Research Proposal On Child Vaccination: Importance, Impacts, And Issues

Background Literature

Describe about the Research Proposal on Child Vaccination.

In this identified comprehensive research proposal, evaluation of childhood vaccination and the role of the same has been defined as the health of the children through the globe. Through child vaccination process, routine health services have been aimed to prevent diseases targeting children of a wide age range. Previous studies have been conducted to identify complications and risks associated with the childhood vaccination. Predominantly, research was showed that some of the vaccines may affect the development of children and may cause Neurometabolic disorders in infants. Moreover, identifying the risk of vaccination is not enough to deal with the situation.

Currently, child vaccination process of the global stage includes DPT vaccine, MMR vaccine, Hepatitis B vaccine, Rubeola vaccine, Polio vaccine, Rotavirus vaccine and some other paediatric immunisation vaccine, to be precise (Hall, 2014). The role of the vaccines among the children has been one of the most controversial and ethical issues to be predicted. As new studies have identified the risks of childhood vaccinations such as brain damage, central nervous system (CNS) disorder, autoimmunity, autism spectrum disarray, and demyelination issues, the entire children’s vaccination process may have been ethically questionable (Johnson, 2015). Though there are negative points attached to the overall procedure of childhood vaccination, precise vaccination programme can be identified as significantly advantageous to eradicate diseases such as Polio from the developing countries (Hesse & Rauscher, 2016).

In order to show the role of childhood vaccination, a wide range of research was conducted by the formerly research analysts. In order to clarify the doubts of MMR vaccination and autism cases, significant research was conducted. Previously, parents of the infants have doubted the role of MMR vaccine in preventing disease (Himnan, 2013). On the basis of the theory of the MMR vaccine directly caused autism among the children was proved entirely wrong throughout research studies conducted on a bunch of infants in the past. In a research study conducted in the United States, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention can be shown that there is no link between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism. During the research, out of the 140,887 infants born between 1991 and 1996 were examined and only 200 of them were diagnosed with autistic disorder, though each of the identified children was given thimerosal-containing vaccines (Etzel & Howard, 2016).    

Previous studies on the subject of childhood vaccination also clarified the role of vaccinations strategies within the developing countries to eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases. During the period of 1999, USAID funded $8 million to the Child Survival Collaborations and Resources (CORE) Group to improve polio immunisation health and surveillance programme directed towards US based PVOs including India, Nepal and Ethiopia (Reading, 2014). The strategy was massively successful in interrupting transmission of polio disease through the routine immunisation and vaccination activities. Moreover, studies on the topic include coordination and prevention of duplication of the vaccines (Luque, Pérez-Moreno, Robles, & Rodriguez, 2016). Strategic directions of the PVOs and NGOs have been identified as the most effective measures to prevent issues regarding manipulation and duplication of the vaccination process. Decisively, due to such eventful moves towards polio eradication have created meaningful outcomes in the developing countries declining the rate of polio among infants (Reading, 2014).

Aim and Research Questions

The primary aim of the research is to understand the importance of child vaccination and present its impacts on the health of the community in the developing countries (Arthur, 2012). Hence, the objective of the study is to conduct a controversial research in order to understand the positive and negative aspects of child vaccination. The primary question that will be used to conduct the research is presented herein below:

What is the importance of child vaccination and how does it helps in improving the health of the community in the developing countries?

In order to support the primary research, the secondary research questions are presented herein below:

How can child vaccination be improved in the developing countries?

What are the side effects of child vaccination?

How to spread the message of child vaccination and attract parents to vaccinate their children?

Type of study

The study is a type of practical research that will be conducted using the qualitative and quantitative research methods by conducting surveys, interviews and observations. It is a type of descriptive research that has been conducted to answer the problems related to vaccination in the developing community (Creswell, 2014). Hence, the primary aim of the study is to add information in a particular field of study to spread awareness.

It is important to note that it is not possible to consider a huge population while conducting a research. Hence a sampling technique must be decided to choose the participants for collecting data. It has been decided to use a random sampling technique to collect information from the medical professionals in the form of a survey (Creswell, 2014). The data will be collected from 50 medical professionals working in government as well as private healthcare organisations. On the other hand, a purposive sampling technique will be used to choose prior literatures on the particular field of study to conduct the literature review.

Both primary and secondary data collection methods will be used in the study to collect data. The primary data collection method will be used to collect data from the medical professionals in the form of a survey and direct interview (Thompson, 2012). On the other hand, the secondary data will be collected from books, articles, journals, government reports that are available from printed as well as online sources.

Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods will be used to conduct the research. The qualitative analysis will be used to present the observations in a thematic manner. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis will be used to conduct statistical calculations in the form of descriptive analysis, ANOVA test and more to present the viability of the hypothesis statements (Creswell, 2014).

Study Design

There are several limitations of the study. The first limitation is faced regarding the collection of primary data (Thompson, 2012). Medical professionals are quite busy with their daily work and finding a free time to conduct the survey becomes a major limitation of the study. On the other hand, it is important to complete the study in a given time period that acts as another limitation of the study. Hence, proper planning is required to conduct the primary data collection processes.

The key costs that must be considered while conducting the research are the cost of collecting data and analysing them. There is a need of paper work for conducting the survey and software is required for conducting the statistical analysis. The budget of the study is presented herein below:

The limitation of time is the primary constraint of a research study. The timeline of the research has been presented as a Gantt chart for further consideration.

As the study will include sensitive data and information regarding issues with children, the entire procedure must be handled in an efficient way showing respect towards the participants. Moreover, in order to identify the role of vaccination in the infants, study questions must be designed accordingly following the ethical concepts. Furthermore, if the participants do not want to disclose their identity, significant standards must be maintained to fulfil their requirement (Appleyard, 2016). Precisely, during the research study and data collection, government data and resources may have to be taken into consideration. Therefore, the privacy of data and information must be kept secure to avoid potential legal risks.

Research Findings

The comprehensive research study will identify the role of childhood vaccination in protecting the health of infants from significant diseases. Also, the strategy utilised during the vaccination programmes can be identified throughout the research study. Moreover, the study of background literature may clearout some of the ethical factors to be disclosed to the rest of the scientific community. Invariably, some cases may show the adverse impact of vaccination to the heath of the infants (Appleyard, 2016). Through the study, the research outcome can clearly show that autism is not directly linked to MMR or thimerosal-containing vaccines. Also, the role of polio eradicates programme in many developing countries can be demonstrated as a supportive argument to present the usefulness of vaccination in infants.  

The findings of the study will be presented in a report format that will be written in a descriptive manner answering the research questions thematically. The research report will be submitted to the University for the Approval of the official authorities and finally uploaded over the University library for further communication (Thompson, 2012). The results of the study will be presented in the form of graphs and tables to make it easier for the readers to understand the findings of the study. In addition to that, the influential drivers of the research study must be presented in an efficient way to make the readers more concerned towards child vaccination.

References

Appleyard, J. (2016). Risks and benefits of research on children: developing an ethical framework to meet children’s needs. Clinical Risk, 14(6), 215-217. https://dx.doi.org/10.1258/cr.2008.080080

Arthur, J. (2012). Research methods and methodologies in education. London: Sage publications.

Creswell, J. (2014). Research design. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.

Etzel, R. & Howard, S. (2016). Renewing the Federal Commitment to Advance Children’s Health: The President’s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children. EHP, 124(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1511016

Hall, A. (2014). Vaccination and child mortality. The Lancet, 364(9452), 2156-2157. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17604-6

Hesse, C. & Rauscher, E. (2016). The Relationship Between Family Communication Patterns and Child Vaccination Intentions. Communication Research Reports, 33(1), 61-67. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2015.1117444

Himnan, A. (2013). Children, Vaccines, and Risks. Journal Of Children’s Health, 1(3), 309-321. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15417060390254265

Johnson, D. (2015). Consequences of non-neurological injury in children. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 10(2), 95-96. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518420701318692

Luque, M., Pérez-Moreno, S., Robles, J., & Rodriguez, B. (2016). Measuring Child and Maternal Health in Developing Countries: A Proposal of New Hybrid MDG Composite Indices. Applied Research In Quality Of Life. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9487-2

Reading, R. (2014). Risk of intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccination. Child: Care, Health And Development, 40(3), 453-454. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cch.12138_2

Reading, R. (2014). Timely versus delayed early childhood vaccination and seizures. Child: Care, Health And Development, 40(5), 756-757. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cch.12179_4

Thompson, S. (2012). Sampling. New York: Wiley.

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