Models Of Addiction And AOD Work Practice

The AOD organization in Canberra plays a big role to the community. Directions Act in the organization delivers different programs and services to the people affected by alcohol and other drugs in that region. The main aim of the organization is to minimize the dangers and effects of alcohol and other drug addiction as well as improving personal health (Ginieri-Coccossis, Liappas, Tzavellas, and Triantafillou. & Soldatos, 2007). This is achieved by providing information and education to the clients, counseling and offering free sterile injecting equipment, referral, support and detoxification and rehabilitation services. They offer confidential services that suit different clients. The programs include the following;

Althea Wellness Centre

Arcadia House Programs

Treatment and support programs

Support and self-help groups

Needle and Syringe Program

Pathways Programs

Awareness and education

MODEL

KEY ASPECTS OF THE MODEL

Moral model

People who are drug depended are considered to be weak morally. Being a drug addict is seen as evil in a society context because it is ones wish to be under the influence of alcohol and other drugs. Basing on this model, the victims are punished.in the direction act organisation they are counselled and sent to rehabilitation.

Disease model

This model assumes that addiction came as a result of continuous intake of the substance. It also states that addiction is a disease within the client and to some extent it’s hard to cure. Here the client is encouraged to discontinue the habit.

Psycho-dynamic model

This model asserts that misuse of drugs is an unconscious response to some of the life difficult experiences that they underwent in their childhood stage (Battams &Roche,  2011) this people need  counselling so that they can accept themselves and manage to withdraw from these behaviours

Social learning model

This model states that once someone engages in the habit of drug abuse, they dependently rely on it and can’t do without. This is a learned behavior acquired as one continuously administers the drug. Withdrawal is very challenging; the side effects that come along with may seem to be unbearable.

Social-cultural model

It focuses on the broad society. This model asserts that the behaviour one has towards drug abuse is shaped by the people and environment surrounding them. This model makes links between inequality and drug use (Gray & Wilkes, 2010). It suggests that people from poor background are more affected compared to people from rich families .the best way to deal with this situation would be better to solve the cause of drug use like poverty and improving living standards.

Public health model, including systems approach

Here drug use is as a result of the interaction between the drug, the person and the environment.

It is an integrated approach and identifies three key factors and the relationships between them.

1. The agent – characteristics and effects of the drug itself to the addict.

2. The host – characteristics of the individual or group of users towards the drug.

3. The environment – the context of the drug use, where and why the drug is been taken

Stages of change model

There are six stages to follow in this model;

Pre-contemplation-people in this stage are not willing to stop their addictive behaviours.

Contemplation-the stage of realization of the problem and admits to change. Here, the addicts may know the disadvantages of using drugs, willing to change but the implementation seems difficult.

Determination-here the people are ready to take a step forward and put together an action plan

Action-now the plan is put into action. The people are motivated to succeed and they seek treatment as well as counselling.

.Maintenance and Relapse-attained change takes time to stick and forget about the past behaviours. The client has to prove that change has occurred and try to maintain it as years go by

Termination-the person completely stops abusing drugs and confidently lives healthy without harmful substances.

When a country is politically stable, it provides job opportunities to its youth, making them busy hence not getting time for bad companies with drug abuse. Changing social and environmental context of people greatly influences their behaviour. It can either encourage or discourage the misuse of drugs (Gray, Wilson, Allsop, Saggers, Wilkes, &Ober, 2014). Poor backgrounds support more people getting into drug abuse compared to stable families.

They provide confidential counselling to the client. They don’t disclose ones issues to other people. They are allowed to meet their family members and also receive information from them, even if undergoing rehabilitation.

Legislation

How legislation requirements are met

Sample

Health records Act 1997

Privacy and Access of confidential documents

1

Severe substance dependence treatment Act 2010

Allow detention and treatment in an authorised centre

2

Mental health Act 2014

minimal alcohol and other drug-related harms and optimal mental health

3

 Children, Youth and Families Act 2005.

Providing drug abuse education

Description

Harm minimisation (KE5.1)

Harm reduction

There is supervision of injecting facilities to control blood transmission, education is offered to the clients to know the side effects and reduce demand and supply. For alcohol drinking patterns are observed.

Recovery (KE5.2)

Treatment

Treatment programs like counselling, rehabilitation and detoxification are offered to clients

Person-centred approach (KE5.3)

Safety and quality service

Give individual treatment to encourage privacy and safety of the client.

Empowerment (KE5.4)

Rehabilitation

When the clients are treated and rehabilitated, they are empowered to continue life with abusing drugs (Staiger, Thomas, Ricciardelli & McCabe, 2011.)

Health promotion (as per the Ottawa Charter) (KE5.5)

Health promotion conferences

Educate people on how to increase control and improve their health. This is achieved by balancing health equity.

CONTEXT

DESCRIPTION/CHARACTERISTICS

OFFERED

YES/NO

Centre-based work

Counselling takes place here

YES

Day program

Inpatient treatment

YES

Withdrawal services

Done in rehabilitation centres step by step (Pennay, & Lee, 2009).

YES

Drop-in centres, recreational facilities

The hospitals and referral offering treatment to these clients

YES

Housing and residential services

Place for the facilitators together with the clients to be rehabilitated to temporary live.

YES

Inpatient

Clients come for treatment on daily bases depending on the degree of seriousness

YES

Outreach and home visits, street, parks

People move into the community to  inform and educate them

YES

Online AOD work, web-based, emails, discussion rooms

Online site cited for discussions concerning Alcohol and other drugs commonly abused 

(Staiger, Long& Baker, 2010). One can place their queries or relevant comments.

NO

Telephone contact

Telephone line is provided in case of any enquiry or directing relevant people

YES

Alcohol and other drug substances should not be sold to people under eighteen years old. This policy discourages the youth from abusing drugs which is of benefit to the society (Hides, Elkins, Scaffidi, Cotton, Carroll, &Lubman, 2011.). The youth are the energetic people who should serve the community but f under drug influence; they become dependants of the parents. Also bar opening hours are restricted to night but not during the day. This helps in reduction in supply of the alcohol.