Immigrant Populations in the UK Healthcare Industry
Immigrants, transcendently minority networks’ populaces, make up one in each five individuals in Wales and England. The dominance of them is seeking after vocations in clinical consideration, like drug store, care collaborators, just as mental work. Because of the sheer high necessity for labourers in the UK, the general medical care framework is among the ventures where various migrants track down work every year. Moreover, the various benefits provided to clinical specialists are an inspiring component that urges people to work here. Medical services labourers show up as single men or as families and set up in extra time (Fennig, 2021). According to published findings, immigrant populations are more prone to experience concerns such as suicidal thoughts, anxiety, as well as despair, and are more likely to be affected by psychological problems than their White colleagues. They have been discovered to be readily arrested under the Psychiatric Competence Act, as well as in the face of psychotic disorders. Racism and prejudice can harm individuals and lead to uncomfortable situations (Satinsky, et al., 2019).
Moreover, to support the above mentioned information, the authors Hodes, et al, (2018), have stated in their study that following appearance in the host country, transients need to adapt to the need to adjust to another climate, regularly with another dialect and an alternate greater part culture. This can be connected with worries about the destiny of their families, regardless of whether the families relocated with them or remained in the nation of beginning. Different difficulties might include addressing the administrative necessities for getting consent to remain in a country. Especially for haven searchers and immigrant travellers, there is the extra upsetting vulnerability concerning how long they can remain in the new country. They face the expected danger of being extradited or potentially kept and significant delays until their still up in the air. The early isolation from families, as well as the demand for residences to invite relatives from abroad, can cause mental upheaval (Hodes, et al., 2018). Not only this, but the author Fennig (2021), supported this point by mentioning that, As of now, there is no unmistakable and reliable proof of higher pervasiveness of temperament or tension issues in refugees and travelers at appearance contrasted and the host populaces. The main problem for which significant and reliable contrasts in similar pervasiveness have been accounted for is post-horrible pressure issue (PTSD); this is explicit for evacuee gatherings (9–36% in displaced people contrasted and 1–2% in have populaces). Nonetheless, PTSD is not the most common problem in immigrants. State of mind issues, like misery, are more successive than PTSD in immigrant people and refugees (predominance can change somewhere in the range of 5% and 44%), in spite of the fact that commonness does not reliably contrast from have populaces (Fennig, 2021). According to the study of Satinsky, et al (2019), Psychological support, as well as mental health counselling facilities, are plentiful and easily accessible, offering non-confrontational and anonymous care to those in demand. Workplace Community Health centers as well as Guidance Units offer free counselling, self-directed aid, and cognitive behavioural treatment to help people cope with clinical depression as well as anxiety issues. However, the sticking point is that there exists no appropriate appeal to workers who may require assistance, and there is no space for them to express their views (Satinsky, et al., 2019).
Psychological Challenges Faced by Immigrant Healthcare Staff in the UK
Such experts in the United Kingdom are dealing with a slew of psychological as well as economic issues as they attempt to integrate into a new nation, which is difficult due to a variety of causes. Are people psychologically ok at the finish of the day, even though the employment is fulfilling and fulfills all of their needs? Do they have any genuine issues with their work? Do they genuinely enjoy what they do? Do they take advantage of the mental health resources that are accessible to them to communicate their worries? How do people deal with the constraints that they face in the workplace? As medical careers are intense and demanding, balancing work and personal life can be tough. Are they capable of overcoming their psychological health concerns at work, or do they possess access to resources that could assist them in dealing with their issues? To concentrate on such questions, Hodes, et al, (2018), states that although socioeconomic disparities reflect a bigger perspective of the situation, it is also necessary to determine whether there are any other hidden variables in this issue (Hodes, et al., 2018). This research proposal assessment will majorly focus on psychological issues as well as obstacles to seeking treatment in preparation for a survey of medical experts that will delve further into these concerns (Brenman, 2021).
The major research question for this particular research will be to evaluate whether the immigrants in the UK are experiencing bullying in the healthcare departments?
Besides that, the second question states that do these immigrant healthcare staff in the UK experience burnout which is correlated with the aspects of mental and physical health.
The study given by the authors Knaak (2017), mental disease stigma, particularly which occurs inside the medical system as well as among health practitioners, has indeed been highlighted as a key impediment to healing and therapy for people with mental disorders, as well as inferior standard care provided. Stigma even affects health practitioners’ help-seeking behaviour patterns as well as adversely affects their working environment. The study has mentioned that many individuals who have suffered from a psychiatric condition report feeling undervalued, disregarded, as well as dehumanized by the healthcare professionals with whomever they interact. Feeling left out of choices, having received delicate or unsubtle dangers of coercion, being forced to wait an extraordinary amount of time for assistance, being provided incomplete data about an individual’s situation or possible treatments, being handled in paternalism or degrading way, being tried to tell they would not get better, and also being vocalized to and about using stigmatizing language are all common themes (Knaak, Mantler & Szeto, 2017).
As per the study of another author named Stubbs (2014), it has been found that stigma is known to be a sign of disgrace which tends to set a person apart. The authors stated that stigma related to mental illness tends to exist among the general public which often leads to discrimination and prejudice against many people experiencing mental illness in many areas of life like social relationships and housing, employment, and many more. Moreover, the study also mentioned that the less widely recognized is known to be the fact the stigma also tends to exist in healthcare professionals and students which includes people who are directly involved in helping people who experience mental illness. In addition to this, this stigma present in the healthcare professionals also leads to the involvement of discouragement in healthcare and further results in mistreatment as well as under-diagnoses of physical complaints further leading to poor outcomes of individuals experiencing mental illness. Furthermore, to prevent the harm caused by mental disease stigma, a variety of treatments have indeed been created. Interaction, education, and protest are the three basic types of activities. Interaction confronts stigma with the help of direct interaction among people involved as well as individuals suffering from mental sickness or their caregivers; education seeks to substitute stigmatizing belief systems with much more precise mental illness notions, and protest aims to straight subdue stigmatizing viewpoints as well as affiliated behaviours (Stubbs, 2014).
Access to Mental Health Resources in the UK Healthcare System
Another study given by Kirmayer et al (2011), states that migration tends to affect the mental health of people in various forms. The study has mentioned that Differing immigrant groups have various prevalence of mental diseases, however, these variances do not merely reflect statistics in their home regions. Instead, the frequency of various kinds of issues as well as patterns of healthcare utilization in particular populations can be connected to migratory pathways in terms of hardship faced before, during, as well as after relocation, as well as laws and procedures that govern who is admitted to Canada. Not only this, but the general population studies find that the health of the immigrant population is known to be better as compared to those of the general population in both, that is, sending and receiving countries. immigrants living in Canada often tend to show slightly lower rates of mental illness than the general population and so the rates among the immigrants vary according to the region of origin wherein the highest rates were found among the immigrants living in Europe and lowest among those living in Asia and Africa. Moreover, the study states that exposure to torture is known to be the strongest predictor related to the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among immigrants or refugees (Kirmayer, et al., 2011).
The study given by Le Meyer, et al (2009), proved that there are certain factors present which result in the mental health issues among the refugees and the study stated that underutilization of mental health services was one such factor. The study mentioned that, Asian Americans lack adequate mental health services, although the various elements that influence usage have not been investigated in a broadly typical population. The present study reviewed information from the Countrywide Latino as well as Asian American Study (NLAAS) and also looked at 368 people with illnesses to see how they used specialized mental health care and also what characteristics were involved. Asian Americans were shown to have a substantial underuse rate; furthermore, Asian American refugees had a particularly high rate of underuse. Utilization of main care facilities was strongly correlated with the usage of psychiatric treatments for Asian Americans established in the United States, but usage of basic care activities was unconnected to psychological health programs usage for Asian Americans born abroad (Le Meyer, et al., 2009).
Last but not the least, the study proposed by Salaheddin and Mason (2016), states that there exist some barriers in seeking help for mental health among young adults which also includes the healthcare workers in the UK. The authors mentioned that young adults who are facing mental anguish may find it difficult to seek support from others. Younger person’s reluctance to ask for help from others may be due to prejudice as well as unfavourable beliefs concerning mental illness and asking for assistance. Increasing public availability and accessibility programs and supports, as well as evaluation for mental trauma in care settings, may be required to enhance young people’s mental health (Salaheddin & Mason, 2016).
The study design is the very primary thing that must be considered while conducting any study. A study design is generally some type of study framework that an investigator or researcher could utilise to continue the investigation. Qualitative research approach, quantitative design of the study, as well as mixed method research design are indeed the major categories of study designs. Furthermore, different sorts of study design have varied types of advantages, all of which serve to aid the investigator in the study process. Throughout the instance of qualitative research method, for example, the researcher receives assistance in determining how and why to respond to the study topic (Dannels, 2018). Furthermore, a quantitative study approach allows the investigator to collect data in a written style while yet being able to address the study issue subjectively. Furthermore, in the instance of quantitative study method, the investigator has the opportunity of collecting the essential data in both objective and quantifiable format. In this study, the researchers will make use of qualitative research design as it will allow the researcher to take the advantage of insights which are specific to the mental health of immigrants in UK.
Stigma Surrounding Mental Health in the UK Healthcare System
The population of the research will include all those healthcare staff who are suffering from mental health disorders at the department of mental health of Broadmoor hospital. The participants in the research will range between the age from 25 to 59 years old. The Institute of Psychological Health of the selected healthcare setting will be used to enroll every one of the study respondents. Crowthorne will make up the entire group of recruits. The present study will eliminate those individuals who probably will not meet the eligibility requirements. Individuals who will be unable to speak vocally will be amongst individuals who will get eliminated further in the research. Staff members who had not received mental health treatments for more than a month will also be eliminated. The respondents in the study will first be chosen using a convenience sample technique. All those healthcare staff seeking mental health care will be treated using this manner (Pandey & Pandey, 2021).
It is known that the entire research is typically based on the information gathered regarding the research topic. So, to gather the required data, the researcher is required to follow the certain steps which are significantly designed for the purpose of gathering the required data in the best possible manner. There exist two main types of methods for the purpose of data collection which are primary and secondary data. For his particular study, the researcher will use the secondary data collection method. Secondary method will help the researcher in collecting the data from the existing studies as well as prior researches for exploring the concepts of the matter of the research. By using this method, the researcher will utilise various online sources for collecting the information such as journals, books, magazines and many more. The benefit of using secondary method for data collection will include that it will not be expensive and complex in comparison to the primary method of data collection. Moreover, utilising the secondary method will facilitate the investigator to use the related databases such as google scholar, Medline and many more. In addition to this, some keywords will be used to search the related articles and journals which will involve “mental health among immigrants”, “mental health among UK healthcare staff”, and many more.
Following the collection of necessary data, the investigator conducts a data analysis, wherein the investigator examines the acquired data in order to determine the authenticity as well as integrity of the study and its findings. Furthermore, it is necessary to mention that this procedure aids in the analysis of the outcomes of the acquired data, which in turn aids in the discovery of the study results. However, there exist numerous different kinds of data analysis methodologies, including thematic research, contextual data analysis, transparency analysis, statistical analysis, and several others. In this work, the investigator will employ a thematic data analysis method, primarily because it will allow them to study both kinds of data acquired from various sources (Thelwall, 2021). Moreover, thematic analysis is known to be a qualitative research method that organises, details, and comprehensively examines material. It is more than just counting words or phrases in a text; it is something completely distinct. In study, thematic analysis entails conducting study on an issue by using both subjective as well as theoretical understanding to the literature in order to develop themes. The concepts in the original data are analysed using a set structure and processes (Braun & Clarke, 2021).
Ethics are known to be basis of the research study which eventually tend to provide the required originality of the study. These are known to be the standards or the norms of any research study which are significantly needed to be followed by the researcher accordingly. The researcher in this study will take care of the information provided by the secondary sources such as journals and articles or the information taken from the other author’s study. Moreover, the researcher will also provide proper citations as well as in-text-citation in the information or data mentioned in the study accordingly.
The conflicts of interest existed in the information shared by the different authors. Although there were very few conflicts in the idea which they shared as initially, the authors agreed that mental disease stigma, particularly which occurs inside the medical system as well as among health practitioners, has indeed been highlighted as a key impediment to healing and therapy for people with mental disorders, as well as inferior standard care provided. Stigma even affects health practitioners’ help-seeking behaviour patterns as well as adversely affects their working environment. Moreover, authors also agreed that differing immigrant groups have various prevalence of mental diseases, however, these variances do not merely reflect statistics in their home regions. Instead, the frequency of various kinds of issues as well as patterns of healthcare utilization in particular populations can be connected to migratory pathways in terms of hardship faced before, during, as well as after relocation, as well as laws and procedures that govern who is admitted to Canada. The conflicts aroused when other authors stated that there exist barriers in seeking help for mental health among young adults which also includes the healthcare workers in the UK. As the authors mentioned that young adults who are facing mental anguish may find it difficult to seek support from others. Younger person’s reluctance to ask for help from others may be due to prejudice as well as unfavourable beliefs concerning mental illness and asking for assistance.
We combed the material for information on the incidence as well as risk variables for prevalent mental health issues emigration, the impact of sociocultural factors upon wellness and health, including therapeutic measures to enhance psychiatric care for refugees and immigrants. Journals were chosen in cooperation with specialists in migrants’ and refugees’ psychological health on the grounds of applicability, utilization of current statistics, as well as excellence.
References
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, 13(2), 201-216.
Brenman, N. F. (2021). Placing precarity: access and belonging in the shifting landscape of UK mental health care. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 45(1), 22-41.
Fennig, M. (2021). Cultural adaptations of evidence-based mental health interventions for refugees: Implications for clinical social work. The British Journal of Social Work, 51(3), 964-981.
Hodes, M., Vasquez, M. M., Anagnostopoulos, D., Triantafyllou, K., Abdelhady, D., Weiss, K., … & Skokauskas, N. (2018). Refugees in Europe: National overviews from key countries with a special focus on child and adolescent mental health. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(4), 389-399.
Kirmayer, L. J., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A. G., Guzder, J., … & Pottie, K. (2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care. Cmaj, 183(12), E959-E967.
Knaak, S., Mantler, E., & Szeto, A. (2017, March). Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare: Barriers to access and care and evidence-based solutions. In Healthcare management forum (Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 111-116). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Le Meyer, O., Zane, N., Cho, Y. I., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2009). Use of specialty mental health services by Asian Americans with psychiatric disorders. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 77(5), 1000.
NHS., (2021). Broadmoor Hospital. https://www.westlondon.nhs.uk/our-services/adult/secure-services/broadmoor-hospital
Pandey, P., & Pandey, M. M. (2021). Research Methodology Tools and Techniques.
Salaheddin, K., & Mason, B. (2016). Identifying barriers to mental health help-seeking among young adults in the UK: a cross-sectional survey. British Journal of General Practice, 66(651), e686-e692.
Satinsky, E., Fuhr, D. C., Woodward, A., Sondorp, E., & Roberts, B. (2019). Mental health care utilisation and access among refugees and asylum seekers in Europe: A systematic review. Health Policy, 123(9), 851-863.
Stubbs, A. (2014). Reducing mental illness stigma in health care students and professionals: a review of the literature. Australasian Psychiatry, 22(6), 579-584.
Thelwall, M. (2021). Word association thematic analysis: a social media text exploration strategy. Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services, 13(1), i-111.
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