Background
In England, it is evident that around 676,000 persons are suffering from dementia and talking about the whole UK then it is estimated that approximately 850,000 plus people are having dementia. The studies have revealed that dementia mainly tends to affect older people and the likelihood of developing this disease in people doubles after every 5 years after the age of 65. The research is being conducted to examine the most used person-centred approaches to study its effect on the people suffering from dementia in the UK.
Dementia is known to be the standard syndrome that is often associated with an ongoing decline in the functioning of the brain. Dementia affects people to a great extent especially older people and people with dementia can lose interest in their regular activities and also suffer from problems managing their emotions or behaviour. Hence, it is essential to deliver patients with proper and effective care which can include person-centred approaches. A person-centred approach is known to be related to involving patients of dementia with other people which helps in constructing and upholding the relations and also delivers a helping and harmless environment along with a greater level of self-respect. This eventually helps patients in building a trustworthy relationship and makes them feel valued and respected.
The study aims at examining the most suitable person-centred approaches which can be used to care for a patient suffering from dementia in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the research will evaluate the impact of dementia on the patient and the carer. Moreover, it will analyse various pieces of literature following the person-centred approaches for the effective treatment of people with dementia in the UK. Objectives which are set by the researcher are:
- To look for the person-centred approaches to care for people suffering from dementia in the UK.
- To critically analyse and evaluate the impact of the disease, that is dementia on the patient and carer as well.
What are the different types of person-centred approaches that can be used towards caring for people suffering from dementia in the UK?
Research Design
The study design is regarded as the first element that must be considered while conducting any investigation. A study design is generally some kind of study platform that an investigator or researcher may utilise to continue the investigation. The qualitative research approach, quantitative design of the study, as well as mixed study design are indeed the 3 main types of research methods. Furthermore, various sorts of study designs have varied sorts of advantages, all of which serve to aid the investigator in the study process.In the situation of the qualitative research method, for example, the investigator receives assistance in determining how and why to respond to the study question. Furthermore, a quantitative research method allows the investigator to collect data in a documented style while yet being able to address the study question qualitatively. Furthermore, in the situation of the quantitative research method, the researcher has the opportunity of collecting the essential data in both objective and numeric styles. However, in this scenario, the third form of study design (mixed study design) will be used, which will allow the researcher to take benefit of both qualitative as well as quantitative research designs.
Objectives
Data Collection
The entire investigation is centred on the knowledge acquired on the subject. However, to obtain the necessary data, researchers must follow a set of steps that are specifically intended to gather the information most efficiently feasible. Furthermore, for the aim of data collecting, there are 2 types of methodologies: primary data gathering as well as secondary data gathering. However, in this study, the researcher will employ both methodologies to benefit from the advantages of each. For example, in the situation of primary data acquisition, the investigator must first go outside and obtain permission from the people who will be present at the location where the information will be collected. For this instance, the researcher will prepare the list of shortlisted care settings in the UK that uses person-centred approaches for the care of patients of dementia to gain knowledge of the impact of such approaches on patients as well as carers. Further, the researcher will conduct a survey or an interview along with the samples so that the proper required data or information can be collected. However, to do the same, it will be necessary to have the permission of the different settings such as care homes or residential homes where such approaches are used. Furthermore, it is important to note that the data acquired through the primary technique of data collection is usually the most recent and up-to-date, particularly because of the reason that the data is obtained from real-time situations relevant to the study issue. Aside from this, there is indeed a secondary method of data collecting, in which the essential information for the study is acquired through internet sources. The investigator in this case goes online to explore relevant information, specifically published papers, media pieces, as well as scientific journals. The advantage of this form of data collecting is that it provides information that is more authentic as well as genuine than data acquired using the main study design. Finally, it is necessary to state that the investigator will use both sorts of methodologies.
Data Analysis
Following the collection of necessary data, the investigator analyses data, wherein the investigator examines the acquired data to determine the authenticity as well as the legitimacy of the investigation and its findings. Furthermore, it is necessary to mention that this procedure aids in the analysis of the outcomes of the acquired data, which in turn aids in the discovery of the study results. Nevertheless, there exist many different kinds of data analysis methodologies, including theme analysis, statistical analysis, disclosure analysis, contextual data analysis, and many others. The researcher will utilise a statistical approach to data analysis within this work, primarily because it will allow them to evaluate both kinds of data acquired through both ways of data collection.[8]
Ethical Considerations
Ethics are known to be the foundation of every investigation that leads to the paper’s necessary uniqueness. The investigator will ensure that the individuals who have provided the data have given their consent. In addition, the researcher will offer suitable references as well as in-text citations for the information in the study.
Study Design
Person-centred therapeutic approaches are becoming more widely embraced in UK care settings. As a result, there is a growing demand for assessment tools that can evaluate engagement programmes and aid in comprehending dementia patients in connection to their individuality. Person-centred techniques aim to recognise the person’s perspective as well as viewpoint, and also to take steps to include them in their daily lives and rehabilitation. The whole-person dementia assessment technique builds on this premise by emphasising the importance of developing and implementing self-report methods that can be completed credibly and accurately by people suffering from dementia.
According to the study given by the author Sanerma et al. (2020), a person-centred approach is something wherein the patient is placed somewhere at the focus of the institution and treated as such. The focus is on the patient and what all they can accomplish, rather than their condition or infirmity. Individualized assistance must focus on achieving the patient’s goals and also be tailored to their specific needs and circumstances. Furthermore, a person-centred approach allows the individual at the focus of the institution to participate in making decisions that affect their lives. This method also considers each person’s life real-life experience, gender, age, region, custom, language, views, as well as identities. Flexible resources and assistance are also required in a person-centred approach to meet the individual’s wants and objectives. Furthermore, this strategy is centred on capabilities, with people being acknowledged as experts throughout their lives, with a focus on things they can do best and any support they may require. As a result, a person-centred approach would enable and assist an individual to design and direct their own life.[10]
Person-centred treatment, according to another author Hangar et al. (2017), is a way of cognitive as well as executing obligations that view people with well-being including interpersonal amenities as equal companions in predicting, developing, and assessing therapy to ensure it meets their needs. Person-centred care entails more than just giving people what they want or delivering statistics. It entails examining people’s needs, values, familial surroundings, social situations, and habits, as well as seeing each patient as an individual and working together to find appropriate answers.
A Person-Centred Approach to the Care of Dementia
According to the study of Waters and Buchanan (2017), dementia sickness is on the rise globally especially in the UK, as is their medication non-adherence, due to a shortage of understanding of the challenges of living with dementia as well as the multicomponent interventions needed to provide all and able to function efficiently. Although the focus has stayed on biological treatment processes, a combined therapy approach that aids in a better comprehension of the patient suffering from dementia includes both biological as well as psychosocial perspectives.
To support the above, according to the study of Mackenzie, Bartlett, and Downs (2020), over 50 million people are living with dementia illnesses, and approximately 10 million additional patients are diagnosed every year, with such numbers expected to quadruple by 2050. Older adults living in care facilities have reported that participation in person-centred treatment has improved their quality of life, reduced their stress, as well as improved interaction with personnel. It has the potential to reduce the costs of routine care.
Methodologies
According to the study, a person-centred technique is a non-directive type of talking therapy. It requires the client to proactively take control throughout each therapeutic process, with the psychologist serving mostly as a consultant or provider of assistance. Additionally, a person-centred approach is one in which the patient is placed at the focus of the agency’s attention and is treated as a person. The focus is on the person as well as whatever they can accomplish, rather than their sickness or disability. Individualized support must focus on achieving the patient’s objectives and be tailored to their specific needs and circumstances. This research also looked into how a person-centred strategy can aid individuals with dementia in care facilities in the regions of the United Kingdom. Person-centred care ensures that people with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia can continue to do the activities they enjoy. This may be an effective way to minimize and manage dementia-related behavioural as well as mental symptoms. According to the study, a person-centred strategy also encourages risk-taking and ensures that risks are monitored and handled in a way that does not impede the patient.
Additionally, person-centred psychotherapy, like many other commonly used phrases, tends to signify different things to different people in different situations. In my discussions with doctors, academics, dementia patients, and their family members, it is evident that the concepts in person-centred care are not easy to detect or express straightforwardly. It becomes even more important to be robust about detailed descriptions of vocabulary as well as terminology which are not part of regular speech when working with persons beyond the United Kingdom utilising Dementia treatment Mapping (DCM) when material usually needs to be translated.
Looking for works of literature entails using a comprehensive approach to ensure that all relevant resources are obtained to respond to the research topic in the greatest comprehensive way possible. As a result, the research strategy has remained broad in scope, allowing it to explore all aspects of the chosen issue. These include the entire subject headers, as well as a condensed version of the headings with keywords such as,’ ‘dementia,’ ‘Person-centered approach,’ ‘well-being,’ ‘long-term care,’ as well as ‘older persons.’ The methodical methodology aids in producing valuable results while meeting the study’s requirements. During the research, 3 to 5 digital recordings containing peer-reviewed content, such as the comprehensive reference to healthcare as well as related health publications, Elsevier, Wiley, as well as a web of science, were cautiously picked. Utilizing the scientific direct data source, typing the entire topic yielded no results at the start of the searches. The system provided several results since it was built on the right terms, including dementia, person-centred care, as well as care homes.
References
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Chenoweth, L, J Stein-Parbury, S Lapkin, A Wang, Z Liu, & A Williams, “Effects of person-centered care at the organisational-level for people with dementia. A systematic review.”. in PLOS ONE, 14, 2019, e0212686.
Downs, M, & K Lord, “Person-Centered Dementia Care in the Community: A Perspective From the United Kingdom.”. in Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43, 2017, 11-17.
Floud, S, A Balkwill, S Sweetland, A Brown, E Reus, & A Hofman et al., “Cognitive and social activities and long-term dementia risk: the prospective UK Million Women Study.”. in The Lancet Public Health, 6, 2021, e116-e123.
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Sanerma, P, S Miettinen, E Paavilainen, & P Åstedt-Kurki, “A client-centered approach in home care for older persons – an integrative review.”. in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 38, 2020, 369-380.
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