The Increasing Progress of Technological Innovation
A constant dynamic technological progress has been an inevitable change in the planet earth as there has been an increasing trend in the level of technological innovation and improvement. This has been the core and typical characteristic of the centuries. As the human life increases on earth, there is an edge of change, which is mainly due to the imminent creation of technologies that tend to outcompete human intelligence. For decades, there has been an increasing innovations in the computer technologies, which brings in controversies of weather computers may at a certain time outcompete human intelligence (Muehlhauser and Salamon 20120, p.20). In reference to the computing power that prevails in today’s context, Vernor Vinge believes that there is a time to come when human history will reach a singularity and for this reason, the world will surplus the human understanding (Muehlhauser and Salamon 20120, p.20).
A point of argument comes in a situation of whether superhumanly intelligent computers that are able awake, and artificially learn with minimal programming can be made. If “yes” applies to this question, definitely, there is little doubt that the computers can outcompete the human intelligence (Omohundro 2012, p.170).
However, it is important to note that the trend of machine learning progress has consequences that comes along with the invention. The consequences may both be positive and negative. Technological singularity may basically be understood as the possible interaction of the computer technology/ artificial intelligence and the human interface in accomplishing (Sandberg 2010). This indicates a situation when the human intelligence will basically be non-biological and thousands times more robust as compared to the normal biological functioning and this is put forth by one of the leading inventors called Kurzweil Ray . On the notion of technological singularity, another theory forecasts that if humans will be able to create machines that are more genius than the human intelligence, then the machines will as well create systems that are more robust and intelligent than the ones created by humans (Müller and Bostrom, 2016, p.555).
After the 1950s, Kurzweil was motivated and inspired to form the law of accelerating returns following the intensification of the technological results that was attained more so in biotechnologies, artificial intelligence, information technologies, communication, and nanotechnologies among other. In Kurzweil’s law, he modified the ideas that were initially developed by Adams. As argued by many physicians, mathematicians, and physiologists, the increasing progress in the improvement of technology and the dynamism of human life draws an indication of reaching an essential singularity that is beyond the human capabilities and affairs.
Could Computers Outcompete Human Intelligence?
According to Eden et al. (2012), Kurzweil argues that technological singularities is due to the fact complex is changed into simple due to the exponential rhythm of technology upgrade. With the aim of defending his argument, he bases on the law of accelerating returns in which he highlights the exponential trend of innovations and inventions in technology. Furthermore, in 2005 Kurzweil agreed that technological singularity is a futuristic idea that relates to the application of the new discoveries by the scientists. That technological singularity will be manifested in the future at a point when the technological progress exceeds or outcompetes the human basic intelligence or understanding. In this case, it is absolute that Kurzweil predicts a technological singularity that will impact on the society, where the artificial/ the non-biological intelligence will surpass the biological human intelligence million times if not billion times.
Sandberg (2010) understands technological singularity as a mutual integration of humans and machines. Furthermore, the author emphasizes that technological singularity will mostly affect the aspects of Medicare due to the fact that there is continuous integration of technologies in achieving perfect and more reliable results. Over the years, there has been a continued increase of new diseases into the human life. However, as witnessed with the technological innovation and invention, scientists have been able to apply the inventions to come up with the possible cures. It is also noted that due to the technological singularity patterns, there are several negative consequences arising from such.
In the analysis of Yampolskiy (2015), technological singularity is by default due to the fact man develops intelligence machines. In the efforts of speculation that was related to the first ultra-intelligent machine of 1999, he seconded the definition of ultra-intelligent machine as a device which by far, can exceed the intellectual intelligence of human beings and activities.
The findings of Muehlhauser and Salamon (2012) indicate that the human society is heading towards yet another industrial revolution where there will will be maximum use of exponential rhythm increasing technological progress and upgrades. This will be through the substituting human intelligence with the artificial intelligence and consequently alternating the trends and activities of the society as a whole. This absolutely highlights the concempt of machine learning in the dynamic technological world.
Artificial intelligence or machine intelligence are basically used to imply the knowledge displayed by the machines contrary to the natural intelligence displayed by human beings and animals. In information technology, Artificial intelligence research is the study of intelligence agents of any device that uses its environment to analyze and take action, which maximizes its chances of achieving the set objectives (Schmidhuber 2012, p.180). Artificial intelligence is applied in cases where machines complete tasks that are related human played roles which involves learning and solving problems (Nagy et al. 2011, p.1356). In other words, machines capable of performing tasks considered to require intelligence may be regarded as artificially intelligent devices/ machines. Some of the tasks included from Artificial intelligence include optical character recognition and tasks categorized as Artificial intelligence 2017 include successfully understanding human speech, competing in a game system at the highest level such as chess, content delivery network, interpreting complex data, videos, and images among others.
Positive and Negative Consequences of Machine Learning Progress
Artificial intelligence was founded around 1956 as an academic discipline and has come across several challenges like disappointments and loss of funding termed as Artificial intelligence winter. However, it has registered success such as new approaches and renewed funding. The Artificial intelligence research has been divided into different fields of technical consideration like certain objectives, which has failed to communicate such as machinery learning, and robots and their goals are planning, reasoning, knowledge, learning among others.
The Artificial intelligence field research began at Dartmouth college workshop in 1956 with six founders and leaders where they produced different programmes such as computer learning checkers strategies, which performed better than human by 1959.
Taking a critical evaluation of the trend of machine learning and technological singularity, there is an indication of artificial intelligence, a situation where man/ humans could possibly be integrated to work interactively with machine. In the early 1950s, the discoveries of computers were still at ots early stages. In comparison to the current trend of development, from the time of computer invention, it is typically sensible to believe that technological singularity will at one point in a certain time occur. In regard to the current research findings, highly integrated machines are able to work interchangeably with the human interface.
However, it should be expected that if such a time is reached the societal ways of life will typically change and be robust. The technological singularity defines un-biological intelligence integrated I humans to be billion times more efficient and effective. This will imply that the artificial systems will literally work as machines with minimal mistakes and efficiency.
On the other hand, it is also important to recorgnize the fact that these revolutions will consequently result into negative impacts. Relating to the current machine effects, there are high possibilities of fraud and un-ethical hacking. In developing of Artificial Intelligence solutions, application of design methodologies involves methodological design which are in reference to scientific theory. In contrast, scientific theory can improve the description, prediction, explanation and management of different complications. Despite of the scientific reports presented in the Artificial intelligence journals and conferences, the Asilomar Artificial Intelligence principles are in a theoretical form and widely reported in popular Medias. The asilomar Artificial Intelligence principles were signed and formulated by many of the popular and high profile researchers in Artificial Intelligence hence easy to identify and consider the content of Asilomar Artificial Intelligence principles while analyzing Artificial Intelligence among technicians.
Kurzweil’s Law and the Concept of Technological Singularity
The current framework of Artificial Intelligence has improved the integration of technology and has enabled more Artificial Intelligence for human use. More so, philosophical thoughts have been promoted to increase on the machine ethics of Artificial Intelligence and their effect on human beings. Reports have shown that the current framework of Artificial Intelligence philosophy and research will lead to an increase in techno sphere than Geosphere that is to say the conversion and transportation of natural resources and harming of natural intelligence without promoting Multi-intelligence. This current framing of Artificial Intelligence research needs to be widened because framing provides a rational for actions, thoughts, and decisions.
The measurable outcomes from framing include an increase in research and project outputs on application, analysis, and prediction of biosphere and geosphere. These are established steps in building the theory, which provide a foundation for action and design. A further outcome could be an increase in research and project outputs that addresses the effects between individuals and the planning of large organizations example is that many individual are having at least one microchip within them that is getting chipped. In most instances, they are chipped without any specific purpose but celebrating parties held while implanting the microchips thus large organizations improving their internet of things and individuals improving the internet of the bodies (Müller and Bostrom 2016, p.560).
The current debate on Artificial Intelligence predicts its implementation future impact. Although it is argued that consequences cannot be predicted from a new technology, which is not widely spread, different opposing scenarios are being set from Artificial Intelligence implementation in the current debate (Muehlhauser and Salamon 2012, p.30). These include positive scenarios such as Artificial Intelligence will abolish human beings and take over the world, and negative scenarios like control will be difficult when Artificial Intelligence takes over and this is because Artificial Intelligence is expected to entrench throughout every day aspects. In the contrary form, Multi-intelligence could reduce on dominance of Artificial Intelligence solutions (Minsky Kurzweil and Mann 2013, p.15).
Artificial Intelligence involves diversity of hybrid beings, which in their reality involves more individuality to enable capabilities to prepare for and respond to disruptions in order to develop. The implementation and development of Multi-intelligence offers more ability for human change and future control to address the challenge of the world while applying Artificial Intelligence (Lombardo 2012, p.100).
It is argued that in future perspectives, Artificial Intelligence will become a mechanism causing effects for example consuming natural resources including human beings in order for it to fulfil its objectives. The current debate in other words focus on Artificial Intelligence being a single variable mechanism causing future consequences and then it will be the focus of the research, innovation, implementation, and development (Lahoz-Beltra 2014).
The Future of Human Interaction with Machines
Basing on the fact that machines are less dependent in the natural environment it implies the systems will not be affected by environmental hazards and thus able to complete tasks and solve problems that would not be effectively implemented by biological humans. This is a greatest advantage over human being that for them they can work for 24*7 without any pay except maintenance. With the ability to learn from the natural environment, it is expected that the machines will replace man in any task at the place of work just as it is witnessed in the current state of the society where there is extensive use of capital. Artificial intelligence has proven to replace and reduce man’s involvement in certain jobs. They can be used in any field but their work is mostly observed when it is a dangerous, boring, or competitive job (Eden et al. 2012, p.10).
If used properly, artificial intelligence have got a low error rate compared to human beings, that is to say they have incredible precision, accuracy and speed (Cole?Turner 2012, p.777). This is because artificial intelligence is more or less a machine, robot or an application hence they do as being instructed. In relation to the current trend, the achievement of technological singularity will definitely help in the reduction of fraud for example in card-based systems. They are used in different fields such as medical to give feedback to researchers and side effects of different medicines. They interact with human beings in entertainment for example displaying video games. In this way during interaction like praying games, the machines will not have bias hence their decision being fair and accurate (Cochrane 2014, p.2).
As highlighted earlier in the merits, macine learning accelerates unemployment in certain sectors for example if a machine can do a competitive work in a little time without pay, why should an employer spend a salary to pay a human being? In that instance, human beings remain unemployed (Bedau et al. 2010, p.90). There are also high costs involved in the in buying and operation of machinery. It is too high compared to that of human labor; also, the charges for purchasing and updating software are high. More so, artificial intelligence has done more harm than good for example polluting the environment. They cannot fully replace human. Machines do not have brains and life therefore cannot be human beings. They are capable of doing what they are programmed to do and may only make less adjustment over the availed command/ program (Antonov 2011)
Artificial Intelligence and its Capabilities
Conclusion
From the findings of the study, it is archetypally true that technological singularity will soon be achieved in the future to come although there is no specific/ a certain time when it will be achieved. The analysis of literature indicates that if artificial intelligence and technological singularity is achieved, there is more likeliness of the society substantially changing from the current aspect. Humans are expected to be “billion times” more efficient, effective, and robust in their operation. In the achievement of such a world context, the researcher supports the argument of Kurzweil that the invention and implementation of artificial intelligence will subsequently lead to the invention of more robust un-biological creations. It is however noticed that the invention of such a phenomenon will influence the society operations both positively and negatively. This still holds the question of whether its more advantageous to achieve technological singularity or its impact will cause more threats to the society and its operations.
References
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