Effectiveness of Coronary Anastomosis Simulation
This was a prospective observational study conducted from 2018 to 2019, in order to analyse a specific simulation – Coronary Anastomosis, which is associated with directed interventions for the optimization of success. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Bismuth). The research study was successful in showing that the simulation was effective in optimizing the success of interventions.
The research study has been focused on the development of a simulator which contains a small bowel created from silicone and 3D print, to hold bowel in place. The simulator was codesigned by many researchers. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Chan). The final results, have shown that the small bowel model was effective and inexpensive in acquiring the surgical skills.
The research study has used twenty participants in the simulation for testing whether anastomosis simulation is effective in providing a safe as well as effective environment for the skill development processes. Twenty participants were used in the research study and it was found that the simulation was safe and effective for improving the residents surgical skills. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Cowles).
The researchers have used cardiac surgical trainees and they were invited for the constriction of their own coronary anastomosis simulator. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Habti). Six, different prototypes of simulators were built and it was found that the simulators provided considerable contribution to the surgical simulation field.
The research study was divided into two parts. The first part of the research was associated with the development of an artificial tissue, to provide conductivity for a 2D potentiometer in order to track a specific tool, which interacts with tissue. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Duran). The Medical simulators have been found to be effective in developing countries and are also effective in position tracking.
The researcher has described the aviation model of vascular surgery education in a justified way. However, the research study has followed a secondary research design – insights from previous pieces of literature were used in order to draw a conclusion to the research study. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Eidt).
Aviation and surgery have been found to have many similarities. A multispecialty team was found to be associated with expensive equipment for performing unmanageable and life threatening situations. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Cameron). This was a literature review based research associated with thematic analysis. This type of research design and analysis has been used in another study (Malik).
A lung transplantation virtual technical course of skill was developed and the research fellows were provided with a model and surgical instruments. The teaching program was held virtually and the practice was recorded as a video. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Malik). Warm ischemic time was the outcome measure, compared between the fellows with 5 cases pre and post pandemic. The program was found to be beneficial for the development and improvement of technical skills in surgery during the COVID 19 pandemic.
Development of Artificial Tissue for Position Tracking
The research study has focused on the development of a do-it yourself simulatory which will improve the cardiac surgery skills. Survey method was chosen as the data collection technique, before applying any types of intervention. In other words, it can be said that after applying the intervention, again data was collected and analysed. Thus, pre-test and post-test data collection as well as analysis was used in the study.
The research study has been found to explore various domains or landscapes of the human centered design research. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Gladden). The same was later introduced in the Living lab research domain. This is a secondary research and was done in the format of a literature review. The aper has discussed the links and several theories to determine user experience.
The research study was primary experimental in design and focused on the development of an analysis model for the detailing of surgical procedures. The model has was developed and it was checked for helps in requirement analysis for the conceptual design designers. The analysis model was found to be effective in prototype validation.
Sanders, Elizabeth B-N., and Pieter Jan Stappers. “Co-creation and the new landscapes of design.” Co-design 4.1 (2008): 5-18.
The research study has aimed at the exploration of design collaboration processes which need active participation of users themselves. Two specific design meetings were studied. The findings have shown that the designers were not specifically able to make decision for the technical solutions. The actual design has to be changed so that the decision making process can be perfect.
The patients were first admitted to the GI surgery service and were given a 30-item survey to complete. All the patients have stated that surgical resident education is always well received and significant for the patients. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Mitchell). The orientation of patients to residents education can be stated to be a vital part of patient care and increases the willingness of a patient to participate in learning activities.
The research study has aimed at the analysis of feelings among patients who are are cataract surgery residents.
Survey method was used for data collection and all the ethical considerations including informed consent was maintained in the research study.
The results have stated that most of the individuals accepts the involvement of education in cataract surgery residents if the complete thing is disclosed before by the attending surgeon.
A simple simulation model was developed for vascular injury and cardiothoracic trainees. This model was tested and it was found to be effective inpracticing the core skills in the simulation, which can help the residents in being prepared when an emergency situation arises.
The researchers have focused on the assessment of microsurgery scores or SMAS scores, the time taken for the completion of anastomosis and the time for the placement of suture. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Kelly). The results have stated that home microsurgical training is viable and accessible also. The same was cost effective also and allowed the trainees to practice and take the ownership of technical skill development in the associated area.
Aviation Model of Vascular Surgery Education
Research study was associated with development of a model design, which was associated with inexpensive materials, that do not specifically compromise through repetitive use. The suture board was found to provide a very effective practice material and it has been found that the same is also of lower cost than the previous ones. This type of primary research design has been used in another research study also (Shaharan, Shazrinizam, and Paul Neary). The model has been found to be advantageous as compared with other commercially available and synthetic models.
The group of researchers have used in hospital fabrication laboratory in order to develop a model for subcutaneous and skin tissues. The model was developed by usng several commercially available modes, which have lower costs. However, it has been observed that the methods for creation was inexpensive and is a great strategy towards decreased cost associated with suturing. The model was found to stimulation fascial closure along with skin closure. This was a primary research study – experimental research design.
Suturing has been found to be significant for core surgical competencies. They require continued practices and thus banana fruit was selected as the best example for practicing suturing. The population was divided into two intervention groups and pre-workshop and post – workshop data collection was done. After observing the suture scores, banana peels were found to be of low costs and equally viable in maintaining scores as observed for the synthetic suture media.
The research study has focused on the determination of the effect of 80 hour per week over the operative experiences of resident. Two group based interventions were applied and the effects were analyzed. The strict work hour guidelines have been found to cause negative impacts on the general surgery residents, especially at the junior levels.
The research study was found to use primary design in order to check whether surgical boot camp was effective in increasing the technical and non technical skills of trainees or not. The sample size was less for the research study and it was found that the bootcamp was effective in improving the functioning of the trainees.
The research study has used 326 trainees in order to complete a survey. This type of participant selection for primary research has been observed in this research study (Lamb). The trends of every selected variable was identified in the above research study.
This research study was based on systematic review design. The research has used 5 databases for data collection in order to avoid data saturation. The selected time length of publication for the research studies was also large 1985 to 2013. This step was again used by the researchers in order to increase variability in collected data and avoid data saturation. The sample size was very large for the research study and this removed the chances of data generalizability. The literature pieces used assessment tools pertinent to the vascular surgery and has been found to be diverse.
This is a primary research study and the effect of intensive vascular skill simulation course was studied on the research participants.
Application of Survey and Experimental Methods
Likert scale was used for the survey in order to check the performance level. This scale has been used in most of the survey techniques in quantitative research studies.
The research study has been found to show that intensive vascular skills and simulation course improved the procedural knowledge. The research study has been found to show that the simulation was effective in improving the vascular trainees.
This research study was focused on the discussion of the importance of incorporating simulations in the education associated with vascular surgery. This type of surgery has been found to be associated with constant practice and regular hands on training. Thus, the paper has stated that the use of simulation has been found to be beneficial for the trainees in the attaining of levels associated with technical expertise which will benefit themselves and the parents.
This is a primary experimental model based research study. It has been observed that the researchers have developed low cost model for the training of vascular surgical techniques. The model was constructed from cylindrical latex balloons with gelatin for support. This was found to be very effective in improving the practice of vascular surgery techniqiues.
This is again a research study which has used primary research design. In other words, it can be said that this type of research design has been used in another research study also. The participants were specifically randomized to observe the instrumental performance video of the vascular anastomosis associated with the strategy of education. Finally, it was observed that the residents with specific and instructional media usage, were able to perform an end to end anastomosis. Thus, simulation techniques can be stated to be very effective in the increase in efficiency of anastomosis.
This is a primary research study. Single blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in the research study. The residents associated with the opportunities for the self directed simulator, end to end performance anastomosis more rapidly and quickly. Thus, it can be said that simulator training should be specifically incorporated into the cardiovascular curricula residents.
The research study has used a secondary research design. The study has shown that the both the endovascular skills and open surgeries can be assessed and the application of successful implementation in the vascular surgery training program was also presented. The article has aimed to impart a specific and deeper understanding of the conditions for the development and implementation of endovascular surgery.
References
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Cameron, John L. “William Stewart Halsted. Our surgical heritage.” Annals of surgery 225.5 (1997): 445.
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Development of DIY Simulator for Cardiac Surgery Skills Improvement
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De Raet, Jan M., et al. “How to build your own coronary anastomosis simulator from scratch.” Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery 16.6 (2013): 772-776.
Duran, Cassidy, Jean Bismuth, and Erica Mitchell. “A nationwide survey of vascular surgery trainees reveals trends in operative experience, confidence, and attitudes about simulation.” Journal of vascular surgery 58.2 (2013): 524-528.
Eidt, John F. “The aviation model of vascular surgery education.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 55.6 (2012): 1801-1809.
Gladden, Alicia A. Heelan, et al. “A vascular anastomosis simulation can provide a safe and effective environment for resident skills development.” Journal of Surgical Education 75.5 (2018): 1367-1373.
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Living Lab Research Landscape: From UserCentred Design and User Experience towardsUser Cocreation
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