Network architecture and security
This assignment will focus on the security issues that the Healthcare industry face. The industry has adopted this new application to secure the personal data of the patients. Some of the network-based applications that the industry is already using is the electronic medical records (EMRs). This increases the efficiency of communication and collaboration between the patients and the healthcare units. However, with the adoption of this new technology, security threats are also increasing in the particular sector. The computer viruses and the hackers are posing great threats to the healthcare networks. The security issues can be prevented and managed by the help of network security tools. To protect the network from security breaches, healthcare organisations should frame security policies that will help the industry to avoid the security issues.
The following paragraphs will deal with a short literature review on healthcare networks and the critical security issues faced by the industry explaining the architecture of healthcare networks and the solution to the security issues.
The network architecture consists of three important parts- (1) the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) wireless sensor network also called Hybrid Sensing Network (HSN), (2) interface of the users for visualizing and management data and (3) IoT smart gateway. The network works on a number of topologies and the gateway plays an important role in protecting the network. The network architecture makes use of firewalls to protect the network perimeter. Along with firewall, there are routers that has access to inspect firewall features. The Smart Hospital System (SHS) helps to collect data regarding temperature, pressure and light conditions from the environment.
The healthcare systems consists of routers and switches that helps to connect various computer systems in the network. This facilitates the secure transfer of data between remote locations of medical and healthcare units that follows the laws of United States HIPAA and HL7 telemedicine guidance [10]. The healthcare network is also planning to use the Cisco router VPN hardware solution in the future. Virtual Private Networks can secure the networks.
Huge development has been made recently in healthcare networks. A wireless body area network (WBAN) is used to monitor the health and fitness of humans. Patients can be monitored in remotely by WBAN along with backbone network and supporting gateway. The integration of Information technology with healthcare system has developed to such an extent that wearable and implantable devices are used to supervise the activities of disabled, aging and pregnant women. Recent advances in biomedicine, ambient assisted living (AAL) and medical informatics has taken healthcare networks to a high level [3]. The health monitoring systems has not only been developed however, intelligent algorithms has been developed to do a variety of tasks. The development in healthcare network meets the growing market needs and opportunities. The development of wearable devices facilitated in monitoring health. The devices measures vital parameters like oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood glucose level, blood pressure and respiratory rate. These data are stored securely in the database to keep a track of health conditions of the patients.
Recent developments in Healthcare networks
Protecting personal information of employees should be of topmost priority of any organisation. In the healthcare industry, health information as well as personal information of the patients should be kept confidential and therefore, security of data should be given the highest priority. However, the healthcare networks faces threats from hackers and intruders. This particular industry is increasingly relying on networks for their core operations. As a result, healthcare networks are becoming more vulnerable to attacks. If the industry compromise with security, then critical functions of various healthcare organisations will be affected [9]. Hackers will attack the system to steal the information of the patients and therefore, patients will be at great risks. Employee and patients threats should be considered. The security threats might cause disruption to patient care. To eliminate attacks from internal hackers, healthcare organisations should impose strong security on their databases.
Therefore, the healthcare providers should undertake proper IP implementation that involves practices ensuring network security, services and products. This will help them to deal with the potential risks associated with the use of healthcare networks.
Current and future potential threats that Healthcare networks are facing:
The three security issues that Healthcare networks are facing today and the potential threats in the future are as follows:
Threats from device compromise: Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are being used for e-healthcare systems. The network operates in an environment that allows open access to various number of people that includes attackers. According to some researchers the main device in the network that are subjected to compromise in security are the WBAN nodes [5]. When the whole data is encrypted and stored in the node with its encryption key, then data will be disclosed to the hackers. The local servers that provides networking facilities might not be trustworthy and the malicious people might break into the network to obtain personal information of patients [7]. A number of research argues that the attackers might obtain information directly through the internet or from the patient’s room by physically entering into it and compromising with the local servers. This makes the patient’s vulnerable to attacks.
Common threats faced by healthcare networks: The common security threats faced by healthcare networks are packet sniffers, denial of service (DoS), defacing, spam, man-in-the-middle attack and attacks by viruses, Trojan horses and worms [6]. Research reveals that these attacks mainly aim at hacking the usernames and passwords of the network devices to gain access to network information. The threats might reduce the confidence of the patients on the healthcare organisation’s ability to protect confidential data. Another emerging threat to healthcare networks is spam that affects the mail servers.
Threats from network dynamics: The healthcare networks are dynamic in nature and therefore, are vulnerable to malware attacks. Healthcare networks face network jamming, Distributed Denial of Services and other attacks. The malicious attacks mostly takes place in electronic health records (EHRs) [8]. Databases of healthcare organisation faces maximum threats, as the data is stored here.
Solution to one of the threats faced by healthcare networks:
Personal Information Security and threats faced by the Healthcare industry
One of the most severe threat faced by healthcare networks is from the network devices. Therefore, to mitigate this risk, physical and commutation privacy should be provided to the devices. They should be monitored frequently to avoid device theft or data being leaked out of the device. The integrity and availability of the devices highly affects the security of the network. As a solution to the above problem, networking experts have suggested the use of antiviruses that will protect the computing systems from malware attacks. Data encryption is another way to deal with the security issues. Encrypting data will cover the information with an encrypted code [11]. This will become difficult for the hackers to read the encrypted data and therefore, the information remains secured and confidential.
Using firewalls is another solution to the attacks that the healthcare system is facing. Firewalls act as a filter between the network and the network devices [12]. Any exchange in information between devices and the network will have to pass through firewalls that will kill security breaks and make the network secured. Research reveals that these attacks mainly aim at hacking the usernames and passwords of the network devices to gain access to network information. A number of research argues that the attackers might obtain information directly through the internet or from the patient’s room by physically entering into it and compromising with the local servers. Therefore, strong security checks should be imposed in the healthcare organisation such that the medical information as well as the personal information of the patients are kept secured and personal. Antiviruses can be implemented in each system such that the security can be checked in every step.
Conclusion:
From the above discussions, it can be concluded that healthcare industry is increasingly depending on Internet of things and networks for carrying out various operations. This increases the efficiency of communication and collaboration between the patients and the healthcare units. The applications of IoT that are being used by this sector are electronic medical records (EMRs), biomedical information, imaging, patient accounting and online claims submissions. All the mentioned application will require security of data. However, healthcare sector is facing a number of security issues including attacks from hackers and intruders, malicious software as well as from the internal employees. The human errors re posing great threats to the healthcare networks and has become the main concern today. The solution to these problems that should be used by healthcare companies are encryption of data, using VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and firewalls. Setting a strong monitoring team might also prove beneficial for the industry. Firewalls act as a filter between the network and the network devices. Any exchange in information between devices and the network will have to pass through firewalls that will kill security breaks and make the network secured.
References:
[1] Catarinucci, Luca, Danilo De Donno, Luca Mainetti, Luca Palano, Luigi Patrono, Maria Laura Stefanizzi, and Luciano Tarricone. “An IoT-aware architecture for smart healthcare systems.” IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2, no. 6 (2015): 515-526.
[2] “Telemedicine, Telehealth, Distance Learning medical solutions to equalize healthcare access, to eliminate suffering, improve the quality of life, and to brighten lives”, First-worldwide-internet.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.first-worldwide-internet.com/telemedical-telehealth-hipaa-dicom-hL7-pacs-network.html. [Accessed: 24- Sep- 2018].
[3] Chen, Min, Jiafu Wan, Sergio González-Valenzuela, Xiaofei Liao, and Victor CM Leung. “A Survey of Recent Developments in Home M2M Networks.” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 16, no. 1 (2014): 98-114.
[4] Zafar, Humayun, Myung S. Ko, and Jan G. Clark. “Security Risk Management in Health Care: A Case Study.” CAIS 34 (2014): 37.
[5] Rushanan, Michael, Aviel D. Rubin, Denis Foo Kune, and Colleen M. Swanson. “Sok: Security and privacy in implantable medical devices and body area networks.” In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 524-539. IEEE, 2014.
[6] Abomhara, Mohamed, and Geir M. Køien. “Cyber security and the internet of things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders and attacks.” Journal of Cyber Security 4, no. 1 (2015): 65-88.
[7] Zhang, Meng, Anand Raghunathan, and Niraj K. Jha. “Trustworthiness of Medical Devices and Body Area Networks.” Proceedings of the IEEE 102, no. 8 (2014): 1174-1188.
[8] Glisson, William Bradley, Todd Andel, Todd McDonald, Mike Jacobs, Matt Campbell, and Johnny Mayr. “Compromising a medical mannequin.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.00065 (2015).
[9] Waring, Justin, Fiona Marshall, and Simon Bishop. “Understanding the occupational and organizational boundaries to safe hospital discharge.” Journal of health services research & policy 20, no. 1_suppl (2015): 35-44.
[10] Baig, Mirza Mansoor, Hamid GholamHosseini, and Martin J. Connolly. “Mobile healthcare applications: system design review, critical issues and challenges.” Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine 38, no. 1 (2015): 23-38.
[11] Naik, Aanand D., Lindsey A. Martin, Jennifer Moye, and Michele J. Karel. “Health values and treatment goals of older, multimorbid adults facing life?threatening illness.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 64, no. 3 (2016): 625-631.
[12] Lee, Jay, Behrad Bagheri, and Hung-An Kao. “A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems.” Manufacturing Letters 3 (2015): 18-23.
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