Organisational Structure And Leadership Style: Keys To Innovation And Success In Amazon

Defining Organisational Structure and Leadership Style

The business required several aspects to accomplish success and growth (Afsar, Masood and Umrani, 2019). For this, each business required organisational structure as well as leadership style to operate activities in competitive marketplace. This is important to understand each terms of research title. Organisational structure is regarded as system which outlines about activities that are directed for attainment of goals of organisation. The activities of structure are responsibilities, rules and roles and others. This also determines about flowing of information among several levels within company. With the adoption of right structure in business will provide clarity to employees, providing aid in meeting expectations, making best decision along with providing consistency. The business charts also leads to assign responsibility, workflow and completing tasks on provided time. On other side, leadership style is defined as leader’s characteristics behaviours to motivate, direct, manage and guide groups of people. The leaders need to motivate others for performing, innovating and creating in effective way. The organisational structure and leadership style provides innovation and success to business to work in competitive place. In addition to this, it is essential to determine which structure and style is suitable for firm to conduct several operations and activities. The right structure and style make work simple and easy and run business activities and operations in long run.

The topic of research is to evaluate organisational structure as well as effect of leadership styles in organisation innovation and success (Abdullah and Anwar, 2021). The leadership as well as innovation are statements about action. The person is leading others for work performance. The people as well as organisation make innovation to work on new ideas. The change in world has also impacted leadership style and organisational structure to attain success and growth. According to nature and size of business, structure is determined. The leadership style varies from person to person due to several aspects and accomplishes outcomes. Moreover, the innovative leaders achieve an immediate success and long term goals. With the establishment of innovative leaders, it also raises trust within employees and performs work in alternative ways to run business operations and activities. Also, an organisational structure is formal control that leads to enhance performance of innovation through coordinating among several functional units, decline uncertainty, raises cost effectiveness and lower mistakes.

The selected organisation for given research is Amazon which was founded in 5th July, 1994 headquarters at Washington, United States (Alblooshi, Shamsuzzaman and Haridy, 2020). This is serving worldwide and regarded as American multinational technology company that focuses on cloud-computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence and digital streaming. This is one of big five companies in context of U.S. information technology industry. The products are echo, fire TV, fire OS, fire tablet and services are Amazon prime video, Amazon.com, Amazon Alexa, Amazon music, Amazon web services and others. The numbers of employees in business are 1,468,000. Amazon is renowned brand and large numbers of people are connected with to purchase several products and services and meet their requirements.

Amazon has different subsidiaries companies such as A9.com, Amazon Maritime, Audible.com, Brilliance Audio, Eero, Health Navigator, Junglee, Ring, Shelfari, Twitch and other (Adam, Indradewa and Syah, 2020). It is the first business that has launched distributed network in year 1997 and consists of several kind of facilities such as sortation centres, fulfilment centres, Prime now hubs, Prime air hubs, delivery stations and others. It has 75 centres and 25 sortation centres with 125,000 employees and those are liable to perform works like unpacking as well as inspecting arrival of products, placing goods as well as recording location, picking from recorded location, sorting and packing orders and shipping. These all activites are carried in sequence to meet with requirements of customers and business. The business has also responded in quick manner during pandemic by paying overtime and hazard pay, additional hiring in salary of employees and other. The main goal of Amazon is building sustainable enterprise for customers, employees and communities. It has also worked hard to drive net-zero carbon for future where people are providing support to value chain to provide equal treatment with respect as well as dignity. It is famous online business that started journey from books and in current time selling more than 100 number of products.

Impact of Organisational Structure and Leadership Style on Innovation and Success

Amazon is electronic commerce as well as cloud computing which is a largest retailer measured in terms of market capitalisation as well as revenue (Chammas and da Costa Hernandez, 2019). This has applied pure convenience and physical visit to bookstore and searching for latest title. The organisational structure is providing top-down control over international e-commerce operations. It is ideal to possess several operations in several business areas. It is important for Amazon to maintain structure in order to support for diverse as well as expand market reach. The respective business has followed functional structure which focuses on several functions as well as components for knowing interactions as well as reporting relationship between several elements.

The main problem arises while conducting research is in terms of time, skilled people, cost and other. These are major problems of research work and creates problem for better results (Alrowwad and Abualoush, 2020). The identification of such problem will help to move in right path and accomplish desired outcomes. The researcher has to consider such problem and work accordingly to complete given work in particular time and gain highest results. With the adoption of right path, it is easy to conduct work and enhance success and growth. Moreover, respective business needs to identify problems faced by them so that they could conduct operations as per their requirements. Moreover, researcher encounter problems in collection of data and information as some site and article provide information that is different from other. In addition to this, problem should be identified by researcher to meet goal and objectives.

The statement of purpose of research work is to know organisational structure and leadership style required by business for better results (Alshammari, 2020). The right structure guide to move in correct path and lead follower for highest results. The structure makes allocation of several roles, responsibilities among one another and makes their people to carry them accordingly. The leaders guide and lead other team members to follow them so that they move in right way for success and growth. The research has conducted with purpose to identify structure and leadership style needed by business to operate several functions and accomplish results.

The statement of problem of research is identification of structure and leadership styles adopted by business for conducting several activities and operations (Berraies and El Abidine,  2019). The several structures are found and make difficulty for enterprise to follow right one and gain results. The right leadership style makes leaders to follow proper path and direction and move accordingly. The problems should be framed and work on it for better outcomes. The main problem arise is identification of right structure and leadership style for Amazon business and ways to conduct several activites and operations.

For conducting any research, aim and objectives are required to be framed. The provided topic is based on evaluation of organisational structure and leadership style for work accomplishment and gain positive results. The research aim and objectives are as follows:

“Analysing the business development of Amazon with the current organisational models and leadership styles”

• To examine Amazon’s organisational structure
• To determine type of organisational structure used by Amazon
• To analyse organisational structures
• To know types of leadership style used by Amazon

The Case of Amazon: An Overview

The research questions are framed on basis of set objectives. They are as follows:

• What is the Amazon’s organisational structure?
• What are the types of organisational structure does Amazon use?
• What are the ways to analyse organisational structures?
• What are the leadership styles does Amazon use?

The researcher has to make structure for dissertation so that they could work on it and accomplish positive results. With the help of right structure, it is easy to sub-divide topics and accordingly collect several data and information. The right data methods are required to be adopted by researcher for provided topic. The dissertation structure is divided into five chapters (Bilan and et. al., 2020). The first chapter is introduction that focuses on background to research, organisational background, significance, statement of purpose and problem, aims and objectives, research questions. The second chapter is literature review that focuses on existing work of previous authors to support research question. The third is research methodology that focuses on methodology applied by researcher in terms of research strategy, design, data collection methods, collection instruments, sampling, ethics and validity. The fourth chapter is data analysis and finding where primary research is applied and questionnaire is prepared to support literature review by using tables, graphs and others. The fifth is conclusion and recommendations where conclusion is made for entire report and on basis of it recommendations are provided to complete research work. Therefore, research dissertation should be understand and use easy and simple language to avoid further issues and problems.

This chapter discusses literature review which is evaluation as well as search of available literature in provided subject of topic (Ardi and et. al., 2020). It documents state of art in respect to subject and synthesis information in literature into provided summary. The literature review of set research objectives are as follows:

As per views of article (2021), organisational structure consists of three primary elements such as:

Overarching global hierarchy- The corporations are swear through hierarchical structures. It is first kind of organisational structure as well as business using to reach globally. The hierarchy is expressed in global aspect of lines of authority which influences firm’s operations. For instance, leader is exercising control over senior executives as well as managers to apply directives with help of sectors to control either at own discretion or direction of leaders. They have also focused on providing direction to all people working under them to attain results. The overarching hierarchies are making complete managerial control in business in case of several products, divisions and services and attain results.

Global groups based on function- It is strongest part of structure that is based on global groups. The business function has dedicated group that is headed through executive level manager. With the structure, business has way to run efficiently as well as successfully manage e-commerce operations within business. Such structure is making business to make operations in context of new as well as emerging markets. The primary groups of organisation are CEO of office web services, finance, development of business and corporate, legal, worldwide controller, affairs of corporate and others.

Geographic divisions with own sub-divisions- Business has organisational structure which are incorporating geographic divisions (Asif, 2020). The business is divided into groups on basis of physical locations as well as business goals. For instance, Inc is regarded as e-commerce arm of company and using such divisions for managing e-commerce on basis of regions to regulate framework and overcome challenges of logistics. The strategic advantages provided through help of elements of business into geographic divisions which has made firm to provide high quality of products and services to address problem or issues to each region and making work more simple and easy. The business has different geographic divisions like North America, international and other.

Amazon’s Organisational Structure and its Impact on Innovation and Success

The organisation structure of business is highly effective at it provide support for global growth in case of different markets. It has gained success in order to expand as well as grow in several areas of operation to provide testament to work in well and efficient manner. The benefits that are identify by administration in case of hierarchical structure is enabling to quickly address as well as implement directives from stakeholders, managers, executives at global nations. The division of global and geographic are providing advantages in order to support and focus on several facets of geographic as well as business location that is coming with own conditions of economic and challenges.

According to view of John Dudovskiy (2020), organisational structure is divided into hierarchical.  The team of senior management is divided into three aspects such as three CEOs and senior vice presidents to be liable for several aspects of business reporting to CEO. The structure is divided into three aspects such as:

Hierarchical corporate structure- The hierarchical structure of business needs to develop immense size of enterprise (Baig and et. al., 2021). The largest retailer in context of world is in terms of employing more than 647000 people across world.

Business flexibility- This is important to note that business has large size and companies having hierarchical organisational structure. The respective business has adopted flexibility for adopting changes in context of outside marketplace. The online retail giant has leads to adopt changes in context of external business surrounding and caused through disruptive innovation in terms of e-commerce as well as knowing cause of disruptive innovation in case of global logistics industry. It is because of visionary as well as effective leadership adopted by firm founder as well as CEO.

Stability in top management- Stability is regarded as key aspect in context of organisation. The largest internet company is earning revenue in terms of experiences and important power players for company.

According to opinion of Pauline Meyer (2019), the organisational structure of business has made extensive control on global e-commerce operations (Bastari, Eliyana and Wijayanti, 2020). The structure or business has created design as well as system to make interaction between members of business. For example, the corporate of firm structure has determines regarding direction of managers and influence operational activites in different areas of business. The leading business has maintained structure to provide support to expand business to reach market. With the corporate structure, it is also to provide benefits to business to add value to products and diversification of business in effective way. The designing of structure has complemented foundation of technological administration. The implementation has made by business structure to determine factor in context of ability of business to know effects of competitors like Apple, Walmart, Microsoft and Google and other with online as well as non-online operations. With the consideration of aggressive competition, it is easy to characteristics business to continue success of e-commerce firm. This has made to control managerial activities and operations of business in competitive place. The structure has made to manage control and initiatives. The structure characteristics are providing support to new product launching in case of e-commerce market and diversify operations in effective way. The elements of structure capture necessities of business that is based on elements of new business and represent diversified enterprise.

Amazon’s Leadership Styles: Analysis and Implications

Organisation has followed functional structure and mainly focuses on bases to determine interaction between elements of organisation (Begum and et. al., 2020). It has included geographic divisions, global function and global hierarchy. In this, business structure has grouped employees through help of particular skills or related jobs. The business operate under functional structure as it provide help to group who possess similar kind of knowledge and applied in environment of team and aid in accomplishment of desired goals and objectives.

As per view of Indeed Editorial Team (2021), business needs to follow organisational structure to provide support in terms of size as well as business goals (10 Types of Organizational Structures (With Pros and Cons), 2022). With the effective communication, it is easy to clear organisational structure to provide aid to employees and understand roles and correspond expectations and informs goal-setting. The organisational structure is also regarded as org structure or organogram structure which outlines hierarchy within business and describing responsibilities, roles and lines of command which exist to accomplish business goals. The establishment of clear relationship among departments helps in providing clarity, focuses and efficiency to staff and know who report whom and attain goals. The different types of organisational structure are as follows:

Hierarchical structure- In this, employees are grouped as well as assigned supervisor (Chandolia and Anastasiou, 2020). This is common kind of structure and employees are grouped together by geography, role, function or kind of products and services provided by them. It is depicted through pyramid due to several levels of authority having highest level of leadership at top to direct employees. This provides benefits in terms of establishment of defined levels of authority, promotion of teamwork as well as department and fostering development of employees and creation of opportunity. It also provides disadvantages in terms of collaboration, restriction of innovation and creation of bureaucracy.

Functional structure- In this, business is divided into groups through responsibilities, roles and specialties. For instance, business possess marketing department, sales and finance with each overseen through manager and supervisor need to view different departments. This is providing benefits to trust employees because of their skills and knowledge to provide support for goals. The main benefits of structure are in terms of establishment of roles and expectations; improve performance as well as productivity and development and specialisation of skills. This also carried disadvantages in terms of barriers, limited communication between employees.

Matrix structure- This is presenting grid in that employees possess similar kind of skills that are grouped collectively as well as reporting to one another (Cortes and Herrmann, 2020). It includes functional manager to view overseas projects as well as progress and product manager is liable for success and strategy regarding product offerings. The matrix is applied by large as well as multinational business and promoting sharing of knowledge and skills across departments for completing goals in effective ways. It also provides benefits for flexible work surrounding, fostering balanced procedure of decision making and open communication in business. This also provides disadvantages of creating confusion budget tracking and limit efficiency in case of key performance indicators.

Challenges in Conducting Research on Organisational Structure and Leadership Style

Flat structure- The levels of middle management are removed in order to separate staff level employees from upper level (do Adro and Leitão, 2020). The employees are provided with high responsibility and power of decision making without using hierarchical pressures or supervision to become more productive. Such structure is applied by small business and early start-ups required less employees and manage project work. This is regarded as horizontal structure. With the adoption of such structure leads to decline cost of budgets, build relationship and facilitate procedure of decision making. In addition to this, it also provides disadvantages in requiring planning, causing confusion and contingency to resolve conflicts.

Divisional Structure- In case of divisional structure, business has split work into particular products, geographies and services. It is applied by large business to operate in huge geographic areas. The division has executive leadership, resources and departments. For instance, large software business possesses separate business on kind of product that is cloud software, personal computing and corporate software division. The main benefits of structure are to promote particular products, meet divisions and allow divisions to work independently. The disadvantages are limitation of scale, decentralised decision making and resources duplicate.  

As per view of article, organisational structure has aligns as well as relates aspect of organisation to achieve maximise performance (Understanding Organizational Structures, 2022). The structure has selected success in order to carry out strategy as well as objectives. The leadership need to understate benefits, characteristics and limitations of several structures to provide assist in strategic alignment. These addresses following topics in context to structure are aligning structure with business strategy, elements of structure, kinds of structure and knowing benefits and limitations of each. The organisational structure is method in which work is flown through business and allows working in collective manner with individuals to manage tasks and accomplish desired outcomes.

As per the view of Rabiul and Yean, 2021, as there is numerous structure an association can work within it. Hence it is important to identify the best and appropriate structure according to the workplace environment. There is a requirement for change in working pattern according to organizational structure, hence the managers of business cannot switch to one another structure frequently. The change in organizational structure might cause an issue in fast and frequent services to consumers. With the help of a business model, the managers of firm can identify which working model is best and can work over it. There are pros and cons of all the organizational structures such as functional structures can work effectively but because of large-scale organization and working on a remote basis. It is important and difficult for workers to determine the cost of operations of different organizational structures because hampers their working style and does not assist in maintaining and collaborating with other associations (Rehman and Iqbal, 2020). 

Business is working in different sectors such as online shopping applications, entertainment, retail services, web services, etc. hence they have to serve consumers in different ways. Managers need to identify the consumer demand and provide their best services as per time. For instance: in a flat organizational structure, the managers of business cannot take all the consumers the same because they have different choices in different sectors. Hence, in this case, the involvement of top-level managers is essential because subordinates cannot work their own and serve consumers with the best services. But at the same time, with the help of flat culture, the work accountability increases for the subordinate level of workers, hence they try their best to satisfy consumers serving in minimal time. 

Statement of Purpose and Research Questions

In the words of Radwan, 2020, in the current era, the changes in demand of consumers are very fast, hence the best matrix structure might confuse the mind of workers and they cannot accountable to supervisors properly. In business, there are different and numerous projects running at the same time, hence the workers have to consult and conduct numerous operations frequently. As per the current market conditions, if consumers do not get fast and appropriate services, then they might switch to another brand which is also a loss to the company, hence to deal with this issue, the managers have to use two or more organizational structures at national and international level. For instance: if firm is working with a hierarchical organizational structure in the UK, then they must also use functional structure at the international level, so they can coop up with other branches of the association (Rinfret, et. al., 2020).

As per the words of Rinfret, et. al., 2020, the leadership style must be used according to the working culture of the organization. With the help of a proper leadership style, the workers and employees must have to conduct and plan activities in an organized manner. There are many changes in the working culture and environment, hence individuals need to understand the changes in the operations through which they can manage and maintain activities in a better way. The best leadership style for business is the Democratic leadership style under which the employee has the right and power to perform activities as their own considering the circumstances. With the help of this leadership style, the performance and actions of workers must be planned and organized properly (Sawaean and Ali, 2020). Managers need to think about the mind set of workers and then manage and maintain activities properly.

As per Zamin and Hussin, 2021, with the help of a democratic leadership style, the managers of business can plan activities considering further operations, so they have to identify the changes and business activities properly. Individuals need to understand the relevance of leadership style and appropriately perform organizational activities. When workers are guided and directed properly, then they can perform business activities as per their mind set and give a specific reason behind it. As per market trends, it is determined that when managers of organisation use a democratic leadership style, then they prefer the changes and alterations according to the external market this will lead the consumers with the best services. According to market trends, it is determined that business activities are well managed when workers are properly guided by top-level managers (Rabiul and Yean, 2021). A company needs to understand the relevance of leadership style through which they can manage and direct their operations properly. Numerous activities need to be planned by managers but conducted by workers, so with the full delegation of authority, they also have fear in mind regarding conducting operations. This helps and assists in planning business activities according to current market plans. As there is high competition for business, they have to understand and identify the changes happening in the market and then consult with workers, so they can perform business operations properly considering the overall organizational growth of the association (Radwan, 2020).

With the help of the best leadership approach, the workers can conduct and plan activities in a better and appropriate manner. Some many activities and operations will lead in planning organizational growth such as expanding business in a new variant, diversification of business, etc. so this is possible with joint efforts of workers and managers’ working policies (Rehman and Iqbal, 2020). It is important for a company to understand the market trends because they get changed with surroundings and market place. The workers of firm are also from different geographical regions, hence managers have to synchronize their mind set to provide a clear understanding of working style within the association (Rehman, 2019).

As per opinion of Kendra Cherry (2021), leadership style is regarded as characteristics behaviours to direct, guide, motivate and manage groups of people (Leadership Styles and Frameworks You Should Know, 2022). The leaders inspire political movements as well as social change and motivate others for performance, innovation and creation. The great leaders immediately view several differences in order to lead each others. There are several kinds of leadership style that are needed by leaders for work performance and accomplish highest results. It has found that there is need of established as well as influential leadership styles to provide spring board for defined leadership theories and accomplish desired outcomes.

As per the views of Rehman, 2019, four leadership styles assist in conducting activities and operations in a better and effective manner. When leaders guide and motivate workers to give their best and try to deliver the best services, then it assists in improving the overall performance of the company. There is a requirement for changes in working style because of consumers’ preferences and high competition in the industry. The e-commerce websites are working and operating in different sectors, hence in this case the change in operations and activities is required and essential. The leadership styles are as under-

Autocratic style- This is the style where all the decision-making rights lie with top-level managers and they have to take all the decisions regarding working style. In short, the workers cannot conduct and plan operations as their own, hence it might cause dissatisfaction among workers. But at the same time, the workers need not worry about their actions because they perform operations as per the given orders of supervisors (Sawaean and Ali, 2020). According to the working environment of business, the autocratic working style is not positive because it bounds the workers and requires much time for conducting activities properly.

Democratic leadership style- This style talks about the participation of workers in the decision-making, hence opposite of autocratic style. Many workers are working in the firm in different positions, so in this case, the ideas and thoughts of workers must also be applied, so new working conditions can be achieved. It is important and relevant for managers to ask with workers and delegate some responsibilities to them as well. When they feel responsible, they will try to give their best and feel a responsible and important part of the company. This gives a positive impact on others as well and creates a positive working environment in the association. There are many changes in working style, so workers are ready to accept it because they are delegated with some important rules and tasks.

Laissez-faire leadership style- this is the style in which there is no interference of employees and managers in their working operations. As per this leadership style, the managers and subordinates do not have a link with each other, so they conduct and plan their operations on their own. There is no direction from supervisors to subordinates; hence the employees of firm will be liable for their actions. In case of any wrong deed, the employee will be liable and it raises the question of their performance. The leaders play a crucial role in this leadership style because they have to delegate resources and responsibility as per their skills, knowledge, and experience. It is important and relevant for managers to understand the changes and deliver operations accordingly (Zaman, Nadeem and Nawaz, 2020).

With the help of a proper leadership style, the performance and activities of workers will be in a positive direction. It is essential and relevant for managers to understand the changes and their importance for organizational growth and development. The change in business activities will lead to conducting business activities in a more diluted and positive manner. With the help of one best leadership style, the performance of firm can identify better results by managing and delivering better results. It is significant for employees to share their thoughts and ideas in a better way, so they can adequately perform activities and operations (Zaman, Nadeem and Nawaz, 2020).

This chapter discusses about tools and techniques that are applied to collect data and information in effective way (Escrig and Gómez, 2020). It is particular process that is applied to identify, select and analyse all information of particular topic. Research methodology has allowed evaluating reliability as well as validity in critical manner. It is applied to monitor collected data and information by researcher and changes to detect them in proper way. This will keep updating progress and knows study is doing and enhances. The research methodology has applied to measure and monitor all kinds of data and information that are use in provided research aim and objectives. With the application of right methodology, it is easy to gather information. They are described below:

This is regarded as belief regarding way in that data knows phenomenon to gather, analysed and applied (Darwish and et. al., 2020). It knows several philosophies of research approach and attain highest results. There are four kind of research philosophy such as pragmatism, realism, positivism and interpretivism. The researcher has applied positivism which is highly structured, measurement, large samples, qualitative and quantitative research. With the application of this, it is easy to accomplish highest results. The organisational structure and leadership style has applied positivism as large data and information are collected for respective topic.

It is regarded as plans as well as process for research span which steps from broad assumptions to know in details methods of collection of data, analysis and interpretation (Farahnak and et. al., 2020). The two types of research approach are inductive and deductive. In this research work, researcher has applied inductive research work as it is efficient in nature and provides long term results. This is including search for pattern from observation as well as development of explanations theories to know pattern with help of series hypothesis. This provides experiences in terms of reach conclusions to generate theory. It is form of reasoning to apply in order to understand as well as knowledge to establish relationship among theory and observations. The leadership and structure provide success and innovation to Amazon as in depth information is gather and any issues if founds are solved before any critical aspect take place.

This is step-by-step plan of action which provides effective direction to researcher’s thought procedure (Farrukh, Lee and Shahzad, 2019). The main purpose is introducing principal elements of study in terms of research topic, research design, major focus, areas and finally research methods. The types of research strategy are quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. In this qualitative is applied by investigator to collect information regarding assigned topic of research. The qualitative provide information of topic in depth manner as all aspects are discussed deeply to reach to final end outcomes. The research strategy is prepared for leadership style and organisational structure to gain success and innovation in long run.

This is defined as strategy which selects to integrate several elements of study in logical as well as coherent way to address research problem (Gemeda and Lee, 2020). It is blueprint for collection, analysis and measurement of data. The different types of research design are correlational, experimental, descriptive and causal comparative. The researcher has applied descriptive research design where in-depth study is conducted to attain outcomes. This provides relevant information regarding topic so that positive results are attained. While collecting information by Amazon, it is essential to make proper analysis and description of all record that is relevant to topic. Moreover, research design provides solution to research topic and work on it for accomplishment of desired outcomes.

It is defined as procedure of collecting and measuring information on provided topic of interest in effective way to answer question for asked research questions, testing hypothesis and evaluating outcomes and evaluating outcomes (Hadi and Tola, 2019). The applied data collection methods are primary and secondary. In case of primary research, questionnaire has been asked to participant and responses are recorded. Also, secondary research is performed with help of literature review where data and information are collected with help of existing reviews, articles and others. The in-depth study is collected for assigned topic and previous studies have considered accomplishing highest results. The secondary data method has considered collecting data and information. There are several studies that have been done in provided research topic.

This is defined as questionnaires, interview schedules and tests, inventories, rating scales or guides that are applied to collect data and information for identical items from respondents (Karatepe, Aboramadan and Dahleez, 2020). In this research work, investigator has applied interview instruments where they collect all relevant data and information from people and consider their response for asked open and closed questions in effective way. The questions are framed on basis of assigned topic to get response from respondents through help of interview. The answer varies from person to person and provides aid in collection of data for respective topic. For respondent opinions, open ended questions should be asked and analyse them.

This is the method which allows researchers to information regarding population that is based on results from subset of population without doing investigation of individual (Lam and et. al., 2021). In this research, researcher has applied sample random method to collect data and information. In this, information is collected from random ways and knows their opinion and views regarding assigned topic of work and reach to final end. The random sampling is the easiest and simple where researcher conducts work on basis of random way to collect data and information and accomplish results. This sampling is time and cost saving that provides benefits to data collector.  

This provides results in terms of consistent as well as stable (Muhammed and Zaim, 2020). The particular measure is regarded as reliable if application on same object is produced for same results. It is important for researcher to know reliability for finding value and relevance and accomplish highest outcomes. The researcher prefers reliable data and information of assigned topic by using right tools and techniques of research methodology and attains results.

The validity of research study is to know results among study participant to find true findings among individuals outside study (Hansen and Pihl-Thingvad, 2019). The validity is applicable to clinical studies and includes interventions, prevalence, associations and diagnosis. It is essential to reliable as well as validates of data collection tools to conduct and acquire research for highest results. The evaluation of validity is to calculate correlation among results of measurements as well as results of criterion measurement. If there is high correlation, then it provides good indication to test to measure and intends to measure in effective ways. The researcher has to try best to apply high indicator to collect data and information of provided topic and reach final or end outcomes.

The research ethics helps in providing guidelines for conducting work (Mwesigwa, Tusiime and Ssekiziyivu, 2020). This monitors as well as educates helps in conducting research to maintain ethical standard. The ethnic is important in research work for collection of data from reliable sources and articles. The misuse of information is unethical in case of research work.

Honesty- The research required data, procedures and methods for maintaining honesty and accomplish desired results (Khan and et. al., 2020). This does not require falsifying, fabricating or misrepresenting data and information. The honest data make work of researcher easy and simple and attain outcomes.

Objectivity- The objectives are required to set for carrying research aim. With the help of set objective, it is easy to conduct research work for positive outcomes. The research work is complete with some objectives and highest results are attained.

Carefulness- The researcher has to be very careful in collection of data and information. This required right methods and ways for collection of data to gain better results (Rabiul and Yean, 2021). While handling data and information, researcher has to be careful to avoid further issues and problems. The important data are kept confidentiality without sharing with any unknown parties or sources.

The limitations of research work are as follows:

Lack of previous studies- The researcher faces problem in getting data and information of previous studies and leads to create issues and problem for attainment of specified goal and objectives (Radwan, 2020). The previous studies do not always provide relevant information. Sometime, same topic of research is not found by researcher and might provide incorrect information.

Lack of time- The researcher has less time to collect in-depth information regarding topic. This makes researcher in hurry to reach to final aim and objectives and leads to create problem to collect relevant information of assigned topic (Rehman, Bhatti and Chaudhry, 2019). The researcher has very limited time which is problematic situation for them to collect entire information and accomplish outcomes.

Lack of resources- This is also limitation of research work. In this researcher face issues in terms of resources such as skilled people, data, reliable sources and others (Rehman and Iqbal, 2020). The limitation provides issue to collect information and attain result.

Data analysis refers to the most crucial part which is conducted in the research analysis (Machin, 2019). This data is collected through the usage of logical reasoning and an analytical approach to determine relationships, trends, and patterns. Data analysis is proven to be one of the most effective techniques of quantitative analysis which helps in the research. This chapter covers achieving of objective through the quantitative approach. Data analysis is referred to as the most important part of the research. It is the collection of data and information through different sources and creates an interpretation of the data collected. Further, it helps in achieving the research aim and objective and providing reliable and valid information for a particular topic. In the present research, the researcher is doing research of evaluation of organisation structure and effect of leadership style in the present organisation innovation in success (Teoh, Ahmad, and Ramayah, 2022). The present case study is on Amazon. Here is the data analysis of the present report which is helpful for audience to understand the topic is in better form.

It can be interpreted from the frequency table and graph of the questions in which the employees were asked about the organizational structure. This shows that they have an effective organizational structure and the employees feel satisfied while working in the organization.

Though the employees of Amazon are satisfied with the organizational structure they are looking for changes in the structure to get new sets of changes that will motivate them. Though the current structure is positive making a few more positive changes can result in increased motivation factors in employees. Amazon is one of the electronic commerce and cloud computing companies and is serving all over the world by maintaining its organisation structure who is supporting its employees and market operations by which effectively working towards several functions of the organisation and even managing its relationship with other countries and governments as well. Further, it is interpreted that there are three primary elements which are an Overarching global hierarchy, Global groups based on function, Geographic divisions with their sub-divisions. This is important for a company to work on leadership’s styles and organizational structure to maintain its profitability and revenues. Further, this will be related to the organisational structure and the company is working towards enhancing its operations and functioning. It is being discussed that Amazon is using a hierarchical corporate approach which is resulting in developing the immense size of the organisation. The company is the largest retailer in the world (Nguyen-Duc, Khanna, and Hyrynsalmi, 2022). This can help in developing employees in motivating and getting true direction and guidance from their superiors. In the below diagram, the company is using a hierarchical approach which is to develop its organisational structure and which is resulting in making a better hierarchy.

Amazon’s organisation structure is being divided into the hierarchical corporate structure because it consists of many levels that are effectively performing their job role and each level is having their responsibilities to perform (Sousa, Cunha, and Clegg, 2022). Further, it is discussed that businesses are using a hierarchical corporate structure. These are mostly the largest organisation and are effectively working towards the achievement of organisational goals. These companies work on innovation processes as well in a context where Amazon at a time of covid 19 pandemic, company has created a lot of profit because many people have shifted towards online shopping and reduced offline shopping. So, it becomes more important for them to lead a team in most factor manner, and also leadership skills are helpful for organization and employees as well in behaving positively and enhancing the productivity of the organisation.

From the above Amazon review, it has been seen that it has got five stars and people are getting positive vibes from the company’s business environment (Mahadevan, Elias, and Samaranayake, 2022). As employees have given five ratings which are more happily for company owners. Employees have given a review and said programs are very effective and they work on motivating each employee and improving the standard of living. Further company is also working towards enhancing employees’ productivity through certain programs such as training and development programs, reward sessions, and leadership styles. It has been analyzed that Amazon is using a democratic leadership style which is most helpful for them to engage employees in the decision-making process and create innovation while making any type of decision regarding decisions that are related to products or changing strategies within a business environment. Also, this engages teamwork and results in enhancing the motivation productivity of employees. Further, it brings achievement in company goals and objectives as well.

From the above pie chart, it has been interpreted that managers who are successfully using one leadership style are 54% in a present company. Managers who have successfully used two leadership styles at one time (Rasche, and Brehmer, 2022). These are about 25%. Further 20% of the managers are those who can use three leadership styles at one time and at least one percent of managers who can successfully use all the four types of leadership styles within a business environment. The type of these managers is in less in numbers because good things come less as compared to the more things. So, Amazon is mostly working on using a democratic leadership style which can help managers and leaders in considering all the further operations and identify the changes or any strategies that are can help by involving employees in the decision-making process. Moreover, individual needs to understand the relevance of a leadership style, the business environment of Amazon. Further, this leadership style guides employees towards the achievement of their tasks and also enhances teamwork and collaboration. Further, it results in creating innovation and a creative environment in the workplace which can provide substantial growth opportunities for a company.

It is been discussed that there are various leadership styles such as autocratic, democratic, Laissez-faire leadership styles which can help organizations in performing their objectives successfully and also manage their employees in the workplace in an efficient manner (Fernandez-Vidal, Gonzalez, and Llopis, 2022). Further, these leadership styles result in enhancing employees’ motivation and guiding them in the right direction also enhance skills and knowledge and also create growth opportunities for employees. With the help of a proper leadership style, activities of staff members work towards of positive direction and it becomes necessary for managers to understand all the changes and importance of organizational growth and development. The change in business activity can lead to the conduct of the business activities which is more diluted and in a positive manner (Levy, Morecroft, and Rashidirad, 2022). Further by using one leadership style that is democratic, the performance of Amazon has increased, and also, they have created an innovative working environment that enables employees to share their thoughts and ideas while making decisions and provide their suggestions regarding any strategy or activity performed business environment. 

From the above, it has been discussed that Amazon has increased its profits in the latest year, and also it has increased its sales much because many people and customers have shifted towards online shopping as compared to offline. Because of the lockdown restrictions and travel restrictions by the government (Turhan, 2022). So, this has impacted a company’s sales more because it has increased its revenue and sales as compared to the previous years. Further, from the report, it has been seen that many of the employees of Amazon have died due to covid 19 pandemic which has created a negative impact on the company. Further, the company has also fired many of the employees who are underperformers. Further to work on the leadership and organisational structure company has to analyze the internal and external environment of the business. Also, they should work on understanding employees who come from different backgrounds and analyze their needs and requirement which can help them motivate them and guide them towards the achievement of goals and objectives. Through hierarchical corporate organisation structure employees get the right directions from their managers and leaders as to which task they have to perform and also managers are working on taking reviews and feedback from colleagues every month. So that they could analyse their strength and weaknesses and also the employees who are not performing better or who are performing better (Richard, Walsh, and Young, 2022). This assists them in improving the overall performance of the company and knowing the employee’s needs and demands as well. It has been discussed above that organisation structure should be aligned and relate to the achievement of maximizing the performance and productivity of the organisation. It is important to select an effective organisation structure and leadership style to carry out business functions and activities in a positive manner so that employees should enhance their productivity and create growth opportunities.

On the other hand, sometimes by using a particular leadership style managers can face major challenges which they have to work upon and turn into opportunities. They should work on those issues and try to overcome these as soon as possible. Further at the time of the pandemic, Amazon has worked with its employees more through virtual communication which has resulted in creating a positive impact on their business environment and creating an innovative culture (Egger, and Gokce, 2022). It will be resulting in managing all the activities and functioning of the business effectively and developing growth opportunities for future as well. It is analysed that the employees want the organizational structure to be reviewed on a regular basis as it will help Amazon in dealing with the frequent changes in the dynamic environment. The research agreed upon the fact that the organizational structure of Amazon should be reviewed on a regular basis. It can be interpreted from the Amazon case study and published information that most of the people undertaken in the survey agree that the current organizational structure of company is positively impacting the productivity of employees.

The impact of organizational structure depends on the growth and profitability of the respective company. The organization structure of the company directly contributes to the process of increased growth prospects and profitability in the organization. The impact that leadership style used in the organization has on the productivity factor. The leadership style followed in the organization is highly effective and it will derive productivity factor in the organization. The impact of leaders on the organization has on the motivation factor of the employees. Amazon has good leaders and they have good abilities to motivate the employees to a great extent. This is directly helpful in achieving the objectives as the employees will work to their full potential. This innovative idea that is brought into the business because of the leadership style followed in Amazon. The data was collected by extensive research in which employees are the main backbone for company helping to reach the targeted goals. The leadership style followed in Amazon helps bring a set of innovative ideas in the business. Innovative ideas directly contribute to the growth of the business in the market as these ideas are helpful in dealing with competitors.

The leader of company agrees that the leadership style followed which does not need to be changed as it is effective and it can deliver the objectives. The graph and frequency table suggests that the leadership style of Amazon is adequate and there is no need for changes in the current leadership style. The instant changes in the approach that is required in the leadership style and organizational structure of the company. Staff member’s performance is needed to be increased by every manager worker in Amazon. Most of the people working in different department agree that Amazon does not need any new approach in the business as the current approach is adequate and perfect for the current business environment.

From the above analysis of quantitative data, it can be analyzed and interpreted that according to the employees the company has an effective organizational structure and leadership style. The leadership style followed in the organization is perfect and does not require any changes currently. The organizational structure followed in the company is good but the structure should be evaluated regularly so that the organization can deal with the changes happening in the dynamic environment. From the above, it is concluded that leadership style is the most important for organizations in increasing initiatives and success. The further organisational structure is also resulting in achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. Amazon is working towards its leadership’s styles and motivation programs which help in enhancing the company’s productivity and profitability. This is result sting in the achievement of the organization’s objectives and goals. 

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations

Organizational structure refers to the guide that is given to employees of the organization by laying out the official relationship that further governs workflow in the organization. Amazon’s current organizational structure plays an important role in terms of driving profitability in the organization. it can be interpreted from the above discussion in the literature review that organizational structure plays an important role as it consists of three primary elements that are overarching global hierarchy, global groups based on function, and geographic division with own subdivision. Amazon’s current organizational structure is effective as the quantitative data suggests that most of the employees are satisfied with current operational techniques (Adaeze and Ekwutosi, 2019). Amazon needs to review its organizational structure regularly as it will help in dealing with the dynamic changes of the environment. Amazon’s current workflow is directly contributing to the productivity factor as the employees are getting positively impacted. Most of the employees in the questionnaire session agreed that the organizational structure of their company is positive. This shows that Amazon is leading in terms of maintaining its organizational structure.

The type of organization structure used in the organizations is dependent on several factors. Amazon has had a set organizational structure for a very long time which directly contributes to the growth of the company. The organizational structure must be decided by taking several factors into accounts such as business flexibility, corporate structure, and stability in the top management (Bright and Deegan, 2021). Currently the organization uses Hierarchical structure in the business model as it directly helps them in managing the operations and other areas of management. The organizational structure of the company is only relevant until there are no direct changes related to the structure of the company.  The structure must be evaluated on a regular basis as most of the employees suggest that there is a required change in the organization due to the dynamic business environment. The current organizational structure of the company is contributing to productivity. However, the changes would directly help the company in maintaining the employees and structure of management.

The organizational structure should be evaluated based on three factors that are productivity, profitability, and growth prospects. The literature review of the organizational structure suggests that it should be evaluated with utmost dedication as it will directly contribute to the increased profitability, productivity in employees, and increased growth prospects of the organization (Bromley, 2018). The qualitative analysis suggests that a better structure of the organization will directly contribute to the respective factors discussed above. The authors have reviewed organizational structure as one of the most crucial factors and the manager must analyze the operations of the company accordingly. The quantitative factors are analyzed based on a questionnaire where the employees were asked about the impact of organizational structure on the factors such as productivity, profitability, and growth of the organization. It has been found that organizational structure is highly effective in deriving productivity in the employees as the employees of amazon agree that organizational structure plays an important role. The growth factor of amazon is also dependent on the way the organization deals with the day-to-day operations which are somehow impacted by the structure of the organization.

There is a range of leadership styles that can be used by the organization in terms of defining the way the organization motivates and leads the employees. Knowing leadership style is critical because it can help the organization in determining the effect that it has on the people under the direct influence.  Amazon is one of the biggest giants of the e-com industry and they require an effective leadership style to sustain in the business environment for a longer period (Hay et. al., 2021). There is a range of benefits that are derived from using an effective leadership style in the company; these benefits vary from person to person, business to business, and industry to industry. It is founded from the above quantitative and qualitative analysis that leadership is highly effective in the organization as it delivers the objective in the business. The leadership style must be chosen according to the working environment as it directly contributes to the productivity of the employees. Amazon uses a range of leadership activities in the organization where they reward the employees on a monetary and non-monetary basis so that they can directly contribute to the growth of the organization. It has been also founded that the leaders of amazon are good as the employees agree that they help them in motivating to a great extent.

Conclusion of Research

From the above research, it can be concluded that Organisational structure is one of the most important factors that directly contribute to the success of Amazon. Amazon follows a hierarchal structure in the company which has proven to be effective for the organization in the long term context (Oklu, 2019). The organizational structure should be reviewed regularly as the business environment is dynamic and it requires constant monitoring. It has been concluded from the research that most of the employees working in the organization are satisfied with the current organizational structure and they agree that organizational structure directly contributes to growth. However, they want the company to critically review the structure to maximize productivity and further increase the growth prospects.

The leadership style followed in Amazon is also effective as the organization is highly focused on increasing the motivation level of employees working in the organization. It is evident in the literature that group performance and achievement of goals are related to the leadership style employed by the leader, as it directly affects employee behaviour. The leaders of the respective organization are highly influencing and they give their 100% effort in motivating the employees and enhancing the work culture of the company. The organization should also use the effective reward technique of leadership where they constantly appreciate the employees for the efforts they are giving in the organization (Janssen, 2019). The organization should use new technology in the leadership and organizational structure as it will help in coping with the competition and sustaining in the business environment for a long period. Usage of effective strategies and innovative ideas is also essential as through this the organization can get a competitive edge in the market. The innovative strategies will be applied to the business functions and other operations so that productivity can increase to a great extent.

The quantitative analysis done above suggests that currently, Amazon does not require any change in the organizational structure and leadership styles as both of these areas are significantly impacting the organization positively.

• The organisation is recommended to critically evaluate the organisational structure on a regular basis as the business environment is dynamic and it requires changes. The organisational structure of Amazon should support the process of increased profitability, productivity and motivation factor in employees.
• Organisational structure should be enhanced according to the employee needs and convenience as the whole organisation is structured around the employees. The employees should be comfortable with the structure and it will directly contribute to the growth prospects of the company.
• There are several leadership styles in the business environment; however the current leadership style in the Amazon is highly effective according to the employees working in the organisation. However the organisation should critically evaluate the leadership style as there are some people working in the organisation who are not satisfied. The LR section also suggests that Amazon should make positive changes in the leadership styles as it will directly enhance the growth of the company in the environment. Offering the employees with monetary and non-monetary appreciation will go a long way as they will feel the urge to dedicate their 100% efforts in the business.
• The leaders of amazon are qualified and have good ability to motivate the employees and therefore the organisation should maintain their leaders. Further the manager and other qualified employee should be given the role of motivating and leading the employees as it will help in morale boost and other such factors.
• The organisation should take insights and ideas from the employees in terms of decision making process as it will directly help in bringing the most out of the employees. It will also directly contribute in the process of achieving the desired goals of the organisation. 

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