Management And Enterprise In The Global Environment: A Study

Impact of globalization on enterprise management

Question:

Discuss about the Management and Enterprise in Global Environment for Technology.

The present assignment elucidates on the management and enterprise in the global environment. There has been huge change in enterprise planning and global management relating to the perspective of technology and socio-politics. The enterprise in today’s world strategizes to adopt different management approaches in order to sustain in the competitive global environment. The e- learning activities thereby highlights on the study of management and nature of globalization..

There are different academic fields of study that impacts management of enterprise, which involves- political science, economics, psychology, anthropology, philosophy, sociology. Political science study focuses on the behavior of individuals that influences the job culture and practice of management. Economics study highlights on the allocation as well as distribution of the deficient resources that helps the management to allocate resources effectively in order to achieve business target. Psychology study focuses on the behavioral change of individuals that aids the management to understand behavioral change of workers. Anthropology study makes huge contribution to varied management areas including- wellness management, expats management, recruitment procedure. The study of philosophy affects the management in workers rehabilitation, improvement in culture, good governance and so on. The study of sociology aids to assess managerial procedure in varied types of societies. History of the management theories reflects that the subordinates in Egypt generally organized their subordinates for establishing pyramids. They even had their long term planners as that of contemporaries in China. In fact, Sun Tzu art of war reflects that Sun Tzu had given huge much emphasis on significance of planning for attaining the specific goal. Even the teachings of Chanakya were also applicable  in the present day enterprises. Chanakya’s style of management was to hire workers through the process of interview. Besides this,  the observations of Adam Smith on the labor division has huge significance in present firms as it helps to increase productivity and efficiency. The current organizations now apply several kinds of management theories for administering business operations. These theories involves- general administrative theory, scientific management, enterprise behavior, quantitative behavior. General administrative theory was mainly developed by Fayol, which was further provided bureaucratic approach by Weber. Fyol’s management theory was considered applicable for administering personnel in an organization (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). His management theory was dependent on few principles, which includes- work division, unity of command,  authority, workers remuneration,  centralization, personenel tenure stability, scalar chain order, spirit de corps etc. Weber administrative theory was basically dependent on the bureaucratic approach. Weber’s approach was mainly based on certain principles that include- recruitment of personnel, chain of command, promotion of employees etc. Quantitative management approach basically integrates  numerous analytical as well as numeric methods into management procedure (Anderson et al. 2018). This approach involves one specific area that is management science.  Enterprise behavior approach includes early advocates, human relations movement, Hawthrone studies and theory of behavioral science. This study was basically conducted with workers at the Hawthrone plant, which comprised of illuminationla experiments, test room for relay assembly, observation room for bank wiring and so on. Behavioral science theorist mainly includes theory of psychologist as well as sociologist. Sociologist theory includes organizational design, power and conflicts whereas psychologist theory involves job design, workers motivation and leadership style. Furthermore, the three management approaches used by the organization are- contingency, systems and process approach (Mikes and Kaplan 2013). The current trends that have been prevalent in the present enterprise’s management practices includes- innovation, diversity of laborforce, total quality management etc. These trends in management practices facilitate the organization to achieve success in the competitive marketplace.

Management theories and approaches used in current organizations

In today’s world, globalization affects the business operations of every enterprise operating in the global market. There are several factors that affects globalization, which involves- cultural,  legal political and economic (Jones 2013). The legal political factors makes globalization channelized according to the political bosses. Even the economies and culture of specific nation also influences globalization. It has been evident from some examples that regional trade agreements also impacts globalization. Rinto Tinto the transnational mining group faced many challenges in their business operations owing to globalization. Ganong Brothers the candy producer in Canada making free trade agreements with the US for selling their candy’s faced several challenges due to globalization since tariff was not imposed on their products (Pieterse 2015). Moreover, it has been evident from recent study that cultural differences also exist due to globalization. However, these differences create challenges to the enterprise in terms of marketing management as well as foreign negotiations (Drucker 2012). For instance, US culture differs from other nation’s culture regarding hard work being the factor to success. This difference affects the motivation of the employees within the organization. In addition, the difference between US culture and other nation’s culture on honoring commitment of workers also influences negotiation with the enterprises. Besides this, the cultural difference between US and other countries relating to effective time management influences both long term as well as short time planning of organizations (Moran, Abramson, and Moran 2014). As enterprise is the primary obligation of US while family is the primary obligation of alternate value of culture, this difference affects the loyalty commitment within the enterprises operating in the global market. The factors that lead to the globalization trend involves-expansion of business, improvement in business methods, huge pressure from the industrialized nation, effective communication within the business and so on. Moreover, different experts have also given varied views on globalization. The view of Pankaj Ghemawat on globalization is that both economic and national incorporation leads to semi- globalization. On the other hand, James Shikwati has opined that globalization is not aid but is a trade. Anthony’s views highlight that globalization impacts not only the performance of capital market but also the personal lives and application scale. It has been opined by Isiaka, Sulaiman and Issa (2016) that, there are various models of national culture that reflects the cultural differences. Hofstede’s national culture model involves few dimensions that includes- time orientation, power distance, uncertainty avoidance etc. These dimensions help to provide an overview on the cultural differences between the enterprises of the two countries (Hofstede 2006). Similarly, Trompenaar’s model on the national culture is mainly based on some variables that include- universalism vs particularism, individualism vs communitarians, neutral vsa emotional and so on. These dimensions also facilitate to compare the culture of organizations between two countries (Trompenaars, F. and Hampden-Turner 2011).

Conclusion

The conclusion that can be drawn from the first activity is that the current trends in management practice of the organization have developed from the historical management practices. In fact, the various approaches integrated by the management of the companies in today’s world help to enhance productivity and achieve target within specified time. From the second activity, it can be concluded that national culture differences also influence the management operations of the organizations. Although globalization has helped the organizations to strengthen their business operations, they faced several challenges and risks in the global market owing to this. Furthermore, Hofstede and Tromprenaars national culture model also reflects that the difference in nation’s culture poses threat to the organizations operating in the global market. 

References

Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2018. An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approach. Cengage learning.

Drucker, P., 2012. Management challenges for the 21st century. Routledge.

Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning.

Hofstede, G., 2006. Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online readings in psychology and culture, 2.

Isiaka, S.B., Sulaiman, A.A. and Issa, O., 2016. National Culture Dimensions: A Review of Precepts Affecting The Nigerian Management Context. AL-HIKMAH MANAGEMENT REVIEW, p.82.

Jones, R.B., 2013. Globalisation and interdependence in the international political economy: rhetoric and reality. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Mikes, A. and Kaplan, R.S., 2013. Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management.

Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014. Managing cultural differences. Routledge.

Pieterse, J.N., 2015. Globalization and culture: Global mélange. Rowman & Littlefield.

Trompenaars, F. and Hampden-Turner, C., 2011. Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

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