Positive implication of Decision Support System
Discuss about the Randomized Pricing Decision Support System.
This research report provides a detailed analysis of the transformation of business to ICT using ethical framework. The purpose of the report is to analyse digital implications of business using ethical framework. The analysis has been performed with real world evidences and facts; thereby, the ICT implications of Telstra Corporation has been considered in the analysis. Telstra is Australia’s leading telecommunication and technology firm which offers a broad range of communication services. The business of Telstra is competing all telecommunication markets. Recently, the organization has shifted its operation to digital mode to enable its team to continuously make changes to enhance customer experience with the help of agile technology. The major purpose of Telstra’s digital adoption is to create an excellent connected future for its stakeholders and people. The digital revolution created a historic wave of change that reshapes customer expectations. However, the digital economy is developed on the data, such as a large set of data, which is being created, collected and shared for which traditional governance frameworks and risks mitigation approaches are not sufficient. The business must have to start considering ethical framework when collecting data, manipulating and using them. This might enable trust and requires attention at each stage of data supply chain. So, this research report helps to learn how Telstra manages its ethical grounds to sustain the digital adoption in business.
The digital business platforms have blurred the boundaries between the technologies and business while Information Technology (IT) has shifted from being a support functions to an important business enabler. According to Bannister and Connolly (2014) such scenario has increased the value of discussion on digital ethics to the forefront. It is particularly identified that many professions have specified ethic code such legal ethics, medical ethics and engineering ethics but in the field o information technology, the ethical codes are less common, and less developed. Nonetheless, I has also identified that the conventional IT functions expanding to include digital business environment, there is a proper need to maintain and develop the digital ethics, particularly when considering the scandals in the press and the public areas. Hence, Abbas, Michael and Michael (2015) mentioned that unintended consequence as well as the amplification of their effects could make the risk intensified. Furthermore, it has also been identified that the ethical framework in digital field is broad as well as it might include state of security, cyber-crime, social interaction and economy at risk.
Analysing the case using one preferred framework for ethical analysis
Ethic remains as an approach or practice of creating a significant choice between right and wrong, which determine how individual should act, instead they do act while the ethics are supposed to gain acceptance from the business community. Bevilacqua et al. (2014) mentored that ethics is not just significant consideration within a business, it might represent a major differentiator in a competitive market where the popularity and the values are highly important just like the products and services. While the ethics is something that all business should embrace properly, the most significant barrier remains at the individual level, which means that organizations do not make decisions, rather the individuals do. Thus, Benford et al. (2015) in their experimental study, mentioned that digital professionals at all and different levels might should determine the appropriateness on the basis of the ethical perspectives. On the other side, Bifulco et al. (2016) mentioned that when the right seem to be achievable, practical or the real world pressure could cause the individual to make decisions that might have a damaging outcome for other. Many business are not properly aware of any such discrepancies and obligations of applying ethics to business. This means that being ethics could eventually refers to having skills and moral courage to challenge or the existing norms and then react in a ethical manner. Thus, Jin and Cho (2015) mentioned that in a digital society what does being ethical mean and how can those individuals in developing and deploying digital services.
“Decision Support System (DSS)” is an information system which is computer-based helping business in their decision-making activities. This remains as an important function in the management where the major decisions are estimated to lead to more useful action, quicker problems solving and better organizational performance.
The scholars have shown that the decreasing decision time cycle could increase productivity as well as more timely information “decision-making” in all sort of DSS.
For all sort of decision support systems, the scholars have demonstrated that the reduced decision time cycle could increase productivity and more timely information decision making. It is also identified that DSS helps to enhance the effectiveness of decision making (Olatokun, and Ojo 2016). Sometimes, business now have identified some particular sort of perceived decision quality instead of keeping objective measures. DSS can enhance communication as well as collaboration among the decision makers in a business; for example, a model driven delivers means for sharing facts and assumption (Hu and Sheng 2014).
The “decision support system” may require investing in information system to gather information from several sources as well as analyse them to create decision making process. However, DSS may the advanced data analysis methods, econometric and suitable information system, thereby, it requires a huge amount of cost to hire the specialists. In addition to this, it is also identified that if Telstra Corporation wishes to implement decision support system, it might have to strengthen the rationale perspective as well as overemphasized decision process as well as decision making techniques, which is hardly achievable by business because each organizational members need to be educated about the larger context of decision making and the emotional factors that have direct impact on the organization. On the other side, Wu, Li, and Da Xu (2014) mentioned that Decision system remains common in an organization that managers or the supervisors use them in appropriately. So, training for haring the potential knowledge to resolve this problem is the solution and designing a training session for this particular purpose is again the question of large investment. Wilson et al. (2014) particularly mentioned that some decision System Support could overload decision makers with the information and moreover it could reduce the decision making effectiveness. However, García-Muñiz and Vicente (2014), also mentioned that mot of such scenarios can be corrected.
As the business is excelling with the use of technology such as IT, business practices must incorporate the ethical behavioural framework that delivers a clear guidance on ethical responsible decision making and behaviours. The current ethical implications of Telstra Corporation indicates that its business makes the commitment of keeping excellence particularly in “corporate governance”, “transparency “accountability and this essentially needed for maintaining long-term performance as well as sustainability of business(Miko and Kamardin 2015). This would help to protect and enhance the interest of the stakeholders and other stakeholders. The organization on a regular basis tends to review its governance arrangements and developments in making practices, regulations. The business complies with the latest edition of “ASX Corporate Governance and Recommendations”. Nonetheless, Telstra requires all individuals in the employees to obese a high standard of personal and business ethics in the conduct of their duties.
Notwithstanding, Ethical Behavioural Framework delivers a clear set of instruction on ethical and responsible decision-making as well as behaviour. It is particularly identified that the organization Telstra undertake and consultative approach to make sure that it is able to identify and respond to key major responsibility issues for Telstra. The business of Telstra tends to review its current as well as emerging sustainability issue that have impact on Telstra and the newly adopted Information and Communication Technology. As the purpose of its digital adoption is about creating brilliant future for all, Telstra’s business values, together with its Telstra Group of Conduct and policy framework and this help to define the standards of behaviours that the business expect. Notwithstanding, Bin-Abbas and Bakry (2014) commented that business of Telstra must focus on the design for privacy, security and integrity, the business should understand that the opportunities to creative innovate and lucrative insights from big data could be significant and likewise, the risk from the perceived unethical behaviour need to be analysed and this must ensure how the data is collected, managed an applied is not just a legal issue, it is rather an ethical issue. In this context, Alreemy (2016) commented that in the digital world, transparency and integrity should be the core values that could guide the professional behaviour. The author has also mentioned that organizations should use the data in responsible and ethical way. This means that not using it in its way is referred as intrusive, manipulative or disrespectful to others. In this context, Anthony and Majid (2016) commented that being transparent means that organizations should state their intensions about the usage of data and permit their customers to deliver the consent.
When it comes to developing governance in Information Technology in Telstra’s digital operation, the business is found to be committed to excellence in corporate governance, transparency and accountability. This is typically required for the long-term performance and sustainability of the business and to enhance the interest of its stakeholders as well as other stakeholders involved. The organization follows the practice of reviewing its governance agreements for reflecting developments in the market practice, expectation and regulations as required (Landaeta Olivo et al. 2016). Particularly, the business of Telstra Corporation complies with the third edition of ASX Corporate Governance Principles. IT governance framework plays a great role in supporting or sustaining business and finally helping business to deliver on its strategy Alreemy et al. (2016). So, it provides the structure through which its strategy as well as business objectives are developed, the performance is monitored and the risks the business are managed. The governance framework provides a clear framework for the decision making a well as the accountability across the business. The business at Telstra receives a proper guidance with the standards of behaviours. IT governance framework for digital adoption and ICT includes the following:
- Proper and timely communication with all stakeholders groups
- Experienced, “independent Board” with people or the board members involved in the business models
- “Decision-making” and clear delegation as well as the accountability framework
- Robust system of “risk management and assurance”
- “Telstra Values Code of Conduct”, policy framework which often defines the standards of behaviour
An essential characteristic of any business is usually the need for its members to abide by a code of ethics. Particularly, for the ACS, this code is developed as the Code of Professional Conduct and it remains as the aspect of business regulations. In the case of Telstra’s business, six different core values or principles are adopted and the following are the core values:
Being a member of an ACS, Telstra Corporation is supposed to uphold and increase the honour, dignity and effectiveness of being a complete business.
According to tis core value, the business of Telstra Corporation places the interest of the public above individuals, business as well as the sectional interest.
The business should strive to improve the quality of life of stakeholders and all parties affected by the operation but the current operation of Telstra implies that the recent adoption of digital framework into business is yet to provide a desired result, which means that the service quality of Telstra’s service yet requires attention
The business must have to be honest in presenting their skills, knowledge, service and products. To maintain the value of honesty, Telstra developed its service transparency policies which is consisting of a broad set of ethical norms.
The business could work completely as well as diligently for the stakeholders. To keep this competency value, Telstra use technology to identify environmental challenges, help suppliers, customers and communities to do the same
Each individual involved in the business should receive appropriate career development opportunity to enhance in their career. At Telstra, each individual, especially, the employees are provided with the long-term career development opportunities such as career pathway for experienced employees, opportunity for internal promotion, etc. Nonetheless, the annual report of 2017 indicates that employee turnover rate has increased by 2.5% due to poor pay structure lacking equality made by HR department of Telstra Corporation (Telstra.com.au 2018).
The business or the organization should understand the use of information technology to acquire competitive benefits. In this context, Alreemy et al. (2016) commented that designing an information system that provides competitive advantages requires at least two things; firstly, it requires an understanding of the business which is required to be addressed. Secondly, it may require knowledge of available technologies in designing a creative solution for the business issue. The following are some of the ICT technologies that are helping or business to gain competitive advantages.
Creative information technology in creative designing: Creative design of Information Technology certainly helps to resolve the business problems in a new and highly effective way. Anthony and Majid (2016) mentioned that the major mistake that all business do is when designing a new information system to provide a design that is usually typical and very similar to what other business are doing. For instance, Bing is known as a search engine which is owned by Microsoft but it is using the same technology used by Google to suggest and index. Notwithstanding, Bing has further added some additional value to its search engine from the highly developed home page which is effective than Google page. In addition, the organization or the business should note being the first adopters of new technology may not always help the business to become a winner but the business that are late adopters can alter and innovate the technology to deliver customer with a better service. Thus, it is worth mentioning that designing or innovating the exiting technology help the business to gain a new insight about the market, which further helps to gain suitable competitive advantages.
Deep learning technologies- (AI): The organizations or the telecommunication business could use Deep Learning technologies to speed up its operation time and control the expense of hiring employees. Telstra has to make large investment for hiring IT employees for its network and traffic data assets to effectively understand subscribers. However, this job can be done with the machine learning technologies as the deep learning technologies have the capability to boost services. On the other side, when it comes to technological benefits, it is identified that regular human interaction networks and services of all kinds may contain unconnected gems of information which discloses how people behave and interact. In addition, this deep learning technologies can be pout to reveal how all information matches the relevant pattern.
LiFi Lights the way: Now the problem related to the lack of radio frequency can be resolved now because the visible light communication or the LiFi is known to provide additional avenue of data the computer (Frishberg 2015). LED can very its intensity faster than human eye can see it; only a photo detector can identify it. This technology can supplement a large amount of data in the form of cat videos and other significant documents. In addition, LiFi also has the advantage that it might not leak through walls, which ensure a fair amount of privacy to the intended users. The processing time for sending or transforming data is less, the users can process a large amount of data in a fraction of second. This technique saves times, efforts and cost. All telecommunication businesses tend to deal with a large set of data requiring time and money. Therefore, the use of LiFi technology contribute to maintaining speedy operation and uninterrupted workflow.
Privacy and hiding bodies in the cloud: Keeping business information in the cloud is nothing unfamiliar but keeping the entire employee network in the cloud is something new. The business with a broad employees and vast flow communication can help business to grow faster. The most advantageous element found in this cloud technology is tightened security and it is free from data leakage, theft and any sort of data breaching (Tong et al. 2014). Without the access enabled by the authorities, it is not possible for any individual to access employee and client information. There could be some scenarios, where the risk or the chance of being hacked or tempered; but this “cloud Hiding” technology keep each element of service free from all such harms or threats.
References
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