Network Design And Subnetting For Foreshore IT Solution

TCP/IP Model vs OSI Model

1.The TCP/IP model is the communication protocol that is used for connecting the hosts with the internet. The OSI model is used as a gateway for communication with the end users and thee network. The TCP/IP protocol is used by different application in the internet and it was developed by the department of defense for allowing the devices to be connected with the internet service. On the other hand the OSI model is developed by the International organization for standards and it acts as a theoretical model (Edwards & Bramante, 2015). The OSI model only finds its application as a reference model and it is developed based on the TCP/IP model. There are four layers in the TCP/IP model while the OSI reference model have seven layers. In case of reliability the OSI reference model is less reliable when compared with the TCP/IP model because it is older. There are different boundaries and strict protocols followed by the OSI reference model but the TCP/IP model only follows the basic guidelines for the transmission of the data packets to the destination address over the network (Sinha et al., 2017).

The OSI reference model is the most useful when working and describing networks because OSI model supports both the connection oriented and the connection less communication protocol whereas the TCP/IP does not support the connection less communication.

2.Hands on Project 2.3: 

Hands on Project 2.5: 

Subnet calculation for the IP address 192.168.0.1

Subnet calculation for the IP address 10.0.0.1

For the continuation of the experiment different class IP address is used and the changes are seen.

3.Address Resolution Protocol and its Purpose

Address Resolution protocol (ARP) – It is defines as the map between the Mac address and the IP address of the host connected in the network. A table is maintained for correlating the MAC and the IP address and enabling the address conversion for both of the direction. The ARP program is used for finding the MAC address and the physical host that matches the IP address.   

The main purpose of the ARP cache are listed below:

• Maintaining correlation between the IP and the physical address of the hosts
• For carrying the data traffic to the destination address
• To analyze the number of hosts active in the network

4.Case Study TaskIntroduction

There is a requirement of the Foreshore IT solution to implement a new network solution for its company such that the users of each of the branches can communicate with the other branches. The company uses the class A network address 10.0.0.0 for connecting the six offices located in different location of Adelaide. The network is subnetted for reducing the wastage of the IP address and increase the security and efficiency of the network solution. A report is created for the organization with the network address plan and the details of the IP address and subnet used for configuring the interface of the hardware device. An estimation is created listing the resource and the hardware required for the development of the network infrastructure.  The proposed network solution is designed for 1200 hosts connected across different subnets for each of the office network.

Network design 

Subnet Calculation

Figure 1: Network Diagram

(Source: created by author)

Justification

The network design is created following the requirement of the company and the network device are configured with the subnet plan created for the company to connect the different branches with the head office. The router is configured with VLAN for reducing the congestion in the network and the switch used for each of the branches are configured with trunk and access protocol for carrying the traffic for the specified VLAN. One or more VLAN can be configured on trunk port and it is used for allowing the access of the different offices to connect with each other. The performance of the network is improved with the configuration of the switch port as host. The VLANs used for each of the department can be extended by addition of another VLAN and the traffic can be separated for reducing the traffic and increasing the efficiency of the network. The switch is also configured with spanning tree and the default VLAN is removed from the spanning tree list such that it cannot be used for communication and the traffic in the network can be controlled.

Addressing solution

Network Address: 10.0.0.0/21

Number of IP address available for the network: 2046

Required number of IP address: 1130

Number of IP address available in the subnet: 2036

For the configuration of the interface of the router the first IP address of the subnet plan is used and it acts as the gateway for the hosts to communicate with the host connected with the other interface of the router. In the switch the VLAN must be defined with a name and number for segmentation of the network. The unused ports of the switches should be blocked such that it cannot be accessed by any other device for connecting with the network. The routers also needs to be configured with EIGRP because it consumes very less resources, only the hello packets are needed to be transmitted on the network. If there is any changes in the network the changes in the routing table are propagated and the load of the network can be reduced because it does not needs the whole routing table to be reloaded.

Host per network jumps over 1024 per building

If there is an increase in the host per building to 1024, the subnet of the network needs to be re calculated and the mask address needs to be changed because the increased host cannot be accommodated per subnet of the network address. The whole configuration of the network should be done from the scratch because the default gateway address and the range allocated for the DHCP pool should also be changed. The change in the router configuration with the new address plan can handle the new changes in the network.

Conclusion

From the above report it can be concluded that the proposal of the new network solution would benefit the organization to efficiently communicate with the remote branches of the organization. The main focus for the security should be given on the resources and servers installed in the central office of the organization and it should be secured from illegal access. The documentation of the address plan is also important because it can be used as a reference for configuring the interfaces of the hardware device used for connecting with the hosts located in the branches. The traffic management is also necessary and the current network traffic should be monitored by the network administrator for maintaining the security of the network and protect it from different attacks. 

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