaboration must be incentivized.

14. Pragmatic Learning-in-Action

Technical KSAE:

Learning through action is required.

Project Management KSAE:

Effective training is required.

Business Solution KSAE:

Monitoring and mentoring from higher authority of QH is required.

Relational KSAE:

The periodic review must be conducted.

15. Transparency

Technical KSAE:

The sense of transparency to the stakeholders as required, (Ussher and Perz, 2013).

Project Management KSAE:

The sense of accountability must be formulated.

Business Solution KSAE:

Clear communication pattern is required.

Relational KSAE:

An integrative approach is required.

16. Mutual Dependence and Accountability

Technical KSAE:

Dependence of each staff is required.

Project Management KSAE:

Enablers must be motivated.

Business Solution KSAE:

Inhibitors must be encountered.

Relational KSAE:

Accountability and dependence amongst each stakeholder must be formulated.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

1. Motivation and Context

Technical KSAE:

Key cost drivers must be analyzed.

Project Management KSAE:

BAU Costs for each pay period must be established.

Business Solution KSAE:

Defect and system rectification cost must be analyzed for unknown risks.

Relational KSAE:

System enhancement cost must be analyzed for known risks.

2. Joint Governance structure

Technical KSAE:

Benefits the stakeholders for receiving funding.

Project Management KSAE:

Tangible benefits would be attained.

Business Solution KSAE:

Governance structure for QH payroll needs to be integrated

Relational KSAE:

Funded and unfunded components must be signified.

3. Integrated Risk Mitigation Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Funding shortfall would be reduced.

Project Management KSAE:

Increase in commitment from stakeholders, (Depledge, 2013).

Business Solution KSAE:

Quantifying results after its adoption.

Relational KSAE:

Enhancement of business cases based on enhanced projects must be established.

4. Join Communication Strategy

Technical KSAE:

Committed expenditure based on requirements.

Project Management KSAE:

Priority for future spends and value for money assessments.

Business Solution KSAE:

Enhanced system performance for improvements.

Relational KSAE:

Investment for ongoing improvements is required.

5. Co-location Strategy

Technical KSAE:

System maintenance funding.

Project Management KSAE:

Minimum requirements for enhancement.

Business Solution KSAE:

Discretionary improvements required for the project.

Relational KSAE:

Adequate funding is required for successful adoption.

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness  (pp. 123-133)

6. Authentic Leadership

Technical KSAE:

Stakeholders involvement, (Pizer, 2013).

Project Management KSAE:

Resilience, spirit, and authenticity required.

Business Solution KSAE:

Engagement of each staff.

Relational KSAE:

Enhanced degree of leadership for implementation.

7. Trust-Control Balance

Technical KSAE:

Effective funding allocations.

Project Management KSAE:

Value for money assessments.

Business Solution KSAE:

Commitment towards implementation.

Relational KSAE:

Use of proper funding strategy.

8. Commitment to be Innovative

Technical KSAE:

The sense of accountability.

Project Management KSAE:

The sense of transparency.

Business Solution KSAE:

Analysis of future spend and current system requirements.

Relational KSAE:

Innovative ideas to mitigate shortfall, ( Pruitt, 2013).

9. Common best-for-project Mindset and Culture

Technical KSAE:

Use of appropriate funding.

Project Management KSAE:

Value for money reporting.

Business Solution KSAE:

Higher integration of stakeholders.

Relational KSAE:

An integrative approach for effective funding strategy.

10. No-blame Culture

Technical KSAE:

Blaming own self for inappropriateness.

Project Management KSAE:

Adequate use of funds.

Business Solution KSAE:

Facilitating mechanism to ensure effective use of resources.

Relational KSAE:

Scalable outcome and performance level for funding, (Herron et al. 2003).

Elements

KSAE’s to maximize the effectiveness (pp. 123-133)

11. Consensus Decisions

Technical KSAE:

Decisions for funding must be consensus.

Project Management KSAE:

Effective collaboration amongst stakeholders.

Business Solution KSAE:

Communication must be facilitated amongst staffs.

Relational KSAE:

Adequate use of funding through consensus decisions.

12. Learning and Continuous Improvement

Technical KSAE:

Adoption of new ideas.

Project Management KSAE:

Knowledge transfer for funding, (Allen et al. 2013).

Business Solution KSAE:

Continuous improvement strategy.

Relational KSAE:

Learn from past mistakes for effective funding.

13. Incentive Arrangements

Technical KSAE:

Conflict management procedures to be adopted.

Project Management KSAE:

Innovation is highly required.

Business Solution KSAE:

Payroll system must be integrated with necessary requirements.

Relational KSAE:

Value for money must be formulated, (Whiteley, 2013).

14. Pragmatic Learning-in-Action

Technical KSAE:

Effective training is required.

Project Management KSAE:

Monitoring and mentoring are required for funding.

Business Solution KSAE:

Action learning approach must be formulated.

Relational KSAE:

Effective involvement of stakeholders is required.

15. Transparency

Technical KSAE:

Transparency of each transaction is required.

Project Management KSAE:

Accountability must adhere.

Business Solution KSAE:

Rational use of funds must be formulated, (Masterson and Pearsall, 2013).

Relational KSAE:

Clear communication and the open-book system must be formulated.

16. Mutual Dependence and Accountability

Technical KSAE:

Dependence of each stakeholder is required.

Project Management KSAE:

The interdependencies of government and each regulatory bodies must adhere.

Business Solution KSAE:

Accountable measures of funding are required, (DeMarco and Lister, 2013).

Relational KSAE:

Mutual dependencies and coordination are desired.