SBM1201 Project Scope, Time, And Cost Management

Initiation Phase

The activity list of Drive through Super market consists of four phases:

(a) Initiation Phase:

The initiation phase consists of the following activities:

• Business Analysis – The business analysis phase consists of orientation of business, identifying business objectives, define scope of project, formulate business analysis plan, define the requirements of the project, support technical implementation, help the business implement the solution and Assess value created by the solution.
• Market Analysis – The market analysis of any construction project consists of researching the market, researching published statistics, researching data like government data, annual reports, press releases and in-house databases. It also includes discussion of the findings with experts in the sector like contractors, manufacturers, trade bodies, distributors and consultants. Meeting with suppliers and customers is another milestone for market analysis. Lastly, market analysis consists of forecasting models.
• Land finding – Land finding is the process by which the project undertakers search for land that will be suitable for the project. Land finding takes into consideration the scope of the project, the effect that the project will have on people.
• Negotiation on land acquisition – The land that will be acquired for project will have to undergo various government policies and regulations before the land is totally transferred for the project.
• Analyzing market target – The market target will be analyzed by considering the targets of various other similar construction projects.
• Scope identification – The scope of the project needs to be identified before the start of the project.

(b) Planning phase:

The planning phase consists of the following activities:

• Objectives – The objectives of the project are to fulfill the demands of the customers to drive through the market and buying products from the super market, to fulfill the needs and requirements of the customers and to aim at reducing the time of buying products from the super market.
• Scope – The scope of the project is to meet the objectives of the project and fulfill the needs of the customers.
• Resources – Determination of requirements of the project is necessary to initiate it properly. For example in this projects some of the resources are business analyst, civil engineers, project managers, project heads, electrical engineers and so on.  
• Budget – Identifying the cost should be done before the start of the project. This will give an idea to the project managers and the project heads about the total money that is needed to invest in the project.
• Timeline – Timeline of the project is related to the Work breakdown structure. This involves setting milestones for the project. This is significantly efficient for the smooth working of the project and fast completion.
• Contractors – Contractors are one of the important stakeholders of any construction project. He is the one who is responsible for providing all the necessary materials and labors as well as the required services that should be provided for the construction project. The main contractors hires subcontractors that assists the contractors in the completion of the project.
• Donors – Donors are the important stakeholders that make investments for a costly project. Starting of construction is not possible without proper funds. Therefore, huge amount of money needs to be raised before the start of the project and the donors help in raising the required funds.
• Contingency plan – Contingency plans are enacted to compensate the risks identified during risk assessment. In other words, they are the mitigation plans that are implemented to cope with project risks.
• Project draft – Project draft helps to write the life cycle of the project in the form of a rough draft. This involves preparing a work breakdown structure, making a list of deliverables that the project is required to meet, setting the timeline of the project and preparing a table that will identify the budget of the project.
• Draft approval – The draft that is prepared in the above step needs to be approved before the start of the project. The project manager, project heads, contractors and the landowners will approve the draft. Landowners are regarded as one of the stakeholders. With the approval of the project draft, the project can be initialized.

(c) Execution phase:

The execution phase consists of a number of subtasks. The execution phase is initiated by land approvals followed by the following activities:

• Site planning

1. Engineering designs – This involves designing the construction plan. Designing the construction plan will help to promote the quality of the project. This will involve actions of the civil engineers and will help to gain architectural knowledge of the design.
2. Engineering resources – Engineering resources describes the materials that are required to construct the project. Resources also involves engineers, business analysts, managers and other stakeholders that are directly or indirectly affected by the project.
3. Construction materials – Construction materials are identified in initiation phase and in the execution phase, construction materials like bricks and cements, iron rods and others are bought for starting construction.
4. Resource transportation – Resource transportation is defined as the transfer of construction materials from manufactures to contractors. The contractors supplies the raw materials to the labors.
5. Safety measures – In execution process, safety issues of the labors needs to be considered.
6. Stakeholder assigning – Different actions of the project are assigned to various stakeholders. For example, the project managers are assigned to supervise the project, designing the architecture is assigned to engineers and so on.
7. Informing stakeholders to execute project – After collecting the required materials and assigning tasks to various stakeholders, the stakeholders are informed to start the execution of the project.

• Warehouse management

1. Stock requirement analysis – Warehouses are the storing places of raw materials so that shortage of project does not occur. Analysis of stock needs to be done to avoid material shortage. Warehouse also stores products that are for sale in the super market. Warehouse keeper is appointed to look into this matter. When the stock of materials is about to exhaust, he informs the warehouse manager about it. Extra materials are bought beforehand to avoid any delay in project.  
2. Establishment of the pathways – The pathways of a construction project determines the whole path from the initiation of the project, including engineering design to managing the warehouse.
3. Establishing conveyors – Conveyors help to convey materials from the warehouse to actual construction site. They might consist of human labors or conveyor belts.
4. Engineering modification – Engineering modification is the modification that is required in architectural plan. This might include change in materials required as well as the change the tasks assigned to the stakeholders. Modifications are made to improve the quality of the project. With this process, warehouse management comes to an end.  

• Drive through

1. Designing pathways for vehicles – The drive through super market project requires for designing pathways inside the market such that cars can drive in and the customers can buy products without actually getting down the car. Therefore, a pathway should be designed to for the vehicles.
2. Establishing conveyors platform – Conveyors platform are established so that the products can be displayed to the customers.
3. Managing the warehouse and conveyors – The conveyors and the warehouse needs to be managed so that there will be no shortage of materials and the customers will get the products that they demand. The drive through process is completed.

• Retail stores functioning

1. Storing stocks – The products that the super market will deliver to the customers are stored and stocked such that customers get the products every time they want to buy the product.
2. Preparation of stocks transfer from warehouse to conveyors – Stocks need to be transferred from warehouse to conveyors. This can be done by appointing a separate team who will carry the products from warehouse to conveyor. Another way of stock transfer is through conveyor belt however, this process will be costly. Setting of the conveyor belt demands for continuous maintenance.
3. Developing order system – Order system involves placing order by a particular customer and processing cost of the product.
4. Developing billing system – Billing system is the process by which the processed cost of the product is handed to the customer. In other words, the bill of the products are given to the customers and the customers pay necessary amount.

• Electrical and Construction activities

1. Preparing power supply connections – Power supply is necessary for functioning of the conveyor, maintenance of warehouse and so on. Therefore, power supply connections should be prepared properly to provide continuous power supply to them.
2. Establishing motors and electrical components – Motors will be required to run the conveyor belt and other electrical components will be required to light the warehouse as well the pathway to the super market.
3. Assigning separate team for functioning of the components – Separate teams should be assigned different functions of the components so that they can divide the work among stakeholders and the responsibilities are not on a single person.
4. Assigning technicians and human resources – Technicians and human resources should be assigned for maintenance of motors and the electrical components that are required for the project.

(d) Project closure phase:

It is the last phase of the project and consists of the following activities:

• Project Documentation – After completion of other phases of the project, it should be documented.
• Learnings gained – At the closure of the project, the knowledge and the learnings gained from the processes should be noted. This will help to deal with future projects correctly.
• Stakeholders releasing – The stakeholders like laborers, hired civil and electrical engineers should be released by paying the correct amount that they deserve. This is an important part before the closure of the project.
• Resource releasing – Releasing the resources is done by paying the exact amount of money to the manufacturers for the materials that they have bought.

1. Determining the dependencies and the sequence of activities:

1. Resource Requirements:

1. Duration of each activity:

From the above table it can be said that the total time that will be required for the completion of the project is 261 days. As per the work breakdown structure the project will commence on 31^st December, 2019 if the project will start on 1^st January, 2019.

Resource Profile and over allocated resources:

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