Findings of the Study
“Fracassi, Cesare. “Corporate finance policies and social networks” (2016) 63 (8) Management Science”
In this journal Fracassi has stated theory of social network which has suggested about the preference of the individuals and decisions which has affected with various costly ventures to obtain a certain information. The evidence from this study has been further able to depict how the managers are predisposed by the social peers while constructing corporate financial policy choices. The matrix of the social ties is shown with activities pertaining to the key executives and directors of US Corporations. The findings have also revealed that there are more number of social connection among tow companies which shares similar level of investment are likely to change investment pattern overtime. In addition to this, the companies positioned in a social network are more likely to invest in an idiosyncratic manner. This has resulted in taking discretionary corporate financial policies. Lastly, it is also inferred that the more socially firms are able to exhibit improved economic performance. The addressing of the endogeneity concerns is depicted with less similarity in case a connecting element dies.
“Foley, C. Fritz, and Kalina Manova. “International trade, multinational activity, and corporate finance” (2015) 7 (1) economics”
The main discourse of the study has stated about the emerging literatures which are related to the unique ideas pertaining to the corporate finance. These are seen with the learnings on international trade and investments. The insights on the changes in the expansion of the financial institutions are relevant across different countries, with the role of monetary constraint with the use of internal capital market. This is essential for understanding of international economics. In addition to this, the ability of accessing the financial capital for paying the variable and fixed costs are seen to affect the choices of the firms related to export entry and operations associated to the trade patterns. In this journal the financial frictions are identified with the utilisation of the internal capital markets. These are often considered with the decisions pertaining to the production locations, corporate governance and integration. The significant contributions made by the study are seen with the capital market imperfections and availability of external finance in a country. The overall evaluation made in the article survey has conducted the research with the aim of focusing on the important issues. The key results have also led to several types of the open-ended questions.
“Atanasov, Vladimir, and Bernard Black. “Shock-based causal inference in corporate finance and accounting research” (2016)”
This article has applied the concept of corporate accounting model in terms of shock-based method associated to casual inferences. The important focus has been identified as per the Governance research. This was done by conducting a survey among 13461 papers issued within 2001 and 2011 in 22 major subject areas ranging from management journals, accounting, law, finance and economics. These are further identified in terms of 863 observed studies which have shown CG is related to the value of the firm or characteristics of the firm. The classification methods used in the study has assessed about whether there is any support among the casual link among the casual inference strategy. The study has identified the substantial policies which are largely dependent on the external shocks. These are usually a result of legal rules which are often a result of natural experiments. The examining of the 74 shocked based reports have been able to provide the research guideline among different design which emphasizes on the common features of such designs and value of the same.
Impact of Social Network Theory on Corporate Financial Policies
“Arnold, Tom, and Richard L. Shockley. “Real options analysis and the assumptions of corporate finance: A non-technical review” (2015)”
The journal has discussed about the use of different types of non-technical exhibition of the theoretical foundation of the corporate financial decision making. The researchers further stated about the use of NPV rule in corporate accounting. The main objective has discussed about the ideas of value and value formation as a result of single and unified framework which is completely based on neoclassical microeconomic theory. This has allowed the users of such a journal in knowing the correct approach for corporate valuation method. The important assertions of the research have stated that corporate valuation approach based on real options are perfectly favourable without any further qualification. This is also suitable for situations where the investors look forward to maximise the NPV. The report has also concluded that maximisation of shareholder value is appropriate when the financial markets are free from any sort of arbitration opportunities and managers are inferred as price takers. This is also applicable in situations where the new investments do not affect the overall consumption in a material way.
“Dang, Viet Anh, Minjoo Kim, and Yongcheol Shin. “In search of robust methods for dynamic panel data models in empirical corporate finance” (2015) 84 (98) Journal of Banking & Finance”
The learnings of the journal have identified the appropriate tools for estimation of data models using dynamic panel under empirical corporate finance. The simulation of the instrumental variable and GMM estimator have revealed an unreliable, sensitive and occurrence of unobserved heterogeneity, changes in control parameter and residual serial coalition. The most appropriate and robust method used for the corporate financing model associated to analytical, bootstrap and indirect inference approach. The aforementioned estimators have performed in a reasonable manner even with the models in which frictional dependent variables are censored at 0.1. Therefore, the overall results of the analysis have been segregated into two empirical applications one based on cash holdings and other on dynamic capital structure. The overall findings have also revealed that there may be a differentiating reserve for long-term ideal monetary policies at varying rates. Therefore, the research has recommended to allow for heterogenous parameters. The future researchers further found simulation and findings based on empirical results in other domains of corporate finance to be useful in nature.
“Jacob, Martin, et al. “Corporate finance and the governance implications of removing government support programs” (2016) 63 Journal of Banking & Finance”
In general, government is depicted to spend large sum of money on business support programs. The study has examined the important implications on the investors for phasing out such subsidy programs. The author has taken the advantage of conducting uniquely was the natural experiment where the subsidy associated taxes for “Canadian Labour-Sponsored Venture Capital Corporations (LSVCCs)” there seen to be phased out in only some of the provinces. The implementation of difference in differences setting was conducive in identifying the relevant fund performance in relevant of tax credit. This was identified with a decrease in substantial enactment of phasing out. The main findings of the study have empirically shown that LSVCC managers are involved in continuously charge for venture capital light management fees despite of investment strategies becoming more like mutual funds. The data gathered has strongly adhered to the idea of investors in the company and also in some cases lost the support of the government which was identified with facing a considerable amount of financial costs.
Corporate Financial Policies and Social Network Connections
“Faccio, Mara, Maria-Teresa Marchica, and Roberto Mura. “CEO gender, corporate risk-taking, and the efficiency of capital allocation” (2016) 39 Journal of Corporate Finance”
The primary aspects of the literature review of the study have identified how the managerial traits are associated to the corporate choices and documentation of several other factors. In general, it has been seen that CEOs have a lesser leverage and a high scope of survival than other similar type of employees. In addition to this, the transactions pertaining to male and female CEOs are linked with statistically significant and economically significant risk-taking model. The overall result has further phone how the controlling for the indigenous matchmaking among the CEOs and econometric techniques work out with each other. Lastly, the learnings of the study have also identified how the risk avoidance behaviour tends to lead to distortions in form of capital allocation process. This has resulted in potentiality of putting more importance on macroeconomic implications which will ensure long-term economic growth. Some of the other findings of the learnings have identified that the social expert is may be affected by choices made by the woman themselves. Additionally, the extent to which socially expects a woman to stay at home is considered with involvement in society by decreasing the utility of the agents.
“Faff, Robert W., Stephen Gray, and Kelvin Jui Keng Tan. “A contemporary view of corporate finance theory, empirical evidence and practice” (2016) (41) 4 Australian Journal of Management”
The discussions of this paper are related to a conduction of survey of Australian Corporate Treasure to focus on the gaps among the theories and practices associated to corporate finance in Australia. The journal has examined the repercussions of the liquidity shocks choices of capital to a firm. The next step is based on the comparison of the survey results of Australia as per a comprehensive U.S. survey steered by Graham and Harvey. The survey conducted by the directors has been able to depict about the important role in determining the decisions associated to capital structure choices. These results are further in contrast with the academic literature which normally focuses on the CEO’s role in both the cash holding decisions and capital structure. Moreover, the respondents do not consider these as a tax advantage for the interest of deductibility due to the first priority of importance of the choices of debt issuances as per the empirical studies in U.S. The study has also stated about the juxtapose theory-practice by review of most recent financial statements and research journals from Asia Pacific Basin financials.
“Armour, J. and Enriques, L., 2018. The promise and perils of crowdfunding: between corporate finance and consumer contracts. The Modern Law Review, 81(1), pp.51-84”
This journal relates to the concept of crowdfunding, which is still in an growing status and reflected in the variety of contracting practices. For instance, the journal has stated that equity crowed funders are seen to invest in shares on the other hand, the reward crowd funders receive the units in advance. These practices are seen to occupy existing security level and consumer contract law. In addition to this, the consumer protection law in the UK has imposed a mandatory term for impeding the risk sharing in terms of reward crowdfunding and mandates associated with expensive disclosures which hampers the equity crowdfunding. The article has suggested that while crowdfunding poses high risk for the fund makers pertaining to classical regulatory techniques related to consumer law and security has provided an ineffective response. The overall discussions of the study has been however able to infer that a rapidly developing market mechanism which provides a considerable protection for funders. The initially permissive regulatory approach has included learnings pertaining to market developments which has a credible threat of intervention.
Improved Economic Performance of Socially Connected Firms
“Danielson, Morris G., Jean L. Heck, and David Shaffer. “Shareholder theory–how opponents and proponents both get it wrong.” (2015)”
The discussions of this journal are based on topic corporate accounting concept of stakeholder wealth maximization which are accepted in terms of most of financial economists as an appropriate tool for decision making. In the recent times the wealth maximization tool is seen to be specific with the various types of the theories. These are seen to be taken into consideration as per the rising array of rivals for condoning the exploitation of the stakeholders, employees and inspiring of short-term management thinking. As per the author, the critics are seen to be misguided for the proponents of the shareholder theory which has catalysed to such a confusion by the exhortation of the managers and maximization of the present stock price of the firm. Due to this, the stock price of the firm can be manipulated with the short-term incentives required for increasing the current stock price affecting the investment and operating decisions.
“Bena, Jan, and Kai Li. “Corporate innovations and mergers and acquisitions.” (2014) 69.5 The Journal of Finance”
The article focuses on merger and acquisitions which have talking place in the recent business environment in companies. The research paper considers data set of merger and acquisitions for a period of more than 20 years. The research paper effectively shows how mergers and acquisition results in corporate innovation and improvement in the overall corporate performance of the business. The research paper effectively shows that the companies which have large patent portfolios and low Research and Developments expenditures are mostly acquirers of businesses. On the other hand, Companies which have high Research and Developments expenditures and low patent portfolio are mostly the companies which are acquired. The research paper also shows the effects of merger and acquisition in a business and how the same results innovation of the corporate practices in a business. The research shows that the synergies which is achieved through acquisition of businesses play a vital role in the decision making regarding the acquisition. The synergy effect is the main consideration which businesses consider while taking merger and acquisition decisions.
“Giannetti, Mariassunta, and Xiaoyun Yu. “The corporate finance benefits of short horizon investors.” (2016)”
The research paper shows that the businesses which have more investors which are of short term nature have better change of achieving long term performance in business market. The research paper also shows that certain other factors are also be to be considered when taking long term performance decisions and the factors are investment in fixed assets, Research and Development Expenses and also on strategies which are concentrated on differentiating the products from its competitors. The paper also aims to analyze how the ownership’s capital structure affects the response of the management to the negative shocks of the business. The research paper further discusses that businesses invest more in Research and Development in order to bring about differentiation in the products of the business so that the business can handle the intense competition in the market. The research also reveals that such investments which are made by the management of the business in order to bring about long-term improvements in the business structure of the organization. The paper shows that short term institutional investors are effective in adapting to the negative shocks which companies faces in this changing environment.
Conclusion
“Rapp, Marc Steffen, Thomas Schmid, and Daniel Urban. “The value of financial flexibility and corporate financial policy.” (2014) 29 Journal of Corporate Finance”
As per the research paper which is considered, financial decision making is an important constant in a business as the financial performance of the business is largely dependent on the decisions taken by the business. As per the research paper, financial flexibility in a business can be achieved by taking appropriate financial decisions in a business. The different proxies which are related to financial constraint are not as much a determining factor as the financial decisions which promotes financial flexibility. The paper aims to establish the value of Financial elasticity from the viewpoint of the shareholders of the business. The paper considers computation of value of financial flexibility as an important consideration in taking important decisions regarding the performance and long-term sustainability of business. The financial flexibility decisions of a business also help the management of the company to take important financial decisions of a business and also for the framing of policies of the business.
“Cheng, Beiting, Ioannis Ioannou, and George Serafeim. “Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.” (2014) 35.1 Strategic management journal”
As per the journal paper which is considered for the analysis, the corporate social responsibilities of the business play a vital role in the policies of the business regarding the financing policies of the business. The paper shows that the corporate social responsibility framework of a business can help the management to acquire more finances for the business. The research paper aims to establish that reduced agency costs of the business and better transparency in the policies of the business helps the management to have a better access to capital sources to meet the requirements of the business. The research paper also shows alternative treatments which are which can provide evidences as to the impact of an effective CSR on the liquidity conditions and also availability. The CSR policies of the business should have both environmental and social dimensions in order to ensure that the reputation of the business is promoted and the business has easy access to the funds which is required by the business. The research paper also considers other capital constraint which can affect the decision of the business regarding the spending’s of the business which can be NPV of the projects, time period of the projects and similar other factors.
“Harvie, Charles, Dionisius Narjoko, and Sothea Oum. “Small and Medium Enterprises’ access to finance: evidence from selected Asian economies.” (2013). ERIA Discussion Paper Series, ERIA-DP”
The journal paper shows “Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)” business requirements regarding the finances of the business. The journal article shows the requirement of capital in the such SMEs in order to finance the day to day processes of the business. The requirement of finances in a business which would be required depends on the nature of firm, operations of the business and also on the size of the business. The journal articles also considered the factors which affect the ability of the businesses to tap into the financial resources of multiple financial institutions. The aim of the research paper also aims to provide analysis regarding how the risks premiums can affect the business of innovative capabilities of the business and also the resource requirements of the business. The journal also reveals about the external capital requirements in Asian Companies and the same also impacts the businesses. The paper also considers the difficulties which is faced by businesses in meeting the financing requirements of the business. The corporate finance requirements of the business depend mostly on the size of the firms which determines how much amount of external capital which is required by the business.
Recommendations
“Obradovich, John, and Amarjit Gill. “The impact of corporate governance and financial leverage on the value of American firms.” (2013)”
The journal paper which is shown above emphasis on the impact of effective CG and financial leverage on the valuations of American Firms. The journal paper further specifies that the effect of CG and financial leverage on a business would differ from one organization to another and also differ on the basis of manufacturing and service sector enterprises. The other determining factors which also affect the valuations of businesses are the size of the business, nature of operations, insider training and also effect of the audit committee on the valuation of the business. The journal article recognizes the importance of maximizing the wealth of the shareholders of the business and also the important measures which are undertaken by the business for maximising the wealth of the shareholders of the company. The reason for the increasing emphasis on the corporate governance practices in companies operating in US is due to the increasing number of scandals which has affected the economy and which has resulted in more emphasis on the corporate values and ethics of the business and also the function of maximizing the shareholder’s wealth.
“Cristiano, Busco, et al. “Redefining corporate accountability through integrated reporting: what happens when values and value creation meet?.” 8.August (2013) Strategic Finance”
As per the content of the journal which is considered above, there is rapid changes in the corporate reporting framework which is applicable on a business. The reporting framework is undergoing drastic changes as the concepts, principles and also the elements which are included in the annual reports of the business are continuously changing. The reporting framework which is being followed is based on the various changes which are taking place in the accounting standards. The changes are mainly taking place due to the increased emphasis on the value creation, capital employed and accountability of the business. Therefore, the reporting framework of the business which can be suggested is integrated reporting which focuses on corporate value, governance policies and also the efficient disclosures of all the financial information of the business. The journal paper further discusses regarding the elements, functions and concepts which are used in Integrated reporting framework. The journal also recognizes the impact of integrated reporting practices of the business and also the future prospects of the same in a business reporting framework.
“Monterio, Brad J. “Integrated reporting and corporate disclosure.” (2014) 95.9 Strategic Finance”
The journal which is being considered is related to the reporting framework which is used in organization such as Integrated Reporting Framework and also the various disclosures which are required to be shown in the annual reports. The journal describes the integrated reporting framework and also what disclosures, concepts and also the principles which are to be followed while preparing the annual reports of the business. The journal article further states the challenges which are faced by business in regards to the integrated reporting framework of the business. The journal articles of the business also consider the challenges which is faced by businesses in the application of integrated reporting framework of the business. The journal further states that integrated reporting can be further be improved with the help of technological advancements in a business organization. This means that the process of integrated reporting can be made better with the help of bringing about technological advancements in the reporting framework in the business. The important disclosures which are required in the integrated reporting framework of a business is also considered in the research paper considered.
“Mathuva, David. “The Influence of working capital management components on corporate profitability.” (2015)”
As per the journal article which is considered above describes working capital requirements of a business and how the same can have an impact on the corporate profitability of the business. The journal article which is considered for the purpose of conducting the research takes in account working capital of 30 firms. The WC of the business have significant impact on the profitability of the business. The working capital requirement of the business generally varies from businesses to businesses and the composition of capital structure which is used by businesses also may be different for businesses. The working capital management of the business is an important factor for the business and also helps in maintaining the funding requirements of the business. The journal paper applies correlation estimation process for establishing a link between the capital structure if the business and also the profitability which is achieved by the business. The journal also considers Relation of Account Collection Period and profitability of the business, cash conversion period and profitability of the business.
“Baños-Caballero, Sonia, Pedro J. García-Teruel, and Pedro Martínez-Solano. “Working capital management, corporate performance, and financial constraints.” (2014) 67.3 Journal of Business Research”
The journal article shows analysis of the working capital requirement of the business and also the linkage with the same corporate performance of the business. The analysis also shows that corporate presentation of the business is heavily depended on the capital structure of the business. The journal article considers the sample of UK based non-financial companies for the analysis and research work which is considered for this assessment. The journal article of the business considers corporate performance of the business regarding the working capital requirement of the business. The firm value of the business of the business is shown to be an important aspect for the purpose of working capital requirement of the business. The corporate performance of the business can be affected with the increase in the increase in the working capital of the business. Therefore, WC management is an important aspect of decision making and can also affect the profitability of the business.
“Aktas, Nihat, Ettore Croci, and Dimitris Petmezas. “Is working capital management value-enhancing? Evidence from firm performance and investments” (2015) 30 Journal of Corporate Finance”
The above article has article has examined the value derived from “Working Capital Management (WCM)” which is seen to be applicable for a large number of US based corporates from 1982-2011. The different kinds of the interpretations of the study has been able to depict about the existence of the optimal level. This is considered with either an increase or decrease in the overall investment in the working capital relevant to the operating performance and improvement in the stock. The corporate investment has also considered the documentation of the investment through efficient WCM translation and significant performance of the firm. The efficiency in the WCM has allowed for the redeployment of underutilised corporate resources associated to the redeployment of the underutilized corporate resources and use of higher value through funding made by the cash acquisitions. The overall results have been important for the stating about the implications of corporate policies. As per the magnitude of the working capital, the proportion of the firm along with the assets should be paid greater emphasis.
“Eccles, Robert G., and Tim Youmans. “Materiality in corporate governance: the statement of significant audiences and materiality” (2016) (28) 2 Journal of Applied Corporate Finance”
The journal has stated that it is argued by the board about the interests of the corporations instead of assisting body of the shareholders as usually supposed. The board may choose this to be deemed with the shareholders with the only significant audience. The board needs to decide on the audiences who are most noteworthy with the ability of the corporation to create the value as per short term, medium term and long-term strategy. Therefore, it will be easier to lay the foundation based on the determination of materiality for corporate accounting.
The research has further identified that the declaration of the significant audiences and materiality campaign were done to guarantee that the ideas were translated into practice. The evaluation of the main opportunities of the research were identified as per disparities in the degree to which the laws in a country involve the directors to take account of the stakeholder’s interests. The alterations in the civil and common law has been also identified as main opportunities of the research. The significant differences in the developed and developing countries along with primacy duality are considered as the main outcomes of the research. The goal of the statement campaign is complemented with the opposing research listed by the companies and their annual statement.
“Levi, Maurice, Kai Li, and Feng Zhang. “Director gender and mergers and acquisitions” (2014) 28 Journal of Corporate Finance”
The main issue discussed in the journal is associated to the whether gender has influenced the CEO empire building. It is also concerned with the issues whether there is bid premium paid to the target firms. The important findings of the research have stated that the female directors who are less overconfident will be less overestimated pertaining to the merger gains. Due to this, the female directors are less likely to make the significant nature of the acquisitions pertaining to the lower bid` premia. This study is facilitated by the use of acquisition bids as per S&P 1500 companies between 1997-2009. Therefore, we have been able to find that each of the additional female directors are related to 7.6% lesser bids and added on female directors on the bidder’s board has reduced the premium paid by 15.4%. The findings of the study have supported the notion that female directors have helped the shareholders to create shareholder’s value thorough appropriate influence based on the acquisition decisions.
“Colombo, Jéfferson A., and João F. Caldeira. “The role of taxes and the interdependence among corporate financial policies: Evidence from a natural experiment” (2018) 50 Journal of Corporate Finance”
The research conducted is based on the manner firms respond to the exogenous tax variations which is at the investor level and examination of the financial decio0ns pertaining to the tax reforms brought by the pension finds in Brazil. This is seen to be steady with the model of tax preference and dividends. The overall findings of the study have been also able to infer that after the implementation of the model of taxation, the new law firms tend to dispense the more “tax-deductible dividends” (IOE), the second largest shareholder is considered which is seen as the pension fund instead of other types of agents. This is further depicted to be steady with the tax-preference theory of dividend. However, the control firms have significantly vamped up their TDD in order to attract more established investors and reduce the overall cost of capital. The author has also revealed that the treated firms and reduction in the leverage is comparative to the control firms after the new law has suggested about the equity tax shields and debt tax protections which acts as substitutes to the financial instruments. The first order factor of the corporate financing decisions is adjusted with the firm’s policy and consideration of the interdependence with the financial statements.
Azeez, A. A. “Corporate governance and firm performance: evidence from Sri Lanka” (2015) (3) 1 Journal of Finance
The investigations pertaining to the journal has identified the relationship among the CG and performance of the firm in Sri Lanka. The journal has given an augmented focus on the concepts such as CEO duality, board dichotomy and share of the non-executive directors which has been used as the CG variables such as EPS, ROA and ROE and measures of the firm’s performance. The information received from annual reports of 100 listed entities in Colombo SE is depicted in the financial year 2010-2012. In addition to this, the results of the regression have been further able to state about the varied types of the suggestions as per higher firm performance which are closely monitored by the management.
“Holden, Craig W., Stacey Jacobsen, and Avanidhar Subrahmanyam. “The empirical analysis of liquidity” (2014) (8) 4 Foundations and Trends® in Finance”
The learnings gathered from synthesis of the empirical has provided significant evidence pertaining to market liquidity. The discussions are related to the specialized measures of the liquidity which are developed as per the data limitations in the specific markets. These are further able to provide the proxies of the daily data and assessment of the intuitional trading programs. In general, the liquidity literature has been established with the different types of the cross-sectional patterns, time series patterns and global cross-sectional patterns. The common aspect of the liquidity is seen to be prevalent in nature. There have been certain exchange designs which are related to enhancing the market liquidity and limiting the order book for the high volumes of the markets along with the hybrid exchange pertaining to the low volume market and several competing exchanges. The automatic execution has been able to increase the speed and spreads. The learning from the tick size reduction is depicted with overall improvement in the liquidity. It is discerned that the high frequency traders are seen to trade in both passive, liquidity supplying manner and liquidity demanding manner.
“Chen, Ruiyuan, et al. “Do state and foreign ownership affect investment efficiency? Evidence from privatizations” (2017) 42 Journal of Corporate Finance”
The journal associated to the corporate finance has discussed on the use of high power setting followed by the newly privatized firms pertaining to 24 countries. The study has examined the relationship among the firm level capital allocations and types of ownership. This is consistent with the predictions of the foreign institutional owners and government. These types of the information are further seen with the asymmetry and issues associated with agency theory. The results of the study have shown a robust and strong evidence concerning the government ownership and investment-Q sensitivity. This has further contributed to the increase in the investment efficiency. The findings of the research are seen in terms of the relation among the competence of the investment and foreign ownership. There is seen to be stronger relation of the government to relinquish appropriate level of governance and relinquishing controls which are in weak position. The overall depictions of the findings of the study has been able to show about the significant role of the ownership types and determination of the firm’s investment and efficiency.
“Thomson, Ian. “‘But does sustainability need capitalism or an integrated report’a commentary on ‘The International Integrated Reporting Council: A story of failure’by Flower, J” (2015) 27 Critical Perspectives on Accounting”
The journal is related to the commentary analysis of the sustainability of the IIRC propositions related to the Integrated reporting. This extract of the report is seen to be largely supported by the critic’s opinions and provided additional insights about the probable impact of the IR. As per the discourse of the study the IR report is privileged with the neo-liberal programmatic elements along with the sustainability factors which are aligned with the principles of capitalism. Despite of this, the content of the IR is constructed in such a manner that there is common association among the reference among the sustainability and local corporate practices. The authored has argued that the present format of IR has excluded the components of the sustainability programmatic concepts which do not permit any substantial redistribution of power. There is also seen to be considerable amount of difficulty in the understanding of the unregulated integrated reporting which may enable sustainability reforms. It is seen to be much easier in understanding the various types of the components of the reporting which are associate with the substantive redistribution of power.
“Barkemeyer, Ralf, et al. “Corporate reporting on solutions to wicked problems: Sustainable land management in the mining sector” (2015) 48 Environmental science & policy”
The policies pertaining to the land degradation are associated to the issues related to the social ecological systems which are addressed in terms of international policy designed by UN conventions for tackling with the problems of UNCCD. The main findings of the study have suggested about the range of interpretations which are made as SLM and related to the reduction of overall costs and risks. The author has been further able to find about the good and poor aspects of the reporting. In addition to this, the differences pertaining to the SLM are ranging from the quality of reporting which are seen to be important as per the various types of the implications related to the terms and abilities of the stakeholders. This is further depicted to be important for the formulation of the different types of the corporate sustainability reporting associated with the reporting elements suggested as per the dominant format of corporate sustainability.
“Camilleri, Mark Anthony. “Theoretical insights on integrated reporting: The inclusion of non-financial capitals in corporate disclosures” (2018) Corporate Communications: An International Journal”
The main purpose of the reporting aspect has been depicted as per the increasing disclosures by the large entities and corporations in their Integrated Reports (IR). The reason for the improvement in the IR is seen to be identified as per the legal aspects related to the value creating activities, strategic priorities and business models. In this aspect it needs to be discerned that the important contributions of the theoretical understanding are depicted as per the ESG disclosures. This is seen to be important for the purpose of integration value and reporting rationale. The overall discourse of the study is also identified with various types of the voluntary instruments and regulatory tools pertaining to both financial and non-financial disclosures which is brought into practice of IR and communicated as a responsibility of sustainable behaviours and corporate responsibility. Henceforth, these explanations have contributed to the different forms of theories for assisting the practitioners in reinforcing the concepts of legitimacy. The integrated disclosures have also assisted the practitioners in reinforcing the legitimacy and other information associated to IR.
References
Aktas, Nihat, Ettore Croci, and Dimitris Petmezas. “Is working capital management value-enhancing? Evidence from firm performance and investments” (2015) 30 Journal of Corporate Finance
Armour, J. and Enriques, L., 2018. The promise and perils of crowdfunding: between corporate finance and consumer contracts. The Modern Law Review, 81(1), pp.51-84.
Arnold, Tom, and Richard L. Shockley. “Real options analysis and the assumptions of corporate finance: A non-technical review” (2015).
Atanasov, Vladimir, and Bernard Black. “Shock-based causal inference in corporate finance and accounting research” (2016)
Azeez, A. A. “Corporate governance and firm performance: evidence from Sri Lanka” (2015) (3) 1 Journal of Finance
Baños-Caballero, Sonia, Pedro J. García-Teruel, and Pedro Martínez-Solano. “Working capital management, corporate performance, and financial constraints.” Journal of Business Research 67.3 (2014): 332-338.
Barkemeyer, Ralf, et al. “Corporate reporting on solutions to wicked problems: Sustainable land management in the mining sector” (2015) 48 Environmental science & policy
Bena, Jan, and Kai Li. “Corporate innovations and mergers and acquisitions.” The Journal of Finance 69.5 (2014): 1923-1960.
Camilleri, Mark Anthony. “Theoretical insights on integrated reporting: The inclusion of non-financial capitals in corporate disclosures” (2018) Corporate Communications: An International Journal
Chen, Ruiyuan, et al. “Do state and foreign ownership affect investment efficiency? Evidence from privatizations” (2017) 42 Journal of Corporate Finance
Cheng, Beiting, Ioannis Ioannou, and George Serafeim. “Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.” Strategic management journal 35.1 (2014): 1-23.
Colombo, Jéfferson A., and João F. Caldeira. “The role of taxes and the interdependence among corporate financial policies: Evidence from a natural experiment” (2018) 50 Journal of Corporate Finance
Cristiano, Busco, et al. “Redefining corporate accountability through integrated reporting: what happens when values and value creation meet?.” Strategic Finance 8.August (2013): 33-41.
Dang, Viet Anh, Minjoo Kim, and Yongcheol Shin. “In search of robust methods for dynamic panel data models in empirical corporate finance” (2015) 84 (98) Journal of Banking & Finance
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Eccles, Robert G., and Tim Youmans. “Materiality in corporate governance: the statement of significant audiences and materiality” (2016) (28) 2 Journal of Applied Corporate Finance
Faccio, Mara, Maria-Teresa Marchica, and Roberto Mura. “CEO gender, corporate risk-taking, and the efficiency of capital allocation” (2016) 39 Journal of Corporate Finance
Faff, Robert W., Stephen Gray, and Kelvin Jui Keng Tan. “A contemporary view of corporate finance theory, empirical evidence and practice” (2016) (41) 4 Australian Journal of Management.
Foley, C. Fritz, and Kalina Manova. “International trade, multinational activity, and corporate finance” (2015) 7 (1) economics
Fracassi, Cesare. “Corporate finance policies and social networks” (2016) 63 (8) Management Science
Giannetti, Mariassunta, and Xiaoyun Yu. “The corporate finance benefits of short horizon investors.” Available at SSRN2723357 (2016).
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