Variation in Construction Claims
The construction program is equipped with changes and improvement plan so that the quality product can be developed at the end of the construction program. The performance of the project depends on the variation in the designing and process used for developing the building and other architectural plan (Azim, 2010). The variations are the change in the order plan to manage the changing request and demand of the owner. The alteration process should be initialized to transform the working design of the project and scope of project development plan. The change in the technological advancement results in emphasising the changes in the design specification of the undertaken model. The efficiency of the project depends on bringing changes in the following components of undertaken construction plan:
Validation in the project design: The significant changes should be done in the design of the construction program according to the change in the requirement specification plan prepared during the project initialization phase. The practical construction of the project should be according to the changes in the specification plan (Baccarini, 2015).
Validation in the resources required: The smooth working plan of the project can be constructed by managing the supply and demand of the resources at the construction site. The contractual agreement should be developed with the contractor for determining the resources and makes its availability according to the demand raised by the working employees (Beleiu, and Crisan, and Nistor,2015)..
Validation in the Quality of the project design: The quality standard should be prepared during the project initiation phase so that the variation in the output design can be minimized and the satisfaction level of the customers should be met.
Validation in the working environmental condition: The focus should be given on the work, health, and safety principles so that the throughput and work efficiency of the employees should be effectively improved which helps in completing the project within the mentioned time line and cost. The good quality machinery and healthy climate should be provided to the customers.
Validation in the division of work: The work should be divided among the member participants according to their capabilities and work efficiency. The equal opportunities should be given to the working employees for managing the resources.
The contract should be signed with the contractor for providing the resources at adequate amount of price. The valuation of the project depends upon the quality of resources used for developing it. The complexities of the project can be minimized by forecasting the additional cost associated with the project development phase (Sperking, 2015). The contractor administrates the contract by analysing the variation in the working process of the project. The date of project accomplishment should be managed by forecasting the resources before their demand. By studying the cases and literature on the construction project, it has been identified that there are several factors which are responsible for bringing changes in the construction project. Some of the major causes of the project variation are identification of discrepancies in the design specification of the project, inadequate changes in the construction design, geographical and environmental changes at the site location, inadequate coordination and cooperation among the working parties, failure of the procurement plan, lack of governmental rules and regulations associated with the project, misinterpretation of the strategic plan of the project, determining the financial problems associated with the processes, analysing the changes in weather and environmental condition of the project, and others. The validation and verification protocols are used for determining the project efficiency in the construction program. The proactive action plan should be developed for minimizing the uncertainties associated with the project. The arrangement of the compensation and remuneration helps in improving the throughput and work efficiency of the stakeholders. The forecasting of the supply chain helps in estimation of the cost and price for developing the budget of the project and resources used. The active participation of the customers in bringing changes in the working plan of the project helps in improving the quality of the end product. The performance of the project depends on the incorporation of variation by following the principles of Agile project management principles. The focus should be given on analysing the cultural differences in the employees so that the ethical code of conduct should be delivered in the working program of the construction. The variation in the project design is
Efficiency of Construction Projects
The delivery of the construction project can be expedite by developing the framework to define the functionality and role and responsibilities of the project manager to take effective decision for the betterment of the project. The clear understanding of the project goal and vision helps the project manager to take required decision according to the project situation and complexities. The new policies and procedures should be designed by him so that the distribution of resources can be manageable among the working parties (Vidal, and Marle, 2015). The progress of the report depends on the identification of project objectives. The project manager efficiency can be enhanced if he possesses the good leadership qualities, communication skills, and teamwork motivational skills. The progress of the project can be expedite by recognising the key functions of the manager by developing the contract terms and condition following the FIDIC obligations. The following clauses and general condition should be given privilege for designing the project effectively and having proper communication with various units of the project to complete the work in progress within the projected time and cost. The following framework follows the FIDIC terms and condition policies for increasing the working efficiency of the project manner.
Communication Framework
- The consultant should directly communicate with the project manager. There should be no conversation takes place of contractor and consultant. The administration and monitoring of the contractor working is done by the project manager for improving the flow of resources among the working units of the construction program.
- The terms and condition should be clearly defined to the contractor so that no discrepancies occur in the working schedule of the project development program.
- The mode of payment and inspection program should be clearly defined in the contract. The contractor should have documentation about the authority of project control policies.
- The project manager is having the authority of rejecting the contract proposal. The builders should be provided with the effective engineering drawings. The quality of the resources should be checked by providing the sample of the resources to the project manager.
- The appropriate action can be taken by the project manager on the contractor if any discrepancies of work are found. The additional inspection program can be arranged by the project manager for analysing the quality of work provided by the contractor. The specific data should be collected for reviewing the performance of the contractor.
- The periodic meeting should be arranged between the project manager and the contractor for managing the change of request in the development program of construction. The duration of activities should be determined by consulting with the contractor. The supervision and acceptance of work should be clearly determined.
- The duties and responsibilities should be clearly defined to the stakeholders
- The testing of the operational program should be done periodically.
- The project manager can change the order of the contract with respect to the time, cost, quality, and resources used
- The certification of work should be provided to the project manager by the contractor for the inspection of work , quality of resources used, approval of the engineering drawing
- The notification of the milestone and completion of the project should be generated by the contractor to the project manager
The criteria and functions of the project manager should be clearly defined according to the requirement of the project. The systematic distribution of functions helps in estimating the clear idea of the responsibilities.
The functions performed by project manager in the pre-construction phase are:
- Allocation of budget by analysing the cost of the physical and human resources used
- Development of the engineering design
- Reviewing the technical requirement of the project
- Developing the work breakdown structure of the project
- Identifying the construction cost of the project
- Approval of the project license
- Identification of the project processes and required resources
- Issuing of required documentation
The functions performed by the project manager in the construction phase:
- Handover of the site for construction program to the contractor
- Managing construction program
- Identification of work coordination and cooperation among the working units
- Identification of the progress report
- Systematic analysis of the technical supervision
- Keeping of project record
- Identification of contract payment
- Performing auditing process
The likelihood of the variation should be identified by the project manager so that the efficiency of the construction program can be improved. The key functions performed by the project manager are enabling the forecasting of the project requirement, planning the business processes and operations for improving the construction scenario, organization of the project activities in the systematic program, processes can be effectively controlled, managing coordination of the activities, and motivating the employees through the use of communication tools and processes. The quality of the project management process can be improved by successful demonstration of the on-site working program (Whitney, and Daneils, 2013). The projection of the critical activities helps in minimizing the risks associated with the project development program. The rules of specification should be identified for improving the work practices and developing standards for the contract management program. The tight schedule of the construction program should be developed for completing the work on the project.
The procurement and supply chain management practice can be improved by deploying the principles of total quality management. The performance of the project manager can be improved by initializing the concept of total quality management program. The supply chain management program helps in improving the control over the supply of resources according to the business plan of the project. The TQM standard is used for improving the efficiency of the project delivery system. The TQM is made up of three modules which are categorised as total, quality, and management. The total represents the supply chain program incorporated by the business units for formulating the programmed project. The quality program used for defining the control and standards to gets effective organization of the project process. The management is the systematic alignment of people, processes, procedures, tools, and technologies in the effective manner. The project manager plays a vital role in managing the processes and procedures of the project to satisfy the customers and business need of the project. The customer centric view should be developed for initializing the continuous improvement plan. The attention should be given towards the management of the team work plan. The value added process can be defined for managing the two way communication for managing the project boundaries and completing the project plan within the prescribed time and cost. The success of the project depends on the supply chain management program because it helps in managing the physical resources at the site location which in turn improves the throughput and capabilities of the working employees. The warehousing of the inventory focuses on managing the finished goods, transportation, and packaging. The integration of TQM and SCM helps in improving the external and internal partnerships with the business partners. The operational and the strategic issues can be effectively resolved by summarising quality assurance and quality control policies. The productivity and manufacturing of the product can be enhanced by optimizing the process engineering parameters (BOEM, 2011). The TQM principles should be followed for managing the demand and supply chain management efficiency. The focus should be given on the following:
Factors Affecting Variation in Construction Projects
Focus on the consumer demand: The core attention should be given on the demand raised by the customers for getting the acceptance of the end product delivery. The quality of the project gets affected due to the use of inadequate communication tools. The customers change in request is not get tracked effectively which can results into the failure of the project (Wilson, 2012).
Leadership skills: The skills and expertise of the project manager can be improved by recognising the requirement of the project and resources used for the completion of the activities (Carstea, Paun, and Paun, 2011). The decision making capability of the project manager can be enhanced by having proactive information about the change in requirement, variation in the quality standard, delay in the resources supply, and others. The responsibilities of the project manager can be foster effectively by analysing the TQM principles incorporated with the supply chain management program (Chang, 2009).
People involvement: The effective management of the supply and demand of resources helps in increasing the capabilities and throughput of the employees. The people get remain connected towards the project activities by having complete and clear understanding of the project goal and objectives. The correlation between the processes helps in improving the project quality. The development of the cross functional team management plan helps in increasing the efficiency of the project quality and standards (Davies, 2007).
System Management: The modularity in the framework of the system helps in improving the quality of the end product. The mutual cooperation among the business members helps in enabling the identification of the module for the development of the process project. The resources can be effectively managed between the system and its sub-units. The operational efficiency of the project can be improved by modularising the project program into smaller sub-programs (Dao, Kermanshachi, Shane, and Hare, 2016).
The efficiency of the procurement process of the project development phase can be improved by deploying the TQM in the procurement model. The good governance of the project depends on the integrity of the procurement program with the principles of quality standards and principles. The procurement process can be improved by initializing the management of goods and services. The objective of the organization can be retrieved by initializing the facts of quality assurance and control parameters. The TQM principles help in improving the procurement management plan by systematic management of the inventory and purchasing of the required resources (Kuo, 2012). The expectation of the customers can be meet by streamlining the organization processes. The supply chain of material resources can be managed. The parameters of purchasing should be made for takin right decision at right time. The cost of the required resources can be minimized. The price of the resources can be minimized which helps in reducing the estimated and budget of the project costs. The procurement process is the integration of material and technology required for the project. The supply chain of the resources can be managed according to the requirement of the organization. The supply of the resources can be effectively managed through the requirement of the business plan. The monitoring of the processes can be improved by managing the effective relationship between the processes (Dao, Kermanshachi, Shane, and Hare, 2016).
Validation in Different Components of Construction Plans
The long term sustainability of the project depends upon the ethical practices followed in the construction program. The decision making compatibility of the project manager can be improved by initializing the people collaboration in the supply chain management program. The contribution of the ethical practices helps in improving the environment and work, health, and safety parameters of the project. The legal obligations should be taken under consideration for the systematic development plan of the project model. The ethical relationship should be developed between the contractor and project owner for managing the supply of resources. The social and economic dependency of the project stakeholders helps the project manager to take effective decision for the benefit of the project. The sustainability of the project depends on identifying the risks associated with the project in the early project management phases and development life cycle. The work, health, and safety standards should be provided to the workers. The cross-communication program should be arranged for meeting the sustainability of the suppliers. The governance of the project depends on the ethical procurement procedures. The training and appraisal program should be arranged for adopting the sustainable business plan. The ethical code of conduct helps in improving the procurement cycle by systematic analysing and identifying the risks and uncertainties associated with the project, setting priority to the risks identified, enabling the supply chain management program, selecting the best suitable supplier and contractor for managing the resources, creating the contract with the supplier, updating the ethical program for procurement process, and others.
The ethical code of conduct helps in improving the supply chain management process for systematic visualizing the supply chain program. The procurement risks should be identified for keeping the balance between the physical and human resources in the systematic manner. The procurement plan should be developed for identifying the criteria and the selection procedures of the contractor to keep the balance between the resources and the people. The selection of the contractor should be made on the basis of the economic feasibility, procurement decision, suitability of the contractor, improving coordination and cooperation among the working units. The suppliers should be shortlisted on the basis of their behaviour, working capability, past performance, identification of situation, and visibility of the sustainable program (Ramseur, 2015). The weightage should be given to the selected suppliers for enhancing the selection procedure without any discrimination. The tender is passed of the contractor whose quotation cost is the lowest. The parameters of the quality standard of the resources supplied should be checked so that the performance of the end result can be improved. The transparency should be managed in the underlying principles of the project management. The sustainability of the project can be improved for making the balance between the environmental policies. The facts and figures should be collected for setting the key performance indicators of the organization. The efficiency of the project increases by identifying the gaps which exist with the collaboration of the business units. The sustainability of the project depends on the quality of the resources used in the development of the project (Rauber, 2012).
Role of Contractor in Construction Projects
The procurement and the supply chain management processes can be improved by incorporating the likelihood of the ethical practices with the business unit. The variation and the uncertainties associated with the project can be effectively minimized by organizing the standard planning of procurement and supply chain management program in the development of the project life cycle scheduling processes. The dependency of the procurement processes and supply chain program helps in facilitating the retrieval of the end product. The reward and award system should be arranged for the supplier and the contractor so as to motivate them with the positive energy (Saed, Yong, and Othman, 2016). The new opportunities should be created by providing equal opportunity to each and every contractor. The performance of the project depends on the action development phase for managing the project activities systematically. The legal agreement should be signed with the contractor for managing the on-time delivery of the resources. It is the two way communication process for identifying the ethical demand of the customers. The standard should be developed for analysing the expected quality of the end product demands by the customers in the project planning phase. The clear and concise requirement specification plan should be developed so that effective code of conduct can be developed for improving the management of the physical and human resources in an effective manner.
The variation and uncertainties associated with the project can be reduced and minimised by enhancing the skills and expertise of the project manager. The success and failure of the project depends on the responsibilities of the project manager (Gu, Song, Chen, 2016). The scheduling of the project development program activities depends on the skills and efficiency of the project manager. The planning and designing of the project activities depends on the managerial skills of the project manager. The monitoring and continuous improvement plan of the project can be effectively developed for achieving the long term sustainability of the project. The open communication with the stakeholders helps in reducing the risks and uncertainties associated with the project. The controlling of risks helps in improving the performance of the business model. The organization of the project hierarchy results in managing the flow of information among different units of the project model. The efficiency and skills of the project manager can be improved by involving the active participation of the customers and stakeholders by indulging the agile project management methodology in the development process of the project. The project manager is the responsible person for defining the scope and time management plan for the development cycle of the project. The systematic designing of the work schedule of the project manager should be done so that the efficiency and compatibility of the project development process can be improved. Some of the major responsibilities of the project manager are defining the scope of the undertaken project, defining and sequencing the project activity schedule, development of the resource planning program, organization of the project schedule, estimation of time and duration of the project activities, estimation of the cost and budget allocated with the project activities, organizing the effective budget and cost model, designing the documentation of the project for every phases, creating the project chart and schedule, creating risks analysis charts, defining and managing risks and uncertainties associated with the project, creating monitoring and continuous improvement plan for the project development program, developing and obtaining effective leadership style for incorporating the stakeholder contribution and thoughts in the designing of the project activities schedule, identifying the strategic issues and plans associated with the project, defining the quality control structure of the project, and obtaining the benefits and profit gained by the undertaken project management plan (Oehmen, Josef, Thuesen, Christian, Ruiz, Pedro, Geraldi, and Joana. (2015). The variations associated with the project can be effectively reduced by identifying and redefining the project plan. The project manager selects the team members of multiple dimensions so that the creativity and throughput of the project team members can be improved. The planning of the project activities should be done according to the goal and objectives of the project. The focus should be given on the processes and tasks accomplished for finishing the working model effectively. The coordination of the project schedule helps in minimizing the uncertainties associated with the dynamic changes in the project development phase. The execution of the project depends upon the organization of the role and responsibilities of the team management program. The follow up and feedback of the undertaken project activities should be taken for improving the project progress report. The decision making capability of the project manager can be improved by resolving the technical and communication issues which exist with the project management activities. The communication process helps in managing interlinking between the internal and external stakeholders for enabling the chain of command. The team management plan should be developed for identifying the key goal, vision, and objectives of the project model. The information can be effectively managed between the working units of the project so that the risks and uncertainties can be effectively minimized. The risks response and allocation procedures help in minimizing the aspect of variation with the interlinking units of the project model. The assignment of the tasks should be done by identifying the risks and changes required in the undertaken process activities. The organization of the team management plan and coordination among the team members helps in minimizing the risks of the project failure circumstances. The application of the tools and technologies of the project model helps in meeting the criteria of the project management requirement. The leadership quality of the project manager helps in developing the team spirit between the member participants so that the project can be completed at a much lower price. The people get remain connected towards the project activities by having complete and clear understanding of the project goal and objectives (Ochieng, and Hughes, 2013). The correlation between the processes helps in improving the project quality. The development of the cross functional team management plan helps in increasing the efficiency of the project quality and standards. The management is the systematic alignment of people, processes, procedures, tools, and technologies in the effective manner. The project manager plays a vital role in managing the processes and procedures of the project to satisfy the customers and business need of the project. The customer centric view should be developed for initializing the continuous improvement plan (Passenheim, 2015). The road mapping of the project activities helps in having the clear vision, goal, and objectives of the project model. The team should be empowered for serving the project demand according to the changing requirement of the business units.
Framework for Effective Construction Project Management
The variation in the contract and the actual demand of the project helps in increasing the risks and uncertainty factors associated with the project development program. The focus should be given on selecting the factors responsible for identifying the variation in the project development phase. The legal agreement should be prepared so that the cost of the project can be fixed so that the variation in the budgeted cost and actual cost of the project can be minimized (Otieno, 2014). The efficiency of the project depends on identifying the cost variance and the schedule variance of the project management program. The outsourcing of the project activities to the third party for completing helps in minimizing risks of the project failure. The overrunning of the project cost and time is the result of incorrect determining of the project prerequisite for forecasting the success of the project. The cost control policies should be systematically reviewed so that the active participation can be incorporated for minimizing the chance of risks occurrence. The project budget should be periodically reviewed so that profit earned by the company can be easily calculated. The net profit earned by the company helps in analysing the success and failure of the project (Owens, 2010). The planning of the risks and uncertainties associated with the project should be systematically reviewed so that identification of the risks can takes place at an early stage of the project. The risks mitigation plan are developed so that the uncertainties can be minimized in the project initiation phase. The risks can be handled by enabling the procedures of risks avoidance, risks mitigation plan, transfer of risks, and enabling acceptance of risks. The duration of risks can hurdles the growth of the project. The sequence of events should be systematically organized for identifying and handling the risks in the systematic manner (Lebcir, and Choudhrie, 2011). The potential risks which are associated with the project are depends upon the technical discrepancies, cost variance, schedule variance, client management plan, financial dependency of the business processes, and correlation between environment and people. The development of the risks breakdown structure and risks register helps in enabling the association of the process and people model. The evaluation of risks depends upon predicting the impact of risks severity and likelihood. The sum of risks severity and likelihood helps in calculating the risk ranking so that project can be effectively developed by minimizing the risks easily. The impact of the potential risks helps in determining the potential loss associated with the project organization and flow of activities. The project complexities increases or decreases by identifying the risks during the project start-up phase. The risks should be allocated between the business partners so that the impact of risks can be minimized by distributing the risks impact on the business project. The criteria should be developed for minimizing the variation in the supply chain management system and procurement variance. The integration of TQM and SCM helps in improving the external and internal partnerships with the business partners. The operational and the strategic issues can be effectively resolved by summarising quality assurance and quality control policies. The quality of the project gets affected due to the use of inadequate communication tools. The good governance of the project depends on the integrity of the procurement program with the principles of quality standards and principles. The procurement process can be improved by initializing the management of goods and services. The objective of the organization can be retrieved by initializing the facts of quality assurance and control parameters. The parameters of the quality standard of the resources supplied should be checked so that the performance of the end result can be improved. The transparency should be managed in the underlying principles of the project management. The sustainability of the project can be improved for making the balance between the environmental policies.
Project Manager’s Efficiency in Construction Projects
The emphasis should be given to the indulging of pre and post parameters of risks identification process. It helps in minimizing the discrepancies in the end product of the project. The verification and validation protocol should be developed for identifying the risks and minimizing its impact on the project development process. The risks and uncertainties associated with the contract results in the project variance. The significant changes should be done in the design of the construction program according to the change in the requirement specification plan prepared during the project initialization phase. The practical construction of the project should be according to the changes in the specification plan. The risks control policies should be designed so that the breakdown of cost and work breakdown structure can be effectively developed. The strategic approach should be developed for minimizing the technological advancement variation in the project working cycle. The performance of the project can be improved by indulging the program of risks avoidance and risks control parameters. The periodic meeting should be arranged between the project manager and the contractor for managing the change of request in the development program of construction.
References
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