Evaluation of research
As per the world health organization, diabetes is one of the primary reasons for increased morbidity and mortality rates across the world and every 3 in 10 people around the world is affected with or at the verge of being affected with diabetes (World Health Organization, 2017). As the disorder is associated completely with lifestyle related issues, control and prevention requires involvement of the affected people and his or her determination so that this condition could be prevented in those people (Inzucchi et al., 2012). Therefore, the question was chosen as physical activity and diet control both are lifestyle related factor and to assess their involvement in improving the diabetic condition of older people within 2 months of implication. Therefore, diet control and physical activities were interventions.
There are several research evidences available that indicates towards the benefits of physical activities in diabetic condition. In a research by Martínez-Pérez, De La Torre-Díez and López-Coronado (2013), the management of blood glucose was primarily done by focusing on the physical activity of the patients. The research revealed that due to exercise, the blood glucose level is decreased in patient with type 2 diabetes and therefore, their rate of cardiovascular diseases, increases the rate of weight loss and helps them to improve their overall wellbeing by decreasing depression and stress (Avery et al., 2016). Besides there are several type of physical activities which can be used in the care process for people affected with diabetes and such as cardio, stretching, walking, running and light weight or body weight workout, which is effective in maintaining blood glucose level in people affected with diabetes (Powers et al., 2017).
The other intervention decided in the research question is also an effective intervention to maintain blood glucose level in patients affected with type 1 or type 2 diabetes syndromes. It should be noted that researchers has indicated and organized foods in two categories which is effective in increasing or decreasing the blood glucose level affecting patients health and wellbeing (Xu et al., 2013). Controlling diet and nutritional habit has been proved to be effective in maintain diabetes condition and can help the patient by controlling his diabetic condition. Hence, these two interventions have been chosen for this research assignment to maintain diabetic condition in older adults (Colberg et al., 2016).
This systematic review related paper is based on the interventions such as physical activity and nutritional or diet control in patients affected with diabetes and targets older adults who are unable to manage their diabetic condition (NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, 2016). As the research question targets these interventions, in this section, these strategies and their effectiveness will be discussed with research of Ngandu et al. (2015). In this research the primary aim of the researchers was to determine the effectiveness of a 2 year multi-domain research intervention, like the chosen intervention group for this assessment and implementation of physical activity and dietary interventions in elderly population and for this purpose, the conducted a randomized controlled trail. This research process was double blind randomized controlled trail and the participants were 66 to 70 year old patients having diabetes with cardiovascular condition and aging with dementia. Further, the research interventions were provided to the patients randomly assigned to intervention group and control and compared intervention group (Basu et al., 2013). The study was ethically competence as the patients were provided with consent letters to provide their feedback about the process and also they were blind to their groups, interventions and research process while conducting the process (Xu et al., 2013). Further, the findings of the research determined that interventions related to these two interventions indicated to the fact that the patients who were involved in the process were able to improve their diabetic condition and hence, their health and wellbeing was improved. Further, it was also determined that these interventions require complete patient support and involvement as without that it was impossible to carry out these lifestyle related changes in the patients personality (American Diabetes Association, 2015).
Research topic
This literature review section includes three articles which are primary research articles and were included to find out the evidences to find the answer to research question and in the course this section will critically discuss the reference of other literatures to authenticate or validate the findings. It should be mentioned in this context that there are less amount of literature articles using which the interventions and its effectiveness could be determined. In this course, three primary research articles will be chosen in which one is randomized controlled trail, patient centered observational approach, and one patient centered recommendation approach was chosen for discussion in this section (Colberg et al., 2016).
The first article was by Inzucchi et al. (2012), in which the researchers conducted and patient centered observational study across countries and continents to determine effectiveness of physical activities and food or diet related activities. These interventions, chosen in this assignment was provided priority by these researchers as they were destined to find the effectiveness of these interventions in making and focused on the relation of these activities with glycemic index as in type 1 and type 2 diabetes the serum glucose level increases. Therefore, the primary aim of the researchers to find out the relation of these interventions with the decrease in glucose level in blood of patients who went through these interventions (Avery et al., 2016). Further, it was also determined that with the medication and preventive measures the rate of remission it provides with the application of chosen intervention of this assignment. The finding of this research indicated to the fact that application of intervention with patients with proper medication and healthcare interventions helped the patients to elevated blood glucose levels and therefore it is recommended to maintain the diet and physical activity level in patients affected disease (Goode, Reeves & Eakin, 2012).
The second research was about the interventions in question with health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, or other health condition (Ngandu et al., 2015). The aim of the research study was determine the ability of these interventions in decreasing their diabetic condition and improving their wellbeing (Bauman et al., 2012). For this purpose, a double blind randomized control trail was carried out with patients with 66 to 70 years of age and the intervention as applied on them so that they can understand the difference the intervention carried out in their life. It was found that the interventions helped in the remission of 20% diabetic symptoms in people who managed their diet and varied out physical activity properly (Ahmed et al., 2012).
Literature review
The third research article was about the diabetic prevention interventions which are used in the real nursing world and in this observational study the professionals from across the globe were asked about the interventions besides pharmacological intervention they carry out to make the patient condition improved and it was found that most of the healthcare professionals use the physical activity and dietary intervention to manage the patients health condition (Powers et al., 2017). Further it also mentioned that physical activity and duet related interventions are registered in most of the countries diabetes management related policies so that patients could be provided with effective and effect healthcare intervention to make patient condition and wellbeing improved (Haas et al., 2012).
These were the research articles that was chosen for the literature review of this diabetes intervention related research assignment as these articles were able to answer the research question properly by providing authentic and reliable research evidences.
This section discusses about the scope for future research aspects and determined that diabetes related interventions and their future research scope are important for this and the future generation (Rejeski et al., 2012). This is because due to change in lifestyles and acceptance of sedentary lifestyle across the world, the risk of diabetes is increasing every day. In this aspect the future researchers can find out the type of physical activity which can help the patients to control or prevent their critical health condition (Taylor, 2013). Therefore, the type of diet and exercise which is more effective in making people improve their health condition can be the topic for future research (Ali, Echouffo-Tcheugui, & Williamson, 2012).
References
Ahmed, H. M., Blaha, M. J., Nasir, K., Rivera, J. J., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2012). Effects of physical activity on cardiovascular disease. The American journal of cardiology, 109(2), 288-295.
Ali, M. K., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., & Williamson, D. F. (2012). How effective were lifestyle interventions in real-world settings that were modeled on the Diabetes Prevention Program?. Health affairs, 31(1), 67-75.
American Diabetes Association. (2015). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2015 abridged for primary care providers. Clinical diabetes: a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 33(2), 97.
Avery, L., Flynn, D., Van Wersch, A., Sniehotta, F. F., & Trenell, M. I. (2012). Changing physical activity behavior in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions. Diabetes care, 35(12), 2681-2689.
Basu, S., McKee, M., Galea, G., & Stuckler, D. (2013). Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity, and diabetes: a cross-national analysis of 75 countries. American journal of public health, 103(11), 2071-2077.
Bauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J., Martin, B. W., & Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?. The lancet, 380(9838), 258-271.
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., … & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065-2079.
Goode, A. D., Reeves, M. M., & Eakin, E. G. (2012). Telephone-delivered interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change: an updated systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 42(1), 81-88.
Haas, L., Maryniuk, M., Beck, J., Cox, C. E., Duker, P., Edwards, L., … & McLaughlin, S. (2012). National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. The Diabetes Educator, 38(5), 619-629
Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., … & Matthews, D. R. (2012). Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia, 55(6), 1577-1596.
Martínez-Pérez, B., De La Torre-Díez, I., & López-Coronado, M. (2013). Mobile health applications for the most prevalent conditions by the World Health Organization: review and analysis. Journal of medical Internet research, 15(6).
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. (2016). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4· 4 million participants. The Lancet, 387(10027), 1513-1530.
Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., Levälahti, E., Ahtiluoto, S., Antikainen, R., … & Lindström, J. (2015). A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 385(9984), 2255-2263.
Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H., … & Vivian, E. (2017). Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The Diabetes Educator, 43(1), 40-53.
Rejeski, W. J., Ip, E. H., Bertoni, A. G., Bray, G. A., Evans, G., Gregg, E. W., & Zhang, Q. (2012). Lifestyle change and mobility in obese adults with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(13), 1209-1217.
Taylor, D. (2013). Physical activity is medicine for older adults. Postgraduate medical journal, postgradmedj-2012.
World Health Organization. (2017). Noncommunicable diseases: progress monitor 2017.
Xu, Y., Wang, L., He, J., Bi, Y., Li, M., Wang, T., … & Xu, M. (2013). Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults. Jama, 310(9), 948-959.
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