Reducing Aggression And Frustration Among Psychiatric Patients

Challenges in Managing Psychiatric Patients’ Aggression and Frustration

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The aggression of the nurses and patient’s frustrations is one of the major and up coming issue within the psychiatric field. Working at NSW mental health high dependency unit of Wagga wagga has not been easy for many nurses.

As a registered nurse Newsouthwale mental health HDU, my primary role is to take care of mentally ill patients or those have induced psychosis issues in the HDU (High dependency Unit). A high percentage of the patients have been admitted through mental heath act under involuntarily program.

The clients are brought in the high dependency unit from the EDs (emergency department) immediately after being examined by the doctor the mental health emergency consultation service (MHECS) or through the directives from the local hospitals. Mostly the clients brought in the HDU are never directed concerning the restrictions within the HDU associated with mental illness, they as well carry personal belongings like clothes, phones and other dangerous objects like metals. In the fact that these patients are never taught concerning these restrictions from the small hospitals or when being examined, this has resulted to physical and verbal aggression experienced within high dependency Unit. Hence my own concern is help in reducing the verbal and physical aggression these mentally ill patients experience.

 The clients at NSW mental health high dependency unit of Wagga wagga feel unfairly treated since they were never taught on the restrictions during the examination processes. Therefore, this is the reason why I decided to carry out the project on implementing the preadmission education to help in reducing the aggression and frustration faced by the patients to bring good results.

Patients’ education is one of the key aspects of an efficient self-management and the monitoring needed for many patients from the emergency department and the small hospitals. Hence this project will equip the patients with a clear information concerning the cigarette smoking regulations at HDU and the provisions of using the NRT if necessary. This may be achieved through,

• Presenting the statement of rights to the patients during Emergency department examinations.
• Communicating clearly concerning the regulations on the mental health high dependency unit admitting and assessing an individual.
• Informing the stakeholders to ensure all these procedures are followed

According to (Siegel, Miller and Jemal, 2018) within the ambulatory health care and inpatient settings, the education provided to the patients has shown significant improvement to the patients’ results. Although it has not been recognized by many medical practitioners, EDs (emergency departments) provides a very vital for the educational intervention. However, the mental health at HDU seems to have undermined the delivering of the healthcare education (Househ, Borycki, and Kushniruk, 2014).

Importance of Patient Education in Psychiatric Healthcare

By offering the patients with education at the emergency department and peripheral small hospital, I hope that there shall be a positive impact on the patients. These overwhelm the doctors at the emergency department MHECS workers ED and the mental health HDU nurses. This project will call for input from all the members that are involved with the patient’s treatment for the success of its implementations. The project is expected to reduce the number of the incidences linked to verbal and physical aggression towards the mental health nurses. Thus, when all the patients are fully empowered through education, it will ease their recovering process (Vadiee, 2012).

The cause of the frustration experienced by the patients can be linked to mental sickness, the social or physical environment of the patient and the relationship of the patients with other people. The frustration of the patients while at mental health high dependency is a field that require more attention. Considering the cause of the frustration, nurses in the mental health HDU apply a variety of the person-centered health care and measures like medication and restrictions to contain the frustration of the patients. According to (Johnson and Kimsey, 2012) such events have no practical way of solving or controlling them hence challenging the capability of the nurses to work effectively. Therefore, the administrators of mental health high dependency unit should focus in empowering the patients in order to promote the productivity and the effectiveness in aggressive and frustrations events

With respect to Kanter’s empowering concept, empowerment can be described as the access of social make up by the employees within their workplace setting that enhances them to complete their work effectively. The findings from a psychiatric wards research indicated that empowerment within an organization was linked to nurses’ work aggression in controlling the situations. The study pointed the necessity of empowering the patients and nurses in order to counter the obstacles that might result to insufficient performance of mental health high dependency nurses. The research results have also proven that incapability of the nurses in implementing the right measures in managing the frustration of the patients is due to inadequate education. Hence educating the nurses and the patients in this case will enhance the confidence, attitude and the knowledge in reducing frustration and aggression (Krill, Staffileno, and Raven, 2012).

This study was designed with the aim of exploring psychiatric nurses’ experiences of the challenges of empowerment in the management of patients’ aggression. Identifying the challenges can help authorities to be aware of deficits, and nurses can have better efficacy in delivering optimal and safe measures. This will have an important subsidiary benefit of reducing the need of staff for containment measures.

Bloom’s Taxonomy in Learning Domains and Patient Education

Emergency departments are today becoming main access spots for the healthcare within a wide range of jurisdictions in which a high percentage of the visits are linked to mental health (Johnson and Kimsey, 2012). To some extent, the presentation to the emergency department due to nonurgent problems is associated with the inability in accessing the primary health care. Hence due to these shifts in utilizing the healthcare, patients’ education and counseling within the emergency departments are highly needed. However, implementing the whole education idea is not simple since it might be faced with some barriers especially with the mental health HDU setting. For instance, overcrowding and the period needed in providing the required information might negatively impact emergency department staffs’ capability in offering the teachings (Lin and Mann, 2012).

 Other individuals believe that educating the patient at prior the emergency department visit may not make an impact or not the right avenue. Although there is another group of individuals that believe the education provides unique teaching moments in which the patient might get motivated and get an excellent time to learn from the health professionals. This has been proven by (Leske, Strodl, and Hou, 2012) in which the author states that in most cases, the education provided to the patients help in moderating the stress. Thus, enhancing the patient’s ability to learn especially if the information is not very complicated. Therefore, looking at all privileges for patient’s education, and the self-management overwhelming the emergency department is very vital in the healthcare surrounding today.

The taxonomy by the Bloom used in learning domains is one of the frameworks employed in the education to recognize the learning domains or outcomes (Claude, Juvenal, and Hawkes, 2012). With regards to Bloom concept, training can be categorized into the three major fields. These domains are the effective, psychomotor and the cognitive. Every area incorporates the levels of raising the mastery (Ray, 2012). The cognitive domain deals with the way of acquiring knowledge. The easy cognitive aims can be gauged by evaluating the understanding, comprehension or recalling while the problematic goals can be measured by the ability to apply the acquired knowledge. The valid domain overwhelms the internalization of the attitudes, values and the beliefs. The field can as well as incorporate the willingness in hearing the teachings and taking part in the learning process. The most complex goal in the effective requires the person participating in the new belief or the value. Lastly, the psychomotor learning domain demands the mastery of the skills (Sweet and Wilson, 2011). All the three learning domains range from imitating the demonstrations or mastering the technique automatically. The author has used the Bloom’s method in identifying the optimal learning procedures for every level of the three learning domains (Jucks, Paus and Bromme, 2012).

Barriers to Implementing Patient Education in Emergency Departments

However, the Bloom framework was established to utilize it within the evaluation and the designing of the education within the classrooms. The structure set up was not to be used within the healthcare set up although some of the procedures proposed can be very vital to the implementation of education prior EDs. The only difficulty is providing optimal learning with the available period and the resources (Epstein, 2013).

It’s undeniable that today, many health institutions like mental health at HDU have not yet discovered the effectiveness in offering education within the emergency departments. A review conducted in the year 2000 on patient’s culture within the emergency department, indicated that teachings are fundamental to issues linked to Psychiatric and trauma conditions (Lam and Leat, 2013). It was discovered that very few medical practitioners focused on the education conducted exclusively within the emergency departments. The researchers showed that the training performed with the intervention and continued after the discharge improved the outcome of the patients (Van Wilgen and Keizer, 2012).

There might be differences between the emergency department and other acute healthcare setups, but there are other main distinguishing factors that can influence the effectiveness of education like the available resources, time and patients’ anxiety (Janssen and Lagro-Janssen, 2012). The education and counseling program could be an ideal idea, but the other challenge could be encouraging the patients on the importance of attending the education and counseling sessions. A research conducted to examine asthma education plan showed that out of 164 potential participants, only 31 percent were present for the program. It is, therefore, important to comprehend what can be delivered in a reasonable way within the Emergency Department and consider the patient’s education and that should be provided prior the emergency department visit (Lam and Leat, 2013).

The stakeholders in this project implementation will be the following

The ED nurses will be assisting in therapies and medication in order to help the patients to master the mental sickness. The right nurses take their time in explaining the diagnosis to the families and the patient. Concerning determination, the patients’ education will major on the meaning of the diagnosis to the patients. According to (Sawatzky and Enns, 2012) the first stage of the treatment is accessing the patient’s knowledge of his or her condition. Mostly, the patients will be required to adjust to the new long-term or the short-term transformations. Therefore, the central role of nurses, in this case, will be to answer the questions of how the medical condition developed and how it affects the patient (Suárez, Asenjo, and Sánchez, 2017).

Mental doctors play a crucial role in treating the mentally ill patients in the psychiatric hospitals hence they can help in minimizing the healthcare cost according to the recent research. The psychiatrist will be required to diagnose the mental illness. However, the psychiatrist must utilize the skills in making the final decisions legal problems arise when ethics are not followed properly. (Crilly, Chaboyer and Creedy, 2004).

In the mental health emergency department rooms, the HDU nurses will act as the educators and the advisors. They will as work together with the mentally ill patients and doctors since the emergency room some empathy and compassion in the care for the patients. Their leading role will assist in calming down and listening to the questions asked by the patients. They will as well help in translating complicated medical jargons from the physicians concerning the patient’s diagnosis and the treatment into layman’s language. After and before the discharge the HDU nurses can be consulted by the family members concerning the further care and the treatment. These nurses will as well prepare the charts which will direct the patient on what to and not to while in the ward. For instance, why they should not smoke or walk out while in their respective departments.

The mental health workers like MHECS worker will work together with other members of the staff in identifying the problems that are facing the patients. MHECS worker will as well the strategies in meeting the needs of the patients.

Empowering the patients is a movement that was started the long time ago in the year 1970 with the aim of advocating the right of the patients and the family members. The principal goal of the empowerment was to educate the patients by establishing their capacity to become partners in their self-management care and involve them in making decisions concerning their health. This empowerment can only be achieved through the support and training. Some options can be used in implementing the patient empowerment for this project. The options depend on the uniqueness and the perspective other than the methods of training. These options include multimedia, the information sheet, IT (information technology) and the skills building like self-management programs.

For the case of mental health at HDU project, the option to be employed is the skill building which will major on self-management program. Some researchers have shown that many patients involved in their own clinical decision making and self-management have better results compared to not in the decision making. The medical practitioners’ perceptions on the patient empowerment are as well positive in the fact that it helps the patient in recovering faster and enables patient’s satisfaction. This project will, therefore, ensure there is the good relationship between the medical staff hence will speed up the diagnosis and ease the negotiation treatment options. The medical practitioners will be required to submit the needs for controlling and involving the patients in making the health care decisions. For instance, why, the patient should quit or reduce the rate of smoking while in the ward or outside the ward. In this implementation project plan, in case of treatment failure, it’s the responsibility of patients and not nurses (C., S.M., and M., 2015).

The first step will involve preparing and enlisting the patients. This will include the recruitment and make the family member advisors. It will as well call for support for the family and the patient’s engagement through the initiatives across the organization.

Secondly, mobilize the members of the staff in involving the patients. This will help the patients in influencing the decisions, policies and the workflow. The members of the crew must adhere to the patient’s input, establish a good link with the patient and the patient’s family members and acknowledge their experiences. Members of staff will be required to be open to revising their current methods of making decisions. This will incorporate the use of the published toolkits in giving the guidance to provide the right support while engaging the patients. Enabling an engagement environment will empower and motivate the patients and the staff in working together in developing the rights practices in medical health at HDU.

Thirdly, I will ensure the strategic and leadership support focus. Empowering the staff and the patients in working in various methods call for a very corporative leadership. The team helps significantly in transforming the culture of a health organization, articulate and improving the standards of the patients. The administration establishes accountability and expectation of other leaders in partnering with the patients allowing them to take part not only in making the decisions but also in other issues within the healthcare Centre.

Lastly, I will make sure all the stakeholders have the necessary resources to conduct the education and other engagement events.

 Evaluation

The expected outcome in this project is to reduce the number of the events of physical and verbal aggression towards the mental health nurses. The aggression is experienced when the nurses try to get rid of cigarettes and the lighter overwhelming the restricted belongings when the patients are arriving in the ward. This will increase the speed of the patient to recovery and reduce treatment complications as well. The medical practitioners will submit the needs for controlling and involving the patients in making the health care decisions. The patients will quit and reduce the rate of smoking while in the ward or outside the ward.

References

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