Editorial 1: Biodiesel, a long term strategy for reducing foreign oil import bills
Bio-fuel or bio-diesel has been gaining popularity and attention largely in current global scenario owing to benefits and advantages it offers. It is widely being accepted that most of developed and developing countries of world are turning towards using bio-fuel or bio-diesel in order to meet demand of oil and natural gases in country as result of high level of turmoil in international crude oil and natural gas sector. The other reason which is widely popular regarding increased demand of bio-fuel is its renewable nature. The production cost of bio-fuel is as follows:
Source- srsintl.com (2018)
Recently, it is being observed globally that government of various countries are developing new policies and offering various incentives and waivers to domestic oil and natural gas sector enterprises to boost production of bio-fuel to meet fuel demand of growing middle class population of country and to reduce import bill of oil and natural gases from other countries. The voice of Enterprise understands that another main reason for shifting focus of various governments towards bio-fuel and bio-diesel is due to increased awareness among general population regarding environmental sustainability and demand for greener sources of energy. As stated by Abnisa, Arami-niya, Daud, & Sahu(2013) it’s high time that government of various developing countries shift their focus towards development of infrastructure of country regarding production of adequate amounts of bio-fuels and bio-diesel not only to reduce dependence and import costs of oil and natural gas but also to develop economy as it is known to provide employment to local population and also increase Gross Domestic Product rate of country. According to Kuznetsov, Ukolova, Monakhov & Shikhanova (2017) by facilitating development of bio-fuel and bio-diesel production facilities a country will also be able to adhere to Global Climate Control Protocol and therefore government of every country should indulge in development of new policies and providing incentives and waivers to domestic oil and natural gas production facilities to attract attention and investment towards development of such facilities. However there are opposing views too that increased bio-fuel farming could lead to increase in rural unemployment as majority of lands are operated by large co-operatives comprising of large number of farmers who would disappear. The problem identified by the opposing parties can be mitigated by government of country by providing adequate employment opportunity to those farmers. The total global bio-fuel production is as follows:
Source- BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018 (2018)
Therefore based on data and information collected by Voice of Enterprise, it can be stated that development of bio-fuel and bio-diesel infrastructure will lead to increased economic development of country as it helps in reducing oil and natural gas import bill of countries. The reduction in import will also lead to development of infrastructure of country as government could utilize money for developing other infrastructure and for national welfare. The development of bio-fuel and bio-diesel production facility in country will also lead to generation of jobs in bio-fuel and bio-diesel facilities and most important it will help in promoting environment sustainability by reducing dependence on non-renewable fuels.
Editorial 2: Transition to bio-fuel or not! An ethical dilemma
Transition to bio-fuel or not! An ethical dilemma
There has been rapid strides which have been made by various developed and developing countries regarding development of bio-fuel and bio-diesel facilities in the country in order to meet fuel demand of countries and also to reduce import bills of oil and natural gas but till date little attempts have been taken to tackle negative consequences and disruptions which are associated with widespread popularity of bio-fuel or bio-diesel. Age of Reasons understands that negative consequences which are associated with development and widespread popularity of bio-fuel or bio-diesel has outweighed benefits which are associated with widespread development of such facilities and therefore it is high time for government of various countries to identify and pay importance to such issues in order to ensure growth and development of their countries from all aspects.
Age of Reasons understands that there are several negative consequences which are associated with increased popularity of bio-fuel farming such as loss of employment sources of farmers on whose land bio-diesel farming facilities would be carried out which also creates an un-certainty regarding their future as in all possibilities they will not be retained or relocated to other employment opportunities and even if that is done, they will face difficulty in coping up with new traditions and way of life. As stated by Sukphisal & Wongsurawat (2017) another negative consequence is that increased focus on bio-diesel farming will lead to increase of food prices in country as more land will be allotted for purpose of bio-diesel production and farming than for food production purpose for human consumption. As stated by Balagurumurthy, Oza, Bhaskar & Adhikari (2013) in this crucial juncture of time it is required by government of countries focusing on bio-diesel farming to provide alternative training and employment opportunities to farmers whose lands are being acquired for bio-diesel farming purpose in bio-diesel production facility itself so that they do not face risk of uncertain future. According to Sanna (2014) the government should also ensure that the food production lands are not compromised for bio-diesel production purpose and farmers do not cultivate mono-cropping but rather focus on mixed farming to ensure high fertility and adequate availability of land for food production purposes. However there are also opposing views regarding current issues which states that rural un-employment will not take place as result of increased focus on bio-farming as bio-fuel sector company could be directed by government to provide training and employment opportunities to farmers whose lands will be acquired which would help in providing employment to farmers.
Based on research conducted by Age of Reasons it can be sated that in order to avoid negative consequences associated with development of bio-fuel or bio-diesel facilities, every government should focus on providing employment opportunities to farmers and other individuals who are affected by development of such facilities and therefore it is highly advisable that government of those countries provide training and employment opportunities mainly to farmers in bio-fuel or bio-diesel sector so that there arises no questions regarding their future uncertainty. The government should also ensure that they do not compromise food production farming due to bio-diesel farming by assigning land accordingly for bio-fuel farming so that it does not affect food production farming.
References
Abnisa, F., Arami-niya, A., Daud, W. M., A, W., & Sahu, J. N. (2013).Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char from pyrolysis of palm oil wastes.Bioenergy Research, 6(2), 830-840. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-013-9313-8
Balagurumurthy, B., Oza, T. S., Bhaskar, T., & Adhikari, D. K. (2013). Renewable hydrocarbons through biomass hydropyrolysis process: Challenges and opportunities. The Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 15(1), 9-15. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-012-0097-2
bp.com (2018) Review of world energy.Retrieved from-https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistica-review-of-world-energy.htmlAccessed as on 18/12/2018
Kuznetsov, N. I., Ukolova, N. V., Monakhov, S. V., & Shikhanova, J. A. (2017). Economic research of transfer of technologies for manufacturing high-tech production: Bio-fuel. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 8(3), 606-611. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v8.3 (19).11
Sanna, A. (2014). Advanced biofuels from thermochemical processing of sustainable biomass. Bioenergy Research, 7(1), 36-47. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-013-9378-4
srsintl.com(2018) Bio-fuel production cost.Retrieved from https://srsintl.com/technologies/esterification/ Accessed as on 18/12/2018
Sukphisal, B., & Wongsurawat, W. (2017).Challenges for the development of an integrated agro-food-energy-biochemical nexus. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 8(2), 181-205. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1915759002?accountid=30552
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