The Importance Of Leadership Styles, Workplace Environment, And Human Resource Management For Business Success

Leadership style

Discuss about the Human Resource Theories And Leadership.

In today’s context, globalization has made the work place more fierce and competitive. To run any business successfully, the leader should have equipped with leadership skills, traits, vision and direction. Apart from the leadership skills, direction. Apart from the leadership skills, the workplace environment and human resource management is vital for any business. Hence, proper knowledge of understanding the employee weakness, strength, behavior and attitude towards work is useful for a company’s success. As per the human resource theories, it is employee who adds value to the organization so they must be valued. Thus, it is evident that, stable motivated and numerable size of employee can deliver in a more effective and efficient way which is vital for the survival of the company.

Leaderhip style

Leadership style can be defined as the approach and manner of motivating employees, providing direction and implementing plans. It includes the whole pattern of implicit and explicit actions performed by the leader. Leadership has a strong influence on employee’s behavior against their work.

It is the process to influence employees to meet organizational goal and to influence them without any violence or any difficulties.

Types of leadership styles

The Autocrat or Authoritarian

 In this leadership style managers make decisions alone by themselves without any input of others. employees or subordinates only do what they are instructed to them. In this style managers possess total power and no one can challenge their decisions.

Democratic Leadership

It is also known as participative leadership. In this type of leadership style, members or employees can take participation in decision making.[1] Manager or leader aims at participation and quality and maintains good communication network with the members of organization.

Laissez-faire leadership or Delegative or Free-rein Leadership Style

In this style employees are allowed to make their decisions. In this style leaders set goals and employees are free to make appropriate decision to accomplish those goals. This leadership is often considered as one of the most successful and liberal style[2].

Charismatic Leadership style

This leadership style relies on the social skills, personal appeal, persuasiveness and charm of the leader. Charismatic leaders motivate their employees to do work or improve it in certain way. It is a trait-based leadership theory that totally emphasizes on ability of leader to convince employee to work towards particular decision. In this style employees are allowed to make their decisions. In this style leaders set goals and employees are free to make appropriate decisions.[3]

Similarly, supportive leadership is also important leadership style used by many organization. In this style leaders listen to their subordinates carefully and help them to deal with stress and conflicts with other employees.

The extent to which persistent effort is directed towards a goal is defined as motivation. In other which brings success in employee’s words, its driving force that allows people to achieve their target in their life desired job fails to perform is similar to person who is not motivated. It is the tool which brings success in employees which in turn adds to the success of the company. It important for the manager to understand his employee, so that he can keep them motivated in a right way. As in office people from different cultural backgrounds work together for the common goal of the company. Hence it is important that the motivational programs should be according to their needs, their satisfaction level, cultural and social backgrounds, and psychological conditions. According to one of the study the motivation tool is developed according to the age of the employees.[4] Employees who fall under the age group of 20-40 years are motivated by monetary incentives, job security, recognition, appreciation, education, job satisfaction, working condition. While the employee aged above 50 are motivated by appreciation, promotion, job satisfaction, social opportunities, recognition and opportunities.

Types of leadership styles

There are so many research paper, which explains how people perform, why they perform and why some people display different performance which place them in the position of leadership. Apart from the which place them in the position of leadership. Apart from the leadership style and motivation, there are other factors like personal behavior and its issues that should be considered.[5] Every individual is like another in terms of daily need of food, shelter and water for their survival. Some people may have similar personality traits which causes them to be more aggressive and dominant while other may be submissive and more passive. Lastly every individual is different when it comes to genetic make-up, their past experiences, behavior and their vision towards the world. These are the differences that make individual display different performance and behavior at workplace.

There are three most accepted motivating tools among the employees that are as follows

The main reasons of employee to work is the economy reason. The motivation of employees is increased by increasing salary of employees, providing incentive, premium earning and right to participate in profits of the company.

According to research it has been fond that using economic tools like rental, fuel and clothing aids, increase in salary and successful employees or subordinates earning premium salary increases motivation of the staff.

Organizational and Managerial motivational tools

It is another tool that is used to motivate employees. Tool such as promotion opportunities, empowerment and delegation, goal setting, participation, tanning opportunities, working at home, flexible working hours, business expansion, communication, improvement of physical condition, of enrichment can be used in organizational and managerial tools.

For example: setting goals for workers in department like production and sales is very important motivational tool. Therefore, achieving of stated goals are rewarded economically which improves the motivation as well as performance of employee and eventually leading to business growth.

Psycho-social motivational tool

The tools like independent employment opportunities, competition, compliance with the environment, career and promotion development opportunities, transfer of competence, value and status, special life respect, physiological assurance, social participation are used in psyche-social tools.

Employee working under pressure will lead to content pressure, complaints, loss of wok, escape from work and these will lead to decrease in decrease in performance and productivity level.

Similarly, stats and value change are also important motivational tools for employees. It will motivate them to work to do their status and position in company. Providing social activities like picnic events, sport activities, sight-seeing, fun or parties on special occasions at work are considered as social motivational tools that helps to motivate employees.

1.According to the research, on the effect of team leader over their employees by Gunduz Aksu concluded that team leader has significant impact on the performance of the employees[6]. As per the survey results 15% of the employees think their team leader rewards their employees, 33.6% follow their team leader because of his experience and knowledge 47.8% obey the team leader instructions for the position and 40.7 % believe their achievement has increased their desires. The survey also concluded that, majority of the employees said that the team leader involved himself in positive statements on thoughts and his feelings, 38.9% of them thought that the team leader welcomes change and innovation, 35.4% believed that the team leader is open to discussion and 44.2% of them believed that their team leader supports them why making suggestions.

Charismatic Leadership style

2.As per another study on the motivating factor of the employee by Bayrakci researched the relationship between managers behavior and employee motivation.[7] The total number of respondents two were 72, out of which 47 were women. Among those respondents, two were from secondary schools, 6 were from primary schools, 42 of high school and 22 were of them were university graduates.

The research was based on the relationship between the motivational factors and demographic variables. It can have concluded that there was no difference in the expectations of employees on the basis of gender education, age, duration of similar job the motivation expectation was similar in case of male and females regardless of the literacy level.

3.Another research was conducted on leadership style and motivational stages relevant to employees receiving on the maritime employees. The study was conducted on 470 people working in Maritime industry in Turkey. The results concluded that liberal leadership style is inversely related to other leadership styles[8]. The relationship between the emancipatory leadership   perceived by the employee with employee motivation. The leadership style like supportive were at lowest which is related to employee motivation. The employee identified the leadership style practiced by their leader was authorative.

The liberal style of leadership was not motivating for the employees. It is evident that strict command chain was established between the employee and supervisors as most of the time workers spent with managers and business associates. The research paper can be summarized that, managers who adopted liberal leadership style were negative perceive by the employees.

1. Another research by R. Gopal and Rina Ghose in a leading oil company in India examined that if leadership style is related to employee motivation. He research was conducted that; the research was conducted on 50 employees[9]. The paper concluded that the relationship between the transformational leadership style with employee motivation was significant. Transformational leadership style motivates employees. The manager who adopted transformation leadership style were motivated in comparison to one who followed interactive leadership style.
2. The research conducted by Hasim Ozudogru and Rahime Dilekin in 2012 on public and private hospitals employees found that there is significant relation between the leader who lead the employee and manager. The other conclusions of this article were 1. 68% of the employee motivation behavior were affected by leadership qualities of the managers.[10]

The managers had a direct effect on the performance of the employee and third motivation level regardless of public or private hospitals.

Table 1. Studies on Motivation and Leadership

Conclusion

Due to globalization there is fierce competition between the business enterprises in order to make their service and product better than their competitors. The factors like leadership and motivation of employee are important for the survival of the company. The proper management of human resource and appropriate leadership style can make huge difference in the effective functioning of any company. The motivation of the employee is important and the motivational program should be implemented as per employee needs, social and cultural backgrounds, satisfaction levels, psychological needs. The manager who understands his employee can launch motivation program specific to employee.

All the research conducted above concluded that there is significant impact of leadership style of the manager motivation of their employee. Hence, it can be said that working style of leaders have direct impact on the performance of his employees. Although all the studies conducted above do not provide concrete interpretation due to limited size of the respondents, firm but majority of studies had a positive outcome

References

Aksu, Gunduz. 2012. “The Impact Of Leaders On Employees Motivation2012.” Akademik Bak?? Dergisi Say? 32 :1-21.

Bayrakci, Eylem. 2010. “The Impact of Leader Behaviours on Employee Motivation.” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi 1-21.

Cherry, Kendra. 2017. What Is Laissez-Faire Leadership? August 16. Accessed April 17, 2018. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-laissez-faire-leadership-2795316.

Choi, Sanghan. 2007. “Democratic Leadership: The Lessons of Exemplary Models for Democratic Governance .” International Journal of Leadership Studies 2, no.3 :242-263.

Gopal, R, and Rima Chowdhary. 2014. “LEADERSHIP STYLES AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN A LEADING OIL COMPANY IN INDIA.” International Journal of Research in Business Management 2, no.5: 1-10.

Gül, Hasan, and Zafer Aykanat. 2012. “A RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE / A RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE.” Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences 16, no.1: 76-88.

Özüdo?ru, Hasim, and Koçak Rahime. 2012. “Motivation and Performance of Employees Leadership Features on Employees: An Apllication in Public and Private Hospitals.” Ticaret ve Turizm E?itim Fakültesi Dergisi 1: 76-88.

Saleem, Hina. 2015. “The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction and Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Politics.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences : 563-569.

Sekhar, Chandra, Manoj Patwardhan, and Rohit K Patwardhan. 2013. “A Literature Review on Motivation.” International Network of Business and Management 1, no.4 : 471-487.

Türker, M. 2014. “Employee Perceptions of Leadership Style and Motivation Level Relationship.” Örgütsel Davran??lar Kongresi Bildiriler.

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