What is Perception?
Question:
Discuss about the Perception Process and Factors.
Perception is the process by which an individual organize and interpret sensory information. It describes the way an individual filter, arrange and interpret information. An appropriate perception enables an individual to make accurate decisions. An inappropriate perception leads to the occurrence to many problems that affect the growth of an organization. Perception depicts how an individual determines, organizes and examines information inputs in order to develop a meaningful picture. It depends on the physical stimuli and also on the relation stimuli to the surrounding field. Perception varies from one people to another which influences their decision-making process (Davis, Palladino and Christopherson, 2013). Personal characteristics that influence perception includes person’s attitudes, past experiences, motives interest and expectations. There are many factors that shape or distort perception. The managers of any organization should determine and interpret situations in an appropriate manner. The decisions of an individual are greatly influenced by its perception. The desires and need of an individual can influence its perception.
Factors that distort and limit perception
The perception is depicted as a process by which the individual organizes and interprets the sensory perceiving for the purpose of providing meaning to the environment. It perceives the substantial different objectives which are used for determining the objectives in a reality way. The perception is depicted to be important for the study of the behaviour of the people are based on their perception and also the reality is being considered while undertaking the perception into the study (Del Missier, Mäntylä and Bruin, 2011). The perception is also defined as the process by which the individual organizes, interprets and selects the input information to create a meaningful picture of the world. This simply illustrates the physical stimuli which are surrounding the reaction as present in this field. The key point is established to be illustrating the exposure of the key points and the knowledge regarding the same reality. Some of the characteristics are the fast talking, aggressive and the insincere attitude. The response to these characteristics might be different as well as similar with depending on the situation that is raised in front of the receiver.
As per the factors are considered, there are a number of the factors that are responsible for distorting the perception of the individual which is depicted to be residing the perceiver in the object, and also it targets the perceiver (Ehrich, Flanders and Soechting, 2008). The following are the factors which are provided in the following points:
- Factors in the perceiver include the attitudes, motives, interests, expectations and the experiences.
- Factors in the situation include the work setting, time and the social settings.
- Factors in the target include the size, sounds, novelty, proximity, motion and the similarity (Troscianko and Smith, 2010).
Factors that Influence Perception
The explanation is surrounding the individual when it looks at the target for the purpose of interpreting; it is depicted to be heavily influenced by the personal characteristics as it is being represented in this case. The individual characteristics are illustrated by illustrating the effect of perception on the person’s attitude and also the personal motives or the interests. The expectation of being authoritative is characterized by the individual characters and the presence of the internal attractive and the unattractive characteristics (Goode, 2017). These arise due to the cultural traits, and also the characteristics are identified to be showing the observation of the effect in the form of the effect made to the target. The voice of the people is depicted to be illustrating the extremely attractive and the unattractive characteristics of the targets. It is because the isolation and the relationship of the target are being considered and also the background is depicted to be influenced with considering the perception (Goyal and Gurtoo, 2011). For example, the women people of the distinguished groups are depicted to be varying with the personal colours and also the perceived characteristics are determined by illustrating the unrelated links. The shrill voice is also never perceived by the individual authority in which the practical involvement of the features and the colour are often depicted to be perceived. The regular characteristics are also included in the form of the practices, and also the voice can be easily lowered with depicting the slower temptations of the people. The threat of the content is also included in the form of the time which varies with the time and the objects. The time is depicted to be influencing the attention, location, heat, light and also the other situational factors. These characteristics are represented while the outings are considered for the individual people.
Several characteristics of the perceiver are depicted to be affecting the perception in the form of the individual views regarding the target. The attempt of the interpretation is also depicted to be varying characteristics interpretation made by an individual person. The personal characteristics are also carried out by illustrating the individual perceiver and also the major factors are illustrated in the form of the attitudes, moods, self-concept, motives and the expectations with the interests (Harrington, 2013). In this way, the affecting of the individual perceptions can be easily identified and also the negotiation of the contracts with the suppliers is depicted in the context of the organization. By this process, the specific characteristics of the perceiver are being revealed, and also it becomes easier to know the individual characteristics in an appropriate way. These characteristics can be easily depicted to be showing the enhancement of the workings in the form of the environmental situation and also the influence can be easily measured with depicting the bias characteristics.
Importance of Perception for Decision-Making
The characteristics of the target are depicted to be observed in the form of the effect which is being perceived by illustrating the physical appearance. The perceiver is depicted to be showing the focus on the physical appearance as it is concentrating on the form of the physical features. The appropriate focus is being made which also varies with the perception of the perceiver and also the intentions of the target can be easily depicted (Hayes, 2011). The conveying of the information to the deal is depicted to be an attempt which is being made by illustrating the impression of the target. The tendency of the perception is being explained to perceive the information regarding the movements and also the tendency of the groups can be easily explained in the form of the similar things.
Factors that are influencing the perception is including the frequently used shortcuts in providing judgment to others, selection perceptions and the stereotypes. These techniques are not depicted to be fool proof, and also these are depicted to be inaccurate with the perceptions which also include the disruption of large information. The disruptive characteristics can be easily supporting the perceptions of the information which is including the background and the interest in also influencing the individual attitudes (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011). The ongoing interests are also distracted by these factors and also the inaccuracy is raised in the communication of information. Therefore, the attractive characteristics are provided in the form of the variation of the attitudes and the influences which are made to be illustrating the workings for the mitigation of the influences. The influences must be mitigated by illustrating the hearings which are also included to be a part of the work which is also illustrated to be showing the impression errors. The evaluation of the errors must be made in an appropriate way for the purpose of illustrating the comparisons that are raised for the purpose of depicting the contrast principles (Kinley, 2015). The engagement of the distortions in the form of the response is being depicted by illustrating the engagement of the theories in the form of the influences undertaken in the individual.
People’s attributions and perceptions influence how they think and behave. Appropriate perception allows an individual to interpret what they hear and see that helps them to make decisions and accomplish tasks in an ethical manner. In order to make an appropriate decision, an individual should determine and analyze the situation, be aware of the biases and enhance creativity. Each individual has its own biases or preferences that enable them to interpret information. Thus, an individual should determine its own biases and preferences while interpreting information (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2013). Many people rely on the information that they receive from others. If the individual is not involved closely in the problem situation, then they would not have the necessary knowledge and information to make decisions.
People find themselves in ambiguous and unfamiliar situations in the organizations. An effective business professional is able to handle objections by describing others about the benefits of their position. By recognizing actively people’s attributions and perceptions, an effective leader is able to develop justifications for their strategies and approach. People react to a situation on the basis of what they think about the prevailing situation (Lefton and Brannon, 2008). Attributions and perception can be inaccurate which imposes significant on the organization. Providing adequate training will help the people to examine and react to a situation in an appropriate manner. It helps to create a friendly work environment because different have different cultural backgrounds. Individuals tend to interpret other individuals on the basis of their ability, personality, and efforts. The perception and attributions of an individual influences their work performances (Maund, 2014). An employee who has succeeded in tasks usually leads to the increase in the confidence level and those who failed consider themselves as an unlucky person or even blame others.
People’s judgment and perception of action of another person depend on if the reactions occur inconsistently or consistently. Recognizing people’s motives, intentions and cultural beliefs help to explain their behaviour and rectifying the non-productive circumstances. By understanding the causes of behaviour, an individual can behave and react in an appropriate manner. Minimizing biases that limit and distort attribution and perception can help to enhance team work (Qureshi and Harani, 2014). The use of different tools and techniques can help the organizations to decrease the rate at which an individual interprets events selectively on the basis of their backgrounds, attitudes, and experience. Providing training to the managers can help them to make accurate perception that assists them to conduct performance reviews daily management tasks and performance reviews. The control of emotions is very much important dewing the decision-making process. Personal characteristics influence the perception of an individual, and it is important to recognize the negative impact of these characteristics.
There are many factors that contribute in influencing the perception of an individual. People should have control over their moods while interpreting a situation. An individual should control its need and make the appropriate decision. If an individual is able to control its emotions, then he or she can make appropriate perception that helps them to make a decision (Santrock and Mitterer, 2006). An appropriate guidance and training to an individual will help them to make the appropriate decision. The focus can also be given on creative thinking skills, expertise, and intrinsic task motivation. An individual should interpret things on the basis of what they see while making judgments. An individual should be fair while making decisions and be appropriate in making interpretations. The managers in an organization should have the skills and knowledge that helps them to make interpretation (Schwartz, 2010). Training and adequate guidance help an individual to make appropriate perception and make decisions.
People should not interpret on the basis of what they see such as individual’s interest, altitudes, background, and experience. People should not draw general impressions about other people on the basis of their characteristics. People should not judge someone on the basis of the group to which he belongs. Every day, people depend on generalization because it helps them to make decisions. It should be understood by an individual that a wrong perception leads to the wrong decision (Shedid and Benzel, 2007). The managers of an organization should understand and analyze situations before making any decision. People should have a control on their personal characteristics such as self-esteem and conscientiousness that affects their perception. The focus should be on the depth analysis and importance on the rationality and logic will also enable to make bias decisions. It is also found that perceptual judgments are inaccurate that lead to the inaccurate decisions while selecting candidates in the interview. Many subjective components should be taken into account for evaluating the employees.
Conclusion
The overall study is surrounding the factors that are limiting and distorting our perceptions, and also these characteristics are determined to be developing bias in the attitude of each individual as well as the organization. The overcoming techniques and the methods are well described in this study which is surrounding the individuals as well as the organizations. The perception factors are well interpreted with the overcoming techniques to provide the appropriate structure to this study and also the characteristics are well described in an appropriate way (Robbins and Judge, 2017). The enhancement of the study is also made by explaining the limiting and the distorting factors with determining the appropriate judgment for the study as it had been undertaken. Thus the importance of the discussion is being depicted by illustrating the meaning of the perception of the limiting factors. The methods of overcoming these limiting factors are well explained by the help of the theories related to the organization as well as the individual behaviours.
References
Davis, S., Palladino, J. and Christopherson, K. (2013). Psychology. Boston: Pearson.
Del Missier, F., Mäntylä, T. and Bruin, W. (2011). Decision-making Competence, Executive Functioning, and General Cognitive Abilities. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 25(4), pp.331-351.
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Goyal, P. and Gurtoo, S. (2011). Factors Influencing Public Perception: Genetically Modified Organisms. GMO Biosafety Research.
Harrington, K. (2013). Perception. London: Scholastic.
Hayes, N. (2011). Psychology. London: Hodder Education.
Hellriegel, D. and Slocum, J. (2011). Organizational behavior. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
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Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2017). Organizational behavior. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Santrock, J. and Mitterer, J. (2006). Psychology. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
Schwartz, S. (2010). Visual perception. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. Division.
Shedid, D. and Benzel, E. (2007). Decision Making Process: Problem-Based Decision Making. Neurosurgery, 60(suppl_1), pp.S1-166-S1-169.
Troscianko, T. and Smith, A. (2010). Perception. London: SAGE.
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