Roles Of Managers In The Enactment Of Change Management In The ATC System

Research Hypothesis

This research paper is basically aimed at the evaluation of the roles of the managers in the enactment of the change management in the ATC system. This can be basically done via jotting out the questions as well as answers regarding the safety of the passengers in the aircraft (Heil, 2017).  This research is anticipated to revise and gives the way on how the managers help to implement the changes in the aviation industry. These changes are very vital since they help in ensuring there is the safety of the passengers in the aircraft. The safety of the passengers in the aircraft is very important since the aviation is the largest means of transportation and it rapidly running on the way of increasing (McGee, 2015). Air traffic control essentially contains three major types of controllers; these controllers include the following;

1. Tower controllers

These controllers help in managing, directing and controlling the movement of vehicles on the runways and the taxiways.  This movement helps in avoiding the collision which may occur between the aircraft and the vehicles.

1. Approach and departure controllers

These controllers help in controlling by ensuring that planes moving within an airport´s airspace keeps minimum safety separation.

• Routers controllers

These controllers monitor the movement of the aircraft once they leave the aircraft´s airspace. They check the movement of the aircraft while they are in the air until they land again.

There are currently so many expansions in technology and they are still expected on the increase in the usage of the air transport. This will require more control of the aircraft´s operation to enable smooth operation of the aviation industry (Garrison, 2014).  The researchers seek to prove the following hypothesis;  

Hypothesis 1: Does human factors tool affect the Air Traffic Controllers work performance and by what percentage do they affect the Air Traffic Control system.

Hypothesis 2: safety culture is one of the main origins of major/minor occurrences in the Aircraft.

 Hypothesis 3: Increasing tra?c volumes with bound possessions has made peak obstruction at speci?c areas and times in several regions.

In this part of the research the theoretical rationale behind the human factors performance in the aircraft control, a collection of data, research limitation as well as the portfolio will be addressed (Smith, 2012).  The chapter commenced by identifying the rationale behind the improvement in the sector of Human Factors which help in the reduction of the risk of the passengers in the aircraft.  This probably shows the duties of executives in executing change in management in the ATC in the aviation industry (Hopkin, 2012).  The portfolios employed in this research will be introduced and the importance of the controllers of the aircraft will be discussed. Later the limitation of this research will be given in this research where there is the anticipation of increasing air traffic in the next 15 years due to the fast growth of the air transportation. Every decision in the research of the methodology in controlling the air traffic through the use of the managers in the aviation industry.

Methods and data

The main data collection instruments that will be used in this research will be surveys and questionnaire schedule. The questionnaire will be used because it will give the respondents adequate time to respond and it is confidential. A pilot study will be used to test the validity of collection instruments especially interview and questionnaire, later after two weeks, the test-retest method was used whereby the questionnaire filled were collected then administered again to the same group

A standard method will be used in data analysis for example coding involving searching for themes and patterns (Alpha, 2017, p. 13). During the research, the approaches, processes, and confidentiality will be taken into consideration. (Valentic, 2017, p. 128). This research paper will be based on interview from 31 workers, senior managers and non-management employees. The table below shows the method used for data collection.

The quantitative approach will be used in analysing data and the quantitative data from the questionnaire will be coded and entered into a computer for computation of descriptive statistics. The quantitative data will be presented in form of table based on major research questions.      

The research will be conducted to prove if some human factor can actually affect the Air Traffic Control system.  Some of these factors will include stress, boredom as well as other factors like workload and awareness (Ballinger, 2015).  Through the interview, the results will be used to find out if these factors have serious issues in the present Air Traffic Control system and if anticipated to be more serious in future due to expected growth in the aviation industry (Administration, 2012). A report conducted in 2009 by Yeh and Chang also jotted that stress faced by these controllers due to an ineffective interface that can result in ineffectiveness in Air Traffic Controllers. Another report also suggested that increasing tra?c volumes with obligated assets made peak obstacle at particular regions and times in several zones of the world (Smolensky, 2012).

Essentially, another investigate has noted down the imperfections with respect to the human intuitive with program, equipment and working environment (Nordlund, 2011). These inquiries about group expressed that unused investigate on a connection between man execution interfacing of the framework and information collected from Air Traffic Controllers recommended that firm has more critical part than a person impacts on how controllers communicate with a computer program, equipment and the situation of Air Traffic Controllers Framework  (Leng, 2009).

The research on the relationship amid man execution interfacing of the framework and information collected from Air Activity Controllers focuses out the crucial part of the director in the human interfacing of discussing activity controller framework, appears limelight on inner and outside alter administration framework (United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, 2015). The research about recommends planning way better sound-related alarms for Air Activity Controllers to upgrade the situational mindfulness of controllers. This sound-related alarm permits controllers to recognize the basic occasion permits managers to sort out a fitting arrangement for the particular matter.

Data Collection and analysis

In the event of any air activity framework either it’s viable, military or private; communication amid Air Traffic Controller and airplane pilot continuously plays the key part ((U.S.), 2012). Communication in aeronautics continuously has the beat need because it is the trade of profitable data between two shared dependence sharing important data. Communication must be exact and clear so that the requested assignments works immaculately. Most of the dangerous episodes happen due to miscommunication and translation. Being the foremost vital portion of flying security, it is still happening due to personal fear of representative with the superiors (manager). It is accepted that in the event that directors don’t disregard the Human Figure and suggest it amid the contracting prepare of Air Activity Controllers, the occurrence with respect to Air Traffic Controls will go down to a given degree.

Directors are the pioneers of a firm, who can result to change administration additionally play a critical part in successful security supervision. To results to an alteration in an organization boss and chief may be the greatest supporter of it but at the same time are moreover the most prominent rival of it. Supervisors are next to their representatives in nearly every organization (Dept, 2011). Their motivation and support towards an unused alter play an important part in the attitude of the workers. At some point amid the change prepare, the manager’s work and the situation can be influenced.

There are a few parts of directors amid the execution of alter administration can be watched. Among them; supporter, communicators, coach, arbiters and directors of the opposition are the foremost successful and imperative (Company, 2011). The representatives of any organization need to induce data around changes and their consequence on the activity. In every organization, supervisors are in the position to give answers to workers and make the total group prepared for the alter administration. Workers will have parts of interest with respect to the impacts due to altering administration, aids which are accomplished during the change and need for the change. The group of change administration is capable to permit the choice to get the pined for data by their workers.

Change administration can maintain in a firm in the case and as it were in the event that directors are strong to the change, as the representatives will have the same conduct towards alter. Preparing the representative may be a huge portion of change management and supervisors (Nolan, 2010). It some of the time gets to be boisterous particularly when the change influences the everyday exercises. In this case, supervisors ought to motivate and appear an eagerness to take an interest within the alter handle. Keeping up the interpersonal relationship with representative supervisors ought to be able to kill obstructions that avoid the change prepare. Moving on to the arbiter part, chief and worker must have the great flow of information.

Supervisors and managers ought to give data disciple and bad habit. The final but not the slightest part of the director in the resistance of the manager. In an organization, no one is close to its representative that stands up to alter than their inline supervisor. In directors, safe part; recognizable proof of resistance, its shape, and the happening source is exceptionally vital. Which ought to be taken after up by prompt activity that’s appropriate for the given circumstance (Subcommittee, 2012). In effectively executing alter administration each part of an organization should play the specified part. Diverse level of supervisors in a firm has distinctive activities to perform.

Higher level supervisors are the official of an organization by which the command chains streams. Best managers’ ability to include the full group for the change acts as the spine for change administration. The entire group ought to feel as a portion of change administration. Interaction with the lower directors, making arrangements like fulfilling worker who plays an imperative part for alter administration, including all shareholders and staffs for distinctive workshops, empowering and supporting for imaginative thoughts are a few of the finest characteristics of a high-level director who promises for the change in management.

The main data collection instruments that will be used in this research.

The questionnaire will be used because it will give the respondents adequate time to respond and it is confidential. A pilot study will be used to test the validity of collection instruments especially interview and questionnaire, later, the test-retest method was used whereby the questionnaire filled were collected then administered again to the same group

A standard method will be used in data analysis for example coding involving searching for themes and patterns (Alpha, 2017, p. 13). Four stages will be used according to phenomenological analysis and this will include;

1. Going through the paper to acquire a sense of the entire work.
2. Reading the similar explanations without a hurry and recognize meaning representing diverse healthy and safety challenges in the industry.
3. Abstracting the meanings within each of the coded groups.
4. Summarizing the content of each code group to generalize

During the research, the approaches, processes, and confidentiality will be taken into consideration. (Valentic, 2017, p. 128).  

The quantitative approach will be used in analysing data and the quantitative data from the questionnaire will be coded and entered into a computer for computation of descriptive statistics. The quantitative data will be presented in form of table based on major research questions.   

In interview, the information will be obtained through inquiry and recorded by enumerators. Structured interviews will be performed by using survey forms whereas open interviews will involve taking notes while talking to the respondents. The notes will be structured or interpreted for further analysis. The structured interview will be conducted by a well-designed form already established.

For the purpose of this research, we will focus on examining the role of the managers in the implementation of the management changes in the ATC system. In spite of the improvements in this topic of research. There is still a necessity to examine on multifactor which are allies with the operation specifically within ACS. Some studies done in this chapter have closely focused on the managerial duties and their enactment of change management in the ATC System.  Since safety comes first in the aviation industry, it is hence very important to recognize some loopholes in the Air Traffic Control system and mitigate the problem and errors before they occur.  In several working environments, people have to be kept up on and on a rectify learning, related to the state of the particular nature or structure from one viewpoint, and to the works out, wants, and information of their accomplices conversely. The stream of data and communications interior a complex framework like ATC system impels the work productivity of administrators to a better level (Ison, 2012).

Vis-à-vis the gaps in the literature, the research subject will fill the gaps part of duties played by executives to implement management change in the Air Traffic Control system and concerning security as the key slogan, directing and implementing the safety culture by management change in ATC System. A dire workplace such as Air Traffic Control, there is a necessity of a consistent basis that groups the ground guidelines for managers and staffs to stand extensively so as to denigrate and optimize the concerns about Air Traffic Control systems. Some of the Research questions in here would be: how can the management change efficiently in the Air Traffic Control system be implemented? What are the key duties which the manager plays in inspiring workers for a good fathoming of the necessity of management change and how can flight occurrences about Air Traffic Control system be minimized?

 This research will suffer from some limitations, the research will not be that perfect, some of the limitation which the research will encounter includes; the research will not involve several managerial groups for the interview. The research will only engage two managerial group as discussed above.  The more the group engages in the interview the more the conclusive and reliable result.  The research will also focus only on three controllers in the aviation industry but it would have subdivided the controllers to have several controllers. With the so many controllers, it will be very easy to ensure that the whole operation of the aircraft is monitored properly and also help in boosting the safety of the passengers and the aircraft during the operation (Oster, 2017).

The research as well was not based on several hypotheses; the hypothesis was just limited to three hypotheses.  It is advisable to have as relatively more hypothesis to enable the research to give a highly convincing outcome.  The research paper had very few questions, it only gave two questions but it ought to have given several questions for the research paper.   Finally, the research paper was addressed for a relatively shorter period of time. The research projects a double increase of the Air Traffic within a period of fifteen years. The research did not clearly indicate the time when these fifteen years were starting, it did not as well give the numerical increase of the number which will double within that period of time.

Conclusion 

In conclusion the information gap and investigation questions were addressed by this research paper additionally was capable to present my topic and the overall setting of my research paper. At long last, there’s a requirement to alter administration within the Air Traffic Controller framework and supervisors have a more prominent part in actualizing and upgrading the change in ATC system. The research hypothesis was proved in this research paper, from the hypothesis one it was concluded that human factors like stress highly affect the operation of the Air Traffic Control System.

 It was found that 80-90% of accidents and incidents in aircraft were due to the human factor. The second hypothesis, it was concluded that safety culture is one of the major cause of the accidents and incidents in the aviation industry. Researchers also jotted out the negligence of the manager towards safety culture as the main part in the incidence of major and minor occurrences. From the above, there was several methods employed in data collection, such includes the questionnaire, interview among others.  There are some vital air traffic controllers who aids in the smooth movement of the airplane, such controllers includes tower controllers, routers controllers and approach and departure controllers.  The data collected were also very sufficient to enable doing a perfect conclusion about the air traffic controllers. From the analysis above it was found that among the managers, three women were interviewed while five men were questioned. Among the staff, five men were questioned and one female was interviewed as seen above.

References

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Administration, U. S. (2012). Operation of the air traffic control system (Vol. III). Stoke: Springer.

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Garrison, P. (2014). How the Air Traffic Control System Works (Vol. I). Hull: TAB Books.

Heil, M. (2017). Staffing the ATM System: The Selection of Air Traffic Controllers. Chicago: Taylor & Francis.

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McGee, J. (2015). The Future of Air Traffic Control: Human Operators and Automation. Leicester: National Academies Press.

Nolan, M. (2010). Fundamentals of Air Traffic Control (Vol. VI). Sydney: Cengage Learning.

Nordlund, W. (2011). Silent Skies: The Air Traffic Controllers’ Strike (Vol. VI). DIANE Publishing: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Oster, C. (2017). Managing the Skies: Public Policy, Organization, and Financing of Air Traffic Management (Vol. II). Sydney: Taylor & Francis.

Smith, M. (2012). Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control (Vol. II). Hawaii: Springer Science & Business Media.

Smolensky, M. (2012). Human factors in air traffic control (Vol. IV). London: Academic Press.

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The United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, S. a. (2015). Status of air traffic control system: hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Commerce (Vol. I). Leicester: U.S. G.P.O.

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