Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in the UK
The current assignment discusses nursing care practices for type 2 diabetes management in United Kingdom. Type 2 diabetes management is one of the most common illnesses affecting almost one fourth of the population within the United Kingdom. Reports and evidences have shown that around 90 % people in UK are affected with type 2 diabetes (Powers et al. 2015). It has been suggested that global diabetes cause a death in every six seconds and accounts which accounts to 8.4% of global mortality in the age group of 20-79. As reported by Wilkinson et al. (2014), 48% of deaths occur in the ones below the age group of 60 years. Evidences have pointed out that people with type 2 diabetes have a 55.1% increased risk myocardial infarction (Mulder et al. 2015). Evidences have shown that improving dietary habits, active lifestyle and reducing weight are some of the manners in which the risk of CVD in diabetes affected people could be controlled (Munshi et al. 2016). The rise in blood glucose level has been linked with the development of diabetes neuropathy. Under this, the nerves which are responsible for the transmission of impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the blood vessels, muscles, skin, and other organs are affected severely. Therefore, severe diabetic neuropathy can lead to leg amputations which can affect the daily life of people. The nursing practitioners have been seen to improve the health outcomes for patients affected with type 2 diabetes by their capacity to effectively manage and monitor the medication doses without the need for authorization from the physician (Evert et al. 2014).
To find out the influence of the nursing care on the lifestyle and condition management of people affected with type 2 diabetes.
The researcher had employed a secondary research design for the gathering of the required data. The researcher had used secondary database sources for extracting sufficient information. The researcher had used a number of search criteria for finding out the articles. In this respect, only articles published within the last 10 years had been taken by the researcher for consideration. Additionally, the articles and journals published in language other than English were excluded by the researcher. The researcher had developed a number of themes based upon the review of the articles. The similar themes had been further grouped together for the purpose of data interpretation by the researcher. The researcher had also taken into consideration the different research gaps during the framing of the research objectives. The thematic analysis helped the researcher in removing the research biases. During the process of conducting the thematic analysis the researcher had employed a number of exclusion criteria. For example the articles which are more or less representing the same idea had been eliminated for the convenience of the research. Additionally, the researcher has used a number of keywords for finding out the correct articles such as nursing care, management, type 2 diabetes. Some of the databases which had been used by the researcher are -PUBMED, NCBI, etc. Additionally, the researcher had also collected data from practical scenario such as health records from some of the local hospices to check the affectivity of the nursing care in treatment and management of the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
Factors Affecting Health Outcomes of Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Article cited: Everett, J. and Kerr, D., 1998. Nurse-led management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 2, pp.12-22.
The article discusses the implementation of a nurse driven support services for the ones diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Here, a structured holistic approach has replaced the traditional model and enables the patients to self manage their own care. A cohort group of 156 patients were selected who were made a part of the programme for three years. The patients were provided with education group session and diabetic consultations. The topics of consultation or education covered in the programme were- managing diabetes health complications, food and dietary management etc. The programme received success both with primacy care patients and colleagues. The paper helped me to evaluate the role of the nurses in helping the patients affected with type 2 diabetes self mange their conditions.
Article cited: Macdonald, L., Stubbe, M., Tester, R., Vernall, S., Dowell, T., Dew, K., Kenealy, T., Sheridan, N., Docherty, B., Gray, L. and Raphael, D., 2013. Nurse-patient communication in primary care diabetes management: an exploratory study. BMC nursing, 12(1), p.20.
The paper discusses the different aspects of nurse patient communication in type 2 diabetes management. A cohort group consisting of 18 patients and 10 nurses were designed. Separate interviews were conducted for the patients and the nurses at the end of six months. The analysis was done using ethnography and interaction analysis. However, both the nurses and the patient reported that they felt helped though the extended clinical communication as it led to more transparency. The study helped me in understanding the aspect of implementation of evidence based communication approaches in an acute care setup.
Article cited: Graffigna, G., Barello, S., Libreri, C. and Bosio, C.A., 2014. How to engage type-2 diabetic patients in their own health management: implications for clinical practice. BMC public health, 14(1), p.648.
The assignment focuses on the use of patient engagement assessment tools which firmly based on individual patient experience. The paper explores the reasons for the disengagement of diabetes patient. A narrative qualitative inquiry approach was followed to ascertain the reasons. It was found that the patient reacted to their diabetes care framework through a number of dimensions which are –cognitive, behavioural and emotional. The paper helped me in understanding the development of patient engagement through several phases.
Article cited: Parker, D., Maresco-Pennisi, D., Clifton, K., Shams, R. and Young, J., 2016. Practice nurse involvement in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a general practice: results from a systematic review. International journal of evidence-based healthcare, 14(2), pp.41-52.
Role of Nursing Practitioners in Type 2 Diabetes Management
The paper here evaluates the benefits of providing a standard care to patient affected with type 2 diabetes compared to general care management strategies. It helps in understanding the additional benefits brought about by the involvement of nurses within the care plan. Here randomised control trials were used evaluating the responses in patients health outcome though additional support from nurse. Standardised appraisal instruments from jonnas brigg’s institute were used for article review. Statistical Meta analysis was used for quantitative data interpretation. The results showed significant improvement in cholesterol and blood pressure level of the patients affected with type 2 diabetes. The paper helped me in learning regarding the parameters of quantitative data estimation.
Article cited: Vissarion, B., Malliarou, M., Theofilou, P. and Zyga, S., 2014. Improvement of diabetic patients nursing care by the development of educational programs. Health psychology research, 2(1), pp.58-65.
The paper analyses the improvement of diabetes care in patient through nursing educational programs. A systematic review had been conducted over here for the collection of data. The results show improved patient outcomes with development of an effective care plan and formation of support groups. The study helped me in understanding the importance of counselling support programs for management of patient health.
During my practise session as type 2 diabetes care nurse I had come across a number of situations. They have contributed significantly in shaping up my nursing skills as a specialist care nurse. Some of these have helped me in honing my skills better and also in developing a personalized and effective care plan for the patients. Some of the challenges which have been faced by me in the delivery of the nursing care are insufficient patient engagement, lack of support from the family members of the patient and the healthcare staffs. Additionally, lack of finances can also challenge the success of a diabetes care plan. Long term diabetes can make managing daily life difficult for the patients owing to a number of health obligations such as the leg amputations and diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, gaining knowledge regarding some of the evidence based practise methods can me in better accessing and dealing with some of the patients. Some of the practise methods such as holistic care regimen and evidence based communication methods can help me in gathering of sufficient patient details. Additionally, knowledge regarding changes in lifestyle approach can help the patients affected with type 2 diabetes improve their living standards and also reduces the number of hospital visits within a year. Self care and medication management are some of the top priorities of nursing care practices in diabetes management (Wilkinson et al. 2014).
Importance of Patient Engagement and Communication
Moreover, reflecting upon one of my last clinical sessions I also think I need to develop knowledge regarding the methods of development of patient engagement. As commented by Evert et al. (2014), a disengaged patient is less expected to response positively to a particular treatment method compared to a patient with utmost cooperation levels. I most importantly think I need to develop and make my communication skills stronger which will help me in better relating to the grievances of the patient. It was seen that clinical communication was driven more out of the agenda of the nurses and was restricted in its mode of dissemination of information to the patients. Additionally, practical or in-house training sessions can also help me in understanding the assessment methods better.
The life expectancy of an individual diagnosed with type 2 diabetes reduced drastically. For an individual in their mid 50s detected with type 2 diabetes, the life expectancy is around 6 years. This is because type 2 diabetes develops a lot of health problems and complications within the patient affected with the same. Some of these can have much bigger consequences over the life of an individual which could be improved with the help of effective nursing care.
References
Everett, J. and Kerr, D., 1998. Nurse-led management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 2, pp.12-22.
Evert, A.B., Boucher, J.L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S.A., Franz, M.J., Mayer-Davis, E.J., Neumiller, J.J., Nwankwo, R., Verdi, C.L., Urbanski, P. and Yancy, W.S., 2014. Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes care, 37(Supplement 1), pp.S120-S143.
Furler, J.S., Blackberry, I.D., Walker, C., Manski-Nankervis, J.A., Anderson, J., O’Neal, D., Young, D. and Best, J., 2014. Stepping up: a nurse-led model of care for insulin initiation for people with type 2 diabetes. Family practice, 31(3), pp.349-356.
Graffigna, G., Barello, S., Libreri, C. and Bosio, C.A., 2014. How to engage type-2 diabetic patients in their own health management: implications for clinical practice. BMC public health, 14(1), p.648.
Macdonald, L., Stubbe, M., Tester, R., Vernall, S., Dowell, T., Dew, K., Kenealy, T., Sheridan, N., Docherty, B., Gray, L. and Raphael, D., 2013. Nurse-patient communication in primary care diabetes management: an exploratory study. BMC nursing, 12(1), p.20.
Mulder, B.C., Lokhorst, A.M., Rutten, G.E. and van Woerkum, C.M., 2015. Effective nurse communication with type 2 diabetes patients: a review. Western journal of nursing research, 37(8), pp.1100-1131.
Munshi, M.N., Florez, H., Huang, E.S., Kalyani, R.R., Mupanomunda, M., Pandya, N., Swift, C.S., Taveira, T.H. and Haas, L.B., 2016. Management of diabetes in long-term care and skilled nursing facilities: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 39(2), pp.308-318.
Parker, D., Maresco-Pennisi, D., Clifton, K., Shams, R. and Young, J., 2016. Practice nurse involvement in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a general practice: results from a systematic review. International journal of evidence-based healthcare, 14(2), pp.41-52.
Powers, M.A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M.M., Fischl, A.H., Maryniuk, M.D., Siminerio, L. and Vivian, E., 2015. Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(8), pp.1323-1334.
Vissarion, B., Malliarou, M., Theofilou, P. and Zyga, S., 2014. Improvement of diabetic patients nursing care by the development of educational programs. Health psychology research, 2(1), pp.58-65.
Wilkinson, A., Whitehead, L. and Ritchie, L., 2014. Factors influencing the ability to self-manage diabetes for adults living with type 1 or 2 diabetes. International journal of nursing studies, 51(1), pp.111-122.
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