Concept of Quality
Quality management generally refers to the act of overseeing the different activities and tasks that are needed for the purpose of maintaining the level of excellence that is desired. Besides this the quality management is also associated with involving the determination of the quality policy along with the creation and implementation of the quality planning as well as assurance and improvement in quality. Quality management is also termed as total quality management. The quality management is associated with focusing upon the long term goals by implementation different short term initiatives (Sanz-Calcedo et al., 2015). At the core, TQM or the Total Quality Management is considered to be the business philosophy which is responsible the idea of long term success of the company come from the satisfaction of the customers. This process also requires working together of the various stakeholders in the business so as to improve the processes, products, services and the culture of the company. In this report we would be discussing about the major findings of the interview with Dr. Islam. The interview mainly talks about the organization Delmon Poultry and the quality management process it has. The report has also been associated with recommending tools that are used for carrying out change, the tools that are used for identifying if a change is an improvement, and lastly the tools used for measuring improvement.
Nature of food manufacturing in Bahrain:
Quality management helps in overseeing all the tasks and activities of the organization which are needed for maintaining the level of excellence that is desired. This is the process which also involves the determination of the quality policies along with the creation and implementation of quality planning or assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. Quality is a general information or word associated with satisfying the customers. The major aim of quality management is to provide satisfaction to the customers.
Food industry that has been considered is the poultry industry. There as there 300 big customers belonging to different cultures. The main issue is to satisfy all the culture. The main aspect of this industry is chicken (Nanda, 2016). There are different tastes preferences of customers regarding the chicken. So in order to make sure that they are being satisfied proper order is to be delivered to the respective customers in order to achieve the goals. The food industry of Bahrain has been identified as the base of manufacturing food facilities so as to supply food to the Gulf as well as to wider Middle East and to regions of North Africa. Besides this it is seen that the food processing sector of Bahrain has been associated with contributing about 0.4% to the GDP of the country in the year of 2015. Some of the major states where Bahrain has exported food products in the year of 2015 includes Iraq, Bangladesh, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Generous subsidies have been associated with driving this sector and this mainly includes three products which mainly includes the red meat, flour, and poultry products. The key reason lying behind the growth of this industry is the Urban lifestyle which has been associated with raising the living standards of every individual. The diet preferences have shifted towards products which are protein enriched along with being packaged and fast food (Khudia et al., 2015). The modern retail formats that the hypermarkets and the supermarkets are having is gaining popularity amongst the busy consumers of the GCC and are catering towards diverse taste and preferences by using a wide array of food products and brands.
Nature of Food Manufacturing in Bahrain
The domestic regulatory environment is consisting of the Ministry of Health, Agriculture and Public Health Directorate of the PHD. This is entirely responsible for managing the safety and manufacturing procedures of food. PHD is one section of the Ministry of Health which owns a section associated with the food control which can further be classified into domestic food safety group and licensing and imported food safety which are responsible for the monitoring any kind of food containments along with overseeing the health of the citizen for eth purpose of providing the highest assurance regarding the safety of the food. In addition to this the Ministry of Health’s Food safety group is associated with making sure of the fact that there exists a consistent inspection visit along with audits and conducting of experiments in the laboratory on the food products so as to confirm that human remains safe after its consumption (Gratwohl et al., 2014). Besides this the food controlling section is also associated with following the most important international standards like the WHO and GSO which is responsible for allowing them in improving the standards of the food industry and the licensing procedure of Bahrain. All these things are initially responsible for providing Bahrain an opportunity of maintaining the food safety policies of highest quality in different food industry existing within the country.
GSO or the GCC Standardization Organization is the regional Standardization Organization. This was established by the Resolution of the GCC Supreme Council and started its operations in the year of 2004 with its membership of the government of The States of the United Arab Emirates, The Kingdom of Bahrain, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, The Sultanate of Oman, The State of Qatar and The State of Kuwait. The main aim of GSO includes providing assistance to the States of the Cooperation Council for the Arad States of the Gulf in order to make sure that they achieve the objectives which has been set forth in the Charter of GSO and in the GCC Economic Agreement. This was done by unification of the different standardization activities and by following up the implementation as well as the compliance with the same cooperation and coordination with the standardization bodies present in the Member States (Goetsch & Davis, 2014). This was done for eth purpose of developing the production and the service sectors along with fostering the Intra-GCC trade, protecting the consumers along with the environment and the public health. Besides this it also included the enhancement of the GCC economy along its competitiveness and meeting the requirements that the Gulf Custom Union and the Gulf Common Market is having.
The HACCP or the hazard analysis and Critical Control Points are considered to be the systematic preventive approach which is related to the food safety from the different types of hazards like the biological, chemical and physical hazards in the process of production which is capable of making the finished product unsafe. The organization Delmon Poultry is HACCP certified and is associated with designing measures which are needed in order to reduce the risks up to a safe level. There are two critical points in the organization. ISO 22000 is the food safety management system which the organization has so as to show the customers that they are having a food safety management system in place (Taskov & Mitreva, 2015). Besides this the organization is thinking of getting recertification like the ISO 9001, which is an international standard associated with specifying the basic requirements of the quality management system and is to be used for the purpose of demonstrating its ability of providing products as well as service which meets the requirements of the customers and the regulatory requirements, 14001 is the international standard that is associated with specifying the requirements for an effective environmental management system and the framework provided by this is to be followed by the organization and lastly the 18001 is the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment series related to the occupational health and safety management system. This is a global certificate and the certificated that the organization is having which can be used globally.
Regulatory Environment
The main purpose is to maintain a production which is continuous and is rich in quality. It is essential to make sure that the quality is meeting the gulf standards. The quality management system helps in making the products better along with making sure that the customers are being satisfied. The main aim of the QMS is much more than the implementation of the list of instructions and processes. The built-in system of the QMS is responsible for the tracking of the variables and the tracing of the particular products which are coming off the production line. Besides this the collected data is associated with putting the business to an advantageous position so as to improve the quality and understand the variability as well (Ross, 2017). The QMS would be helping in the identification of the patterns along with adjusting the processes which would help in leveraging the trends which increases the profitability along with the consistency and durability.
Quality is an obscure concept and the main reason behind this is that one which seems to be a quality might not be a quality for another. So it can be stated that the need and purpose of the quality standards are very much crucial. The ISO standards like the ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 27001 are the standards which act as the framework for business. The standards are clearly defined along with eth requirements so as to make the organization meet the things that the consumers consider to be quality and this is done so as to make sure that they improve the overall vision towards which eth organization should work. These are the standards which are only meant for the purpose of serving as a framework. However, there are still walls which need to be built and fixtures that need to be mounted along with a floor to be laid and this is where the quality management standard comes into play (Goetz et al., 2015). The quality management system is the tool that is used by the organizations for the purpose of meeting the quality standards in an effective way. Quality management system plays a vital role in preventing the losses and improving the compliances by providing a method which helps the companies in measuring and various products, processes, services, productions, procedures and the employees. This is done so as to make sure that the expected things are being met.
the Quality Management system is associated with playing a vital role in the food manufacturing industry. Besides this the quality management system is associated with ensuring the fact that the food being provided to the customers is safe and is of high quality. Quality management system are of different type and they are being used globally. Some of the most important quality management system includes the GFSI or the Global Food Safety Initiative, IFS or the International Food Standard, BRC or the British Retail Consortium, SQF or the Safe Quality Food and ISO or the International Organization for Standardization ISO 22000. Besides there also exists other certification like the QMS, HACCAP certification and this are utilized in conjunction with the other tools.
The Purpose of Quality Management
There is some basic specification along with other supporting specifications and this includes the ISO 22000:2005 Food Safety Management system which is a requirement for any of the organization in the food chains. The 1ISO/TS 22002-1:2009 is the perquisites regarding the food safety. The 3ISO/TS 22004:2004 Food Safety Management Systems associated with providing guidance upon the application the ISO 22000:2005 is having. The 4ISO 22005:2007 is the Traceability in the feed and food chain and this includes the general principles along with the basic requirements that the system design and system implementation is having.
In order to manage the food safety certain steps needs to be followed in which this single standard is to be applied by the Bahrain organizations or overlap and integrate this with the overall specifications that the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 is having. This is to be chosen according to the suitability for the process related to the obtaining of the certificate of self-deceleration that the organization is having so as to comply with it (Goetz et al., 2015). A representative for the management is to be appointed by the senior management so as to work as team in order to assure safety of the food safety management along with development of an implementation plan. Besides these organizations should undertake a study on the food safety laws of eth states which are applicable for the organization along with its products activities and the operations.
Some of the most dominant mega tools that are being used in general includes the ISO, TQM and the Six Sigma. TQM or the Total Quality Management which exists in any of the system is associated with covering the different areas of the organization and is generally focused upon the satisfaction of the customers. I addition to this the TQM also focused upon improving the methods and the tools that are being utilized in a continuous way. Followed by TQM is the ISO or the International Standard for Organization is consisting of the different standards for the quality. Auditing of the organizations are done which is followed by eth certification so as to meet the guidelines of the standard. Various type of elements is included in the ISO so as to have proper quality management and this would be including activities like the practicing of traceability and making of continuous improvements of eth elements so as to meet the requirements of the certification. Six Sigma, this is the type of approach which is generally used for the purpose of achieving improvements which are related to the goals that the company sis having. This is also associated with specifying the details about how the organization is to be set up in order to meet the goals that has been intended (Westgard & Westgard, 2017). Few important features of the sig sigma include the usage of the data and statistical analysis and involvement of highly trained leaders and these leaders are known to be green or black belt holders. They are responsible for aiding the process of reducing the errors and helping in reaching the goals.
There are almost 746 ISO certified companies in Bahrain and amongst this 746 only 35 of the companies are ISO 22000 certified as of 2017. So it can be stated that around 5% of the companies are having total ISO certification in Bahrain however this is considered to be an improvement as that of the year 2016 in which the number was only around 24. SO the increase in ISO certification has been associated with showing the fact that the food manufacturing industry of Bahrain has realized the importance that the proper Quality Management is having related to the manufacturing of food.
Despite of having an own governmental body associated with creation of food manufacturing and safety standards, Bahrain is also a member of the GSO. The standards which are approved by the GSO is usually found to be adopted as one of the official standard for the country which initially makes it a domestic standard (Zimon, 2016). So it can be stated that GSO is responsible for providing the standards that are officially adopted by the organization. GSO is responsible for making huge usage of the ISO standards as its main building block and for this reason it is seen that the Quality management system that Bahrain is having is not violating the GSO regulations that are being adopted by the domestic regulations. So they are considered to be good standing due for the international standards which have major influences on the standards that has been adopted in Bahrain.
Analysis and evaluation of the mega-tools & quality standards utilized in the Bahrain Food Manufacturing sector and Delmon Poultry Company
Kingdom of Bahrain is consisting of food manufacturing sector which is associated with following the standards that has been set domestically and all this standard which are being utilized have been developed by a joint effort from different government bodies. These are the standards which are submitted to the GSO and the major reason lying behind this is that the Kingdom of Bahrain is a member of the GSO. These standards are generally set in between the countries that are the members of the GSO and are found to be becoming the domestic standards. Due to the reason that the GSO standards are highly reliant upon the international standards which acts as the primary source for the creation and modification of the standards existing. For this reason, the Kingdom of Bahrain is associated with adhering mostly to the standards which are international for manufacturing the food (Jiménez-Jiménez et al., 2015). The local standards are dependent upon the GSO and the GSO is based upon the international standards.
Despite being reliant upon the various domestic regulations for food and manufacturing standards, the Kingdom of Bahrain is having only 35 food manufacturing companies which have been certified with the food and safety management system ISO 22000.
Delmon poultry is one of the organization existing in Bahrain associated with the utilization of the ISO 22000 and other type of mega tools. ISO 22000 is one of the most important mega tool which is associated with providing the requirements that the food safety management system is having and by receiving the requirements it is possible for the company to safely control the food from different kind of hazards ad for assuring the safety of the food so as to be consumed by the humans. Besides this the HACCAP is also used which is associated with the analysis of the products in order check for any kind of contamination related to the biological, chemical or physical hazard from the point of it being as raw materials to the end product produced.
Comparison of the mega-tools & quality standards utilized in the Bahrain Food Manufacturing sector and Delmon Poultry Company with other GCC countries and to global best practice
The comparison between the GCC countries and Bahrain can be considered to be a comparison between two apples. The GCC countries are seen the members of the GSO and they are associated with pitching their standards and whenever it is approved it gets adopted eventually into all countries which are eh members of the GSO domestic standards. Besides these requirements for trade between the GCC countries in terms of the food are generally bounded by the different GSO standards. In addition to this the requirements for trade between the GCC countries in terms of food are generally bounded by the GSO standards while considering the food safety related to the export and importing between the countries.
Despite of the situation that exists between the GCC countries which are having similar standards among them all and the global best practices generally vary in accordance to the region. One such examples are that the food and drug administration of United states is consisting of a list related to their best practices and it is seen that this greatly differs from the practices which are suggested by ISO. For example, the FDA of the United States is associated with stating the fact that there is no requirement of an explicit audit even if they are suggested to be the good manufacturing practice wherein it is observed that the plans for internal audits of the ISO standards are being made. Another example of this is that the FDA good manufacturing practices is associated with stating the fact that none of the documents are specified except the supplier certification, cleaning compounds and raw materials however in case of ISO standards it is seen that there exists a vast difference between the requirements and there is a requirement of different kind of documents so as to obtain traceability. The Canadian Food Safety programs is associated with showing some of the similarities with the ISO standards in terms of the traceability requirements which is used by the GSO as well as the ISO. Additionally, the food safety program of Canada is associated with suggesting the usage of the HACCP as well along with the different local Food Safety Program.
The benefits of implementing a quality management system and quality standards as they relate to Delmon Poultry Company
QMS or the quality management system and quality standards would be associated with establishing a framework related to the ways by which the business would be managing the key processes. The implementation of the QMS would be helping Delmon Poultry in achieving a greater consistency in teh various kid of activities which are involved while delivering teh product or teh services (Sallis, 2014). Besides this the QMS would aalso be helping in reducing any kind of maistakes which are expensive in nature. Implementing QMS would be helping Delmon poultry in in increasing teh efficiency as well by making improvements in the usage of time and resources. the QMS would be assocated with with increasing teh productivity and deliver products of high quality which in turn would be responsible for satisfying teh customers and teh organization would also become capable of marking their business in an more effective way along with helping them in exploiting the new market sectors and territories (Cabrerizo et al., 2015). QMS would also be responsible for helping the organization in managing their growth in an effective way as the QMS helps in responsible for easy integration of teh new employees. Lastly the QMS would help Delmon Poultry in constant improvement of their products, processes and systems. Integration of the QMS with the different internal processes existing within the Delmon Poultry is intended to provide the organization with a process approch whcih would be helping the roject execution. Besides this the process based approach of teh QMS would be responsible for enabling the organization to identify, measure, improve and control the different core process of the business which i turn would be responsible for improving the performance of the business. The QMS is also responsible for recognizing the parties who are interested and their requirements which includes the licenses for trading, the guidelines, the requirements of the customers and the Management system standards which has been chosen.
The challenges of implementing a quality management system and quality standards as they relate to Delmon Poultry Company
Organizations have been trying a lot to strive for perfection which often goes overhead. For the purpose of implementing perfect Quality Management system they companies in the food manufacturing sector have been focusing more upon the theory rather than putting the theories into practice. Besides this, there is an organization which is associated with the creation of too many documents up to such an extent that the documents start hindering the functionalities the Quality Management System is having (Leong et al., 2014). For such cases, the employees get lost in eth documentation and this might make them lose interest upon the QMS and this would initially yielding of results which are not expected.
Organizations also want their documents to be too much detailed as possible and it is evident that this requires a lot of time as well as resources which initially results in more difficult applications of the documentation which put forward a lot of challenges to the quality management system. Besides this, the QMS is too much rigid along with being inflexible which makes it’s very difficult to improve whenever it is needed and for this reason, the results that are to be obtained might not be guaranteed to be good.
The QMS is not enough implicated and communicated. Over time it has been seen that the QMS is only supported by the Quality Managers and for this reason, the employees of the organization often think that QMS is only meant for those who have created it and they think that that there is no requirement of their contribution (Bednall, Sanders & Runhaar, 2014). This makes the QMS face a lot of problems when it needs help from the employees. Implementation of the QMS is done mainly due to the external factors and this would make the success of QMS implementation very hard. The QMS which are delivered as a ready to use system might face problems in case if the QMS is out of sync with the strategy and operations of the organization and this would be make obtaining of the desired results very difficult.
Often it is seen that the companies are focusing upon the quality however are not focusing on customer satisfaction this is a very big challenge for QMS so as to obtain the desired results.
Enhancement of the quality standards and the management systems is possible by making use of the ISO Technical specification that is the ISO/TS 22002-1 which can be used for the purpose of developing the different food related programs. Besides this, the ISO/TS 22002-1 is also associated with outlining the requirements that the programs are having which are applicable to the organization. These requirements which are outlined is accepted on a wide basis which is almost equal to the requirement of the PAS 220 and along with this the specifications which are publically available can be used along with the ISO 22000 for the FSSC 22000 certification. Commitment from the company side relating to the quality is one of the most important way of enhancing the quality standards. Satisfaction of the customers is considered to be the utmost important factor related to the overall growth of the organization, the requirements needs to be known to each and every member of the organization. Besides these employees need to be involved while taking any decision related to quality and this in turn would be associated with bringing a sense of loyalty amongst the employees. The approach towards the management would be associated with the identification, understanding and management of all the system that are interrelated as the process. Quality control would be involving the checking transformation along with the transformation of the resources at all the stages (Prasad, Wirtz & Yu, 2014). Continuous improvement is one of the most important way of improving the quality functions which would be helping in gaining insights about the performance along with leveraging a clear and concise PPM or Process Performance Measures.
The tools utilized to help identify what the quality improvement project is trying to accomplish
Plan-do-check act is one of the most famous quality management tool that be used by the organization Delmon Poultry for the purpose of identifying the quality improvements that the organization wants to accomplish. Plan-Do-Check-Act is also known as he Deming cycle or the Shewhart cycle is the process which generally involves four different steps in order to carry out the changes. This also helps in identification and measuring eth quality as well. The four steps include the planning in which the area of focus is pinpointed like the production area of the poultry and this is followed by the creation of an action plan. After the planning is the Do step, which involves he carrying out of the mall scale tests related to the effectiveness of the changes that are to be made. Once the tests are completed the Checking is done. In this step the results are analyzed and certain actionable insights are obtained from the test. The last step is Act. In this step if any positive outcomes are yielded then the knowledge is to be implemented so as to make wider changes and if the outcome is negative then the cycle needs to be repeated. Various type of small problems related to quality of the food can be tackled by making use of this tool. Additionally, this tool can also be used for the purpose of streamlining of the repetitive work processes, development of new products, process or services. It might also act as a proof-of-concept for the ideas which are large in size. In case if the organization makes use of IIoT systems then the PDCA cycle could be implemented so as to pilot the entire process. This tool is very good for making the planning structures so as to collect and analyze the data which are received from the different type of tests intended for the identification of the issues and their causes. The cyclical style of this tool is appropriate for incorporation of the various small changes into different iterations of the tests which allows great amount of flexibility whenever a new project related to improvement is to be started.
There are 7 basic tools that can be used for the purpose of identifying the improvements in quality. These techniques are generally graphical techniques which have been identified as the most helpful tools that help in troubleshooting a different kind of issues that are related to the quality (Barbé et al., 2017). The seven tools include the check sheet, control chart, stratification, Pareto chart, histogram, cause, and effect diagram and lastly the scatter diagram. Scatter plots are the plot or the mathematical diagram which makes use of the Cartesian coordinates so as to display the values typically for two specific variables for a particular set of data. In the case when the points are color coded then one additional variable can be displayed. The data are generally depicted as a collection of points where each of the value would be consisting of a value of one variable that determines the position of the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable is associated with the determination of the position on the vertical axis (Oakland, 2014). Checksheet is considered to be a form which is used for the purpose of collection of data on a real-time basis at locations where the generation of data occurs. The data that are generated might be quantitative or qualitative.
Control charts also are known as the Shewhart chart or the process-behavior chart is considered to be a statistical process control tool which helps in the determination of the fact that if a manufacturing or the process of the business is under a control state.
FADE model is the model that would be helping in identification of the quality improvement project in the food manufacturing industry. This model generally consists of four major steps and this includes the focus, analysism development and lastly execution and evaluation. The focus is to be put upon the process which are to be improved (Zaharias & Pappas, 2016). In the analysis step the data are collected and analyzed so as to find possible solutions that would be helping in improving teh quality. Once the analysis step is over commed the development phase comes which involves the plans that are required for making improvements, implementing and communicating. Lastly is teh execution and evaluation stage in thich the plans are to be implemented so asto improve teh quality.
The tools are also responsible for the maintenance of high standards for reporting and analytics. The QMS tools would be associated with taking the reporting and analytics to a new level (Grudzie? & Hamrol, 2016). Firstly the reports would be created by making use of the real-time data and secondly, the dashboard reporting would be done dynamically and would be providing multiple views of the data associated with drill-down capabilities.
The tool that would be helping in the identification of the particular change for improvements within the quality management area is the Pareto chart. Pareto chart is the chart which was named after Vilfredo Pareto which consists of bars along with a line graph in which the independent values are generally represented in descending order by means of bars whereas the cumulative total is depicted by the line. In the left vertical axis, the frequency of occurrence is depicted whereas the in an alternate way it is capable of representing the cost or any other units which are important and needs to be measured (Grover, Chopra & Mosher, 2016). In the right vertical axis is the cumulative percentage of a total number of occurrences total cost or the total of the particular unit which is to be measured (Barata, & Cunha, 2017). As the values are seen to be in decreasing order the cumulative function can be considered to be a concave function.
Another tool which would be helping in measuring if a change is an improvement or not is the Kanban. This is the tool that helps in harnessing the power of visual information which amkes use of the stickey notes on a white baord. This stickey notes would be helping in creation of the picture of the work. Another major reason for using this method is that this method is entirely about evolution and not about revolution, which means unlike other methods doesnot force fit change (Zimon, Gajewska, & Bednárová, 2016). This method is associted with hindging the fundemental truth which is „it is not possible to change the quality unless and untill the exact quality is known. This method involves four big ideas which are vizualization of the processes, limiting the work in teh process, focusing upon the flow and lastly continuous improvement.
Kanban would be associated with visualizing the entire system which would in turn is responsible for manaing all the work related to quality improvements through out the entire process. Besides this the tool is also responsible for vizualization of the processes as well as the actual work which passes through that process related to quality improvement (Obeidat et al., 2016). Kanaban would be helpin in identification of the bottlenecks in teh process of quality management process along with fixing them so as to make the work of quality management flow in a smooth manner as well as in a cost effective way at an optimal speed or throughput.
Information related to customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction is considered to be the most effective way of measuring the improvements of the quality management system. Particular methodology needs to be set so as to obtain and use all this information (Kafetzopoulos & Gotzamani, 2014). The intent that this requirement is having includes the ensuring of the fact that the organization is having a system which would be addressing the complaints of the customers and provide general feedback along with making sure that it is effective while addressing the concerns of the customers.
Conclusion
The report helps in concluding to the fact that the tools are responsibe for helping a lot in bringing changes to the area of quality as they are powerful and necessary for the organization. The quality management tools are associated with harnessing the power of automation. The usage of automated Quality management tools helps in collecting and aggregating the data on a real-time basis along with streamlining the process of quality management. Besides this, the QMS tools are associated with providing an automated version control along with a data repository which is central. By this, the organization would be capable of identifying the documents that are updated and the need for hunting for multiple places so as to get a particular piece of information would be decreased. This tools also help in integrating the quality control with the other management processes. Quality management tools are associated with integrating the key data sources with the system in order to make sure that the closed-loop quality process or a feedback loop is developed. This closed loop, in turn, would be associated with facilitating the improvements earlier in the value chain which would be helping in correcting and preventing the quality issues in a continuous manner while driving the cost downwards.
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