Pediatric Drug Dosage Calculation Methods And Medical Authority Prescription Labels

Young’s Rule Method for Pediatric Drug Dosage Calculations

Young’s rule is another method for calculating pediatric drug dosages in terms of a child’s age. If Ais the adult dose (in milligrams) and n is the age of the child (in years), then the child’s dose is given by

D(n) = (n / n+124)A

what is the corresponding dose for an 6-year-old child if the adult’s dose is 20mg?

1. 120mg
2. 7mg
3. 6.667mg
4. 6.5mg

Calculation

(6/ 6+12) *20

= 6.667mg

A 4-year-old patient weights 17 kg. She has been prescribed a drug that is available as a 0.5% solution and prepackaged with an oral dosing spoon embossed with a milliliter scale. The normal adult dosage for this medication is 100 mg. What dosage should the child receive if Clark’s rule is used to calculate it?

1. 22ml
2. 25ml
3. 21ml
4. 5ml

Calculation

17kg*2.2lbskg-1¬ = 37.4lbs

(37.4lbs /150)/100mg = 25 ml

 Correct answer = (b) 25ml

 Physicians and other medical authority officers are licensed by the health authorities to give prescription and dosage to patients. In the list below which among them is not a prescription label that the authority demands should be used to prescribe dosage to patients.

1. Age of the prescriber
2. Name of the pharmacy
3. Address of the pharmacy
4. Prescription number

According to FDA, pregnancy categories are categorized according to the potential of a drug can cause defects to the fetus. One of the pregnancy categories indicates that first time pregnancy, no risks are involved to the fetus. Which category of pregnancy indicates that there are no risks at all in the first trimester of pregnancy?

1. Category X
2. Category C
3. Category A
4. Category B

Which of the veterinary medications below do not require additional information during prescription?

1. Oral contraceptives
2. Retinoids
3. Fertility drugs
4. Feed drugs

Which of the following is the function of patient- controlled analgesia?

1. Control rate of drug delivery to patients
2. Deliver drugs to patients.
3. Reduce dosage to the patients
4. Increase dosage to the patients

Of the four one is not a a manufacturer of PCA syringe system which is it?

1. Smith’s medical
2. ADPA tech
4. braun

All of the following should be done when cleaning horizontal laminar air flow hood except?

1. Washing hands following the appropriate procedure before cleaning the hood
2. Doing cleaning and disinfection
3. turning and running the hood before cleaning
4. Washing hands well after cleaning the hood.

According to electrolytes and additives, during preparation of TPN, why is dextrose and amino acid added.

1. Improve Formation of body compounds to the patients
2. Increase appetite to patients unable to eat
3. Reduce potassium level in blood of the patient
4. Provide energy to the patient.

Which is not an equipment used during aseptic technique experiment.

1. Sterile 80% alcohol
2. Lint free wipes
3. Biological safety cabinet
4. Sterile water

If you suffer from continual vomiting and diarrhea, you could develop ______, which is defined as abnormally high levels of sodium

1. Hypercalcemia
2. Hypernatremia
3. Hypermagnesemia

Because your ______ filters fluids and electrolytes, problems with it can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

1. Kidney
2. Pancreas
3. Liver
4. Thyroid

Aseptic technique refers to

1. A) cleanliness in the laboratory
2. B) the prevention of contamination.
3. C) the microbial inoculum placed into a test tube or onto a Petri plate
4. D) the autoclave and other sterilizing procedures.

Three of the below products contain anaesthetic except?

1. Dequacaine
2. Merocaine
3. BurnEze
4. Anthisan

all of the following products are indicated in the management of peptic ulceration EXCEPT?

1. Zantac
2. Gaviscon
3. Nexiumd.
4.  Pariet

5 When administering cisplatin powder for injection:

1.  Should be able to dissolve in water for injection
2. given over 6–8 h
3. infusion fluid used is Ringer’s solution
4. no powder should be used

Ceftazidime:

1. is a ‘third-generation’ cephalosporin antibacterial
2. is more active than cefuroxime against Gram-positive bacteria
3. is available as tablets and injections
4. it is very dormant

Hypothetically dangerous interactions could arise between:

1. ergotamine and zolmitriptan
2. warfarin and gliclazide
3. combined oral contraceptives and clindamycin
4. Griseofulvin and Rifampicin

which of the following is an example of enzyme inducers?

1. Griseofulvin
2. Rifampicin
3. Warfarin
4. Bisodol

Which of the following drugs may be used in patients with liver disease

but require a dose reduction?

1. Natrilix
2. Bisodol
3. Nizoral
4. Zyloric

Appearances of a facial abrasion that calls for referral include:

1. appearance of distended lymph glands in the neck
2. butterfly felling of a rash over the nose and cheeks
3. swollen lymph glands in the mouth
4. a scaly rash with mild erythema affecting the forehead and eyebrows

Antacid preparations  comprising of  sodium bicarbonate include:

A .     colofac

b     bisodol

1.     Gaviscon liquid
2. Heartburn Relief tablets

Which of the following is an agent associated with pain and swellings after a bee sting

1.  apamin
2. oestrogens
3. histamin
4. hyaluronidase

which Antispasmodics  could be endorsed for itching bowel

syndrome

1. Colofac
2. Spasmonal
3. Fybogel
4. oestrogens

Paradichlorobenzene:

1. has antimycotic properties
2. can be used as a disinfectant
3. is extant in Cerumal drops
4. It is absent in estrogens

what dose Premarin comprise

1. conjugated oestrogens 625 µg
2. conjugated oestrogens 62.5 µg
3. conjugated oestrogens 0.625 µg
4. conjugated oestrogens 625 µg and levonorgestrel 75 µg

One of the following statement is true about mycoplasma. Which of the four is it ?

1. A) Annual vaccination can prevent infection.
2. B) The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
3. C) Treatment is tetracyclines.
4. D) The causative agent virus

What happens to a bacteria cell when in a hypertonic solution?

1. A) lyse
2. B) plasmolyze.
3. C) stay the same.
4. D) osmolisis

Clark’s Rule Method for Pediatric Drug Dosage Calculations

When is newsoms eyes treated with antibiotics

1. A) when Neisseria gonorrhoeae is isolated from the eyes
2. B) blind mother gives birth
3. C) woman with genital herpes give birth
4. D) when the woman is infected

You are executing  a Gram stain on gram-negative bacteria and y mordant. Which colour appears

1. A) rend

B  brown

C .colorless

1. purple

Which of the following duos of terms is unjust?

1. A) sterilant terminates all living microorganisms
2. B) germicide destroys microbes
3. C) fungicide  destroy yeasts and molds
4. D) virucide stimulates viruses

There are myths about the following drugs about how blood flow  limits hepatic clearance. Only one of them truly is?

1. Pethidine.
2. Warfarin.
3. Cholestyramine.
4. Lignocaine.

What is start order?

1. Medication are are to be filled within minutes
2. Medication thatare to be filled In hours
3. Medication that are to be filled in days
4. Medication that are to be filled in the same 24 hours.

When is importantly barcoding system apllicable

A .when  administering patients

1. when administering medication
2. when choosing medication
3. when treating patients

why is barcode used

1. Make sure selected drug is the correct drug
2. To ensure the drug is not expired
3. To make sure the drug is well administered
4. To check if the drug is effective

What is the work of CADM?

1. Monitor and detect adverse drug events
2. Only monitor drug events
3. Only detect adverse drug events
4. Take record of drug events

There are 5 pricnciples of medicine taking that require discipline for the patient to heal, following are some of them. Which  is not one of the 5 right medication safety

1. Correct dosage
2. Correct time
3. Correct person
4. Correct food

Estrogen antagonists are important in to treatment of  estrogen hormone-dependent cancer. Androgen antagonists block testosterone stimulus of androgen-dependent cancer.which of the following is an androgen-dependent cancer:

1. Prostate cancer.
2. Thyroid cancer.
3. Renal carcinoma.
4. Neuroblastoma.

Serotonin causes nausea due to the chemotherapy. Consequently, serotonin antagonists are active in averting and treating vomit. One of the below is a serotonin. Which is it?

A Zofran

1. Prozac
2. Paxil
3. Zoloft

How is Methotrexate administered to treat the CNS

1. Intravenously
2. Subcutaneously
3. Intrathecall
4. By inhalation.

Methotrexate is a vitamin M antagonist. It hinders enzymes needed for production of DNA. So as avoid damage into to the cells, folinic acid can begiven to the patient:the process is also reffered to as?

1. Induction therapy.
2. Consolidation therapy.
3. Pulse therapy.
4. Rescue therapy.

 process at which mutamycin is installed to traet bladder cancer is called?

1. Intraventricular administration.
2. Intravesical administration.
3. Intravascular administration.
4. Intrathecal administration.

which of the following is the dose that limit toxicity during chemotherepy

1. Biliousness .
2. Blood in stools.
3. Myelosuppression
4. stomatitis and mucositis

How does chemotherapy bring about the vomit.

1. stimulation of neuroreceptor in the brain
2. constrain catecholamines from being released
3. Autonomic instability.
4. mucus in stomach becomes irrational

Why is myeloablation using chemotherapeutic important.

1. It terminates  myelocytes
2. It decreases the size of cancer tumor.

C .After operation, it decreases  amount of chemotherapy required.

1. It extinguishes  bone marrow before transplant is done

The cytochrome P450 hepatic microsomal enzyme system

1. is the main metabolic path for oxazepam.
2. is brought by phenobarbitone.
3. reacts with liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies.
4. is subdued by cimetidine

Which gastric cell type has the following features: stimulates gastric acid secretion, works in paracrine fashion, responds to gastrin, contains histamine and stains +ve with silver:

1. mast cells
2. enterochromaffin-like cell
3. gastrin cells
4. somatostatin

what Factors are  to be well thought-out in venous site selection for IV therapy?

1. Duration of the therapy
2. Type of therapy
3. Condition of veins
4. All of the above

 Tips for selecting veins include starting with stal veins and working

1. Laterally
2. diastally
3. Proximally
4. posteriorly

CXAn contagion in a CNS device and is not eradicated by  taking antibiotics through the catheter. In what way would  glycocalyx lead to this?

1. Protecting the bacteria from the antibiotic.
2. Neutralizing hence inactivating it
3. By competing for binding
4. Glycocalyx give the microbials needed nutrients

Which one of the following is not information documented using E-MAR?

Blood pressure of patients

Rate of respiration

Infections in the mouth

Metabolic reactions in the body

Which of the following is an exception amongst the rights of medical safety?

Right dose

Right facility

Right person

Right condition

Which of the following is NOT true?

All drug productions should be monopolized

All medications should have barcode scans

The technicians have the ability to make codes if they are missing from the manufacturers package

Only certified pharmacists can verify inventories

What is the job description of a pharmacy technician in an institution?

Chemotherapy-Preparing cytotoxic agents and other accompanying medications

Medical Reconciliation-Filling unit dosing bulk medications

Discharge pharmacy- Orders all supplies of medication for the pharmacy

Inventory-discharging the relevant medications

Which of the following is not the duty of a pharmacy technician in the inventory department?

Orders all supplies of medication in the pharmacy

Rotating stock

Reviewing records for drug-drug interaction

Ordering stock and keeping records

The following is list of information contained in a drug logbook, which one is not

FDA Pregnancy Categories for Medications

Drug name

Drug equivalent

Unit size

Drug manufacturer

Select the false statement among the following

All written records must be in pen

Any pharmacist can verify inventories

Substances that need control must be stored in a vault

Manipulation of APIs occurs in the CVE

Which generic name is correctly matched with its trade name

Ampicillin-Omnipen

Ceftazidime-Fortaz

Both of the above

None of the above

Which one of the following is a main type of hyper alimentation?

HPV

IVN

PPN

ADH

Which of the below is not a target for the production of TPNs?

Neonates

Young animals

Children

Adults

One of these statements is true. Which one is ?

Parenteral medications are administered by injection

Parenteral medications bypass the digestive system and are intended for instantaneous treatment

Both of the above

None of the above

Choose an example of primary units and areas that require medication from the pharmacy

ADH

AIV

ORTHO

AIDS

The following are departments stocked with specific medications, which one is not

Preoperative

Postoperative

Operation rooms

The following references can provide stability information except, which one

Trend’s stability of compound formulations

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

The ministry of health and sanitation

 USP dispensing Information

Select the environment terminology accurately matched with its explanation

Anteroom: Space adjacent to the buffer room

Compounding aseptic containment isolator: a glove box of class 3 which may have positive or negative pressure

Air pressure: Space where sterile preparations are done

Laminar air flow: Space of separation between two different air pressures

Which of the following is not an example of hood used in primary engineering control based on the sterile being produced

LAFW

BSC

CALI

CACI

Isolator hoods are not;

Glove boxes

Closed systems

Use sophisticated venting system

Chemotherapeutic agents

Which of the following is not a common task in modern pharmacies?

Bulk repackaging

Tracking medical supplies

Repackaging medications

Nonsterile compounding

Which of the following is an example of good manufacturing practice guidelines for repackaging?

Keep equipment and in good condition

Package not more than one item

Inaccurate labelling

Maximum utilization of inputs to beyond use date

What is syrup

A single dose of drug

A sugar based liquid

The ingredient that is dissolved into a solution

Mixing a liquid and a solid

 In the USA the FDA stands for

Food and Drug Authority

Food and Drug Administration

Food and Desertification Amendments

Famine and Desertification Authority

Identify a type of container used in preparing parenteral medications

ID

NPO

MOV

Sub out

Which of the following miscellaneous terms is properly explained?

Postop-Medication to be given after surgery

ID-medication to be given as required

Pm-nothing by mouth

SDV-medication to be given before surgery

Select the appropriate procedure:

Inspect all surfaces for crystallized solutions

Remove any items from within the hood

Moisten a 4 by 4inch gauze with 70% alcohol solution

Clean all surfaces inside the hood with a lint free wipe

I, II, III, IV

IV, III, II, I

II, IV, I, III

III, II, I, IV

The United States Pharmacopeia <797> contains

The procedure of cleaning horizontal laminar air flow hood

Healthcare associated infection

The campaign for compound medications

Use of nonsterile compounding