|
Serial Number |
Prognosis |
MeSH terms |
Free terms |
|
1 |
Disease or disorder |
Depressive disorder: depression lasting over 2 years or dysthymic disorder (not to be confused with depression) Depression: Psychotic disorder or neurotic disorder or depression |
Depression or major depressive disorder |
|
2 |
Health outcome (measurement) |
Depression recovery |
Recovery or Depression recovery |
|
3 |
Important methodological terms |
Prognostic factor |
Prognosis or follow up |
|
4 |
Relevant patient’s characteristics |
Family history: family health history or family medical history |
Middle-aged Family history Primary care |
|
5 |
Prognostic factors |
Middled aged or elderly Unemployed |
Middle aged Unemployed Loneliness Family history of depression |
Defining “Top 5” search terms
Final Syntax
((((((((“Depression”[Mesh]) OR ((depressive disorder[filter]) AND (depressive disorder major))) OR major depressive disorder)) AND ((“medical history taking “[Mesh]) OR family history)) AND ((((“diagnosis and prognosis”[Mesh])) OR Prognostic factor) OR follow up)) AND ((“Middle Aged”[Mesh]) OR middle age)) AND ((“male”[Mesh]) OR male)) AND ((“Primary health care “[Mesh]) OR primary health care) AND (“last 10 years”[PDat])
Licht-Strunk, E., Van Marwijk, H. W. J., Hoekstra, T. B. M. J., Twisk, J. W. R., De Haan, M., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2009). Outcome of depression in later life in primary care: longitudinal cohort study with three years’ follow-up. Bmj, 338, a3079.
The paper was selected against the PICOT question because, the study conducted by Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) aims to analyse the prognosis in the primary care set up. Their study was conducted over a group of alder patients who are suffering from depression for more than three years. Their main research objective was to provide accurate estimation of the duration of the episodes of depression along with the likelihood of recovery over the time span and the predictions of the prognosis factors. Now the research objects accurately aligns with the PICOt question framed at the start of the assignment which aims at analysing the 1-year probability of recovery of a 60-year old man who has been diagnosed with depressive disorder.
The condition highlighted in the PICOt question and in the selected research paper is extremely relevant in the present ay scenario because according to Jefferis et al. (2011), there is a firm association between the unemployment, middle age and depressive disorder and the condition is more severe among the men. Moreover, Lépine and Briley (2011) further highlighted that if this middle aged depressive disorder is left untreated then it may give rise to numerous complex mental health disease leading to memory loss or cognitive impairment.
Another reason behind the selection of the study of Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) is, it was published in 2009, it is within 10 years (as per the filter set). Moreover, according to Fitzgerald et al. (2008), over the years there have occurred changes in the treatment along with the prognosis of depression. New insights have been generated towards the process of brain activation in depression and subsequent change in the prognostic factor. So taking the current journal, published within the last 10 years will help to get a detailed yet update insight about the depression prognosis.
The cohort study performed by Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) on depression in the later stages of life mainly included focus group people who 55 years either old or older than that thus encompassing the age group of the person in the PICOt question (60 years). Moreover, the study has taken three years of follow and thus making it further relevant upon the study of depression which has prolong disease manifestation. Moreover, the study also had less number of drop-out for the follow up. Overall, 175 respondents out of 204 participants completed more than four assessment during the three-year follow-up. According to Parahoo (2014), low rate of drop out increases the effective of the study, via reducing the bias.
Disease or disorder
Finally their results revealed that prognosis for depression among the middle aged or older patients who are more than 55 years old are poor. Moreover, when they ate under the primary care, the prognosis decreases further. The possible reason highlighted behind this poor prognosis is the higher prevalence of the functional limitations among the inpatients who are admitted in the emergency room to medical services. The systematic review further revealed a better clinical outcome under hospital based studies and the reason highlighted behind this is better adherence to treatment. Moreover, the study also conducted that Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) further highlighted that the people who have a family history of depression has functional decline in prognosis.
Thus overall, it can be summarized that among the middle aged or among the older group of population who are more than 55 years old have poor prognosis in depression and the condition becomes more severe when the person has the previous family history of depression. Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) suggested that the better adherence of the treatments along with counselling and medication would help in the increase in the momentum of prognosis along with emergence of better outcomes.
Thus in reference to the chosen paper, and interlink age of the PICOT question, it can be stated that 1-year probability of recovery of 60-year old patient suffering from depression who too have family history can increased via better adherence of treatment in primary care settings.
References
Fitzgerald, P. B., Laird, A. R., Maller, J., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2008). A meta?analytic study of changes in brain activation in depression. Human brain mapping, 29(6), 683-695.
Jefferis, B. J., Nazareth, I., Marston, L., Moreno-Kustner, B., Bellón, J. Á., Svab, I., … & Vicente, B. (2011). Associations between unemployment and major depressive disorder: evidence from an international, prospective study (the predict cohort). Social science & medicine, 73(11), 1627-1634.
Lépine, J. P., & Briley, M. (2011). The increasing burden of depression. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 7(Suppl 1), 3.
Licht-Strunk, E., Van Marwijk, H. W. J., Hoekstra, T. B. M. J., Twisk, J. W. R., De Haan, M., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2009). Outcome of depression in later life in primary care: longitudinal cohort study with three years’ follow-up. Bmj, 338, a3079
Parahoo, K. (2014). Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan.
|
Serial Number |
Prognosis |
MeSH terms |
Free terms |
|
1 |
Disease or disorder |
Depressive disorder: depression lasting over 2 years or dysthymic disorder (not to be confused with depression) Depression: Psychotic disorder or neurotic disorder or depression |
Depression or major depressive disorder |
|
2 |
Health outcome (measurement) |
Depression recovery |
Recovery or Depression recovery |
|
3 |
Important methodological terms |
Prognostic factor |
Prognosis or follow up |
|
4 |
Relevant patient’s characteristics |
Family history: family health history or family medical history |
Middle-aged Family history Primary care |
|
5 |
Prognostic factors |
Middled aged or elderly Unemployed |
Middle aged Unemployed Loneliness Family history of depression |
((((((((“Depression”[Mesh]) OR ((depressive disorder[filter]) AND (depressive disorder major))) OR major depressive disorder)) AND ((“medical history taking “[Mesh]) OR family history)) AND ((((“diagnosis and prognosis”[Mesh])) OR Prognostic factor) OR follow up)) AND ((“Middle Aged”[Mesh]) OR middle age)) AND ((“male”[Mesh]) OR male)) AND ((“Primary health care “[Mesh]) OR primary health care) AND (“last 10 years”[PDat])
Health outcome (measurement)
Licht-Strunk, E., Van Marwijk, H. W. J., Hoekstra, T. B. M. J., Twisk, J. W. R., De Haan, M., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2009). Outcome of depression in later life in primary care: longitudinal cohort study with three years’ follow-up. Bmj, 338, a3079.
The paper was selected against the PICOT question because, the study conducted by Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) aims to analyse the prognosis in the primary care set up. Their study was conducted over a group of alder patients who are suffering from depression for more than three years. Their main research objective was to provide accurate estimation of the duration of the episodes of depression along with the likelihood of recovery over the time span and the predictions of the prognosis factors. Now the research objects accurately aligns with the PICOt question framed at the start of the assignment which aims at analysing the 1-year probability of recovery of a 60-year old man who has been diagnosed with depressive disorder.
The condition highlighted in the PICOt question and in the selected research paper is extremely relevant in the present ay scenario because according to Jefferis et al. (2011), there is a firm association between the unemployment, middle age and depressive disorder and the condition is more severe among the men. Moreover, Lépine and Briley (2011) further highlighted that if this middle aged depressive disorder is left untreated then it may give rise to numerous complex mental health disease leading to memory loss or cognitive impairment.
Another reason behind the selection of the study of Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) is, it was published in 2009, it is within 10 years (as per the filter set). Moreover, according to Fitzgerald et al. (2008), over the years there have occurred changes in the treatment along with the prognosis of depression. New insights have been generated towards the process of brain activation in depression and subsequent change in the prognostic factor. So taking the current journal, published within the last 10 years will help to get a detailed yet update insight about the depression prognosis.
The cohort study performed by Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) on depression in the later stages of life mainly included focus group people who 55 years either old or older than that thus encompassing the age group of the person in the PICOt question (60 years). Moreover, the study has taken three years of follow and thus making it further relevant upon the study of depression which has prolong disease manifestation. Moreover, the study also had less number of drop-out for the follow up. Overall, 175 respondents out of 204 participants completed more than four assessment during the three-year follow-up. According to Parahoo (2014), low rate of drop out increases the effective of the study, via reducing the bias.
Finally their results revealed that prognosis for depression among the middle aged or older patients who are more than 55 years old are poor. Moreover, when they ate under the primary care, the prognosis decreases further. The possible reason highlighted behind this poor prognosis is the higher prevalence of the functional limitations among the inpatients who are admitted in the emergency room to medical services. The systematic review further revealed a better clinical outcome under hospital based studies and the reason highlighted behind this is better adherence to treatment. Moreover, the study also conducted that Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) further highlighted that the people who have a family history of depression has functional decline in prognosis.
Thus overall, it can be summarized that among the middle aged or among the older group of population who are more than 55 years old have poor prognosis in depression and the condition becomes more severe when the person has the previous family history of depression. Licht-Strunk et al. (2009) suggested that the better adherence of the treatments along with counselling and medication would help in the increase in the momentum of prognosis along with emergence of better outcomes.
Thus in reference to the chosen paper, and interlink age of the PICOT question, it can be stated that 1-year probability of recovery of 60-year old patient suffering from depression who too have family history can increased via better adherence of treatment in primary care settings.
References
Fitzgerald, P. B., Laird, A. R., Maller, J., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2008). A meta?analytic study of changes in brain activation in depression. Human brain mapping, 29(6), 683-695.
Jefferis, B. J., Nazareth, I., Marston, L., Moreno-Kustner, B., Bellón, J. Á., Svab, I., … & Vicente, B. (2011). Associations between unemployment and major depressive disorder: evidence from an international, prospective study (the predict cohort). Social science & medicine, 73(11), 1627-1634.
Lépine, J. P., & Briley, M. (2011). The increasing burden of depression. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 7(Suppl 1), 3.
Licht-Strunk, E., Van Marwijk, H. W. J., Hoekstra, T. B. M. J., Twisk, J. W. R., De Haan, M., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2009). Outcome of depression in later life in primary care: longitudinal cohort study with three years’ follow-up. Bmj, 338, a3079
Parahoo, K. (2014). Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan.
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