The Role of Globalization in Higher Education
Discuss about the Learning and teaching in global communities.
In today’s modern world, globalization plays an empirical role in expanding and flourishing the business globally. Due to globalization, universities have been able to attract more students worldwide. It has increased the scope of the higher education in different countries and eliminated the knowledge gap in the developing countries. This paper explains the relationship between the globalization and higher education. It depicts that how globalization has a direct impact on the teachers, learners, and students. It discusses that how globalization may influence the educational practices in the higher education and its implications. The main objective of this paper is to outline the significance of the globalization in higher education. Globalization is significant for the universities to increase profitability in the universal market. Also, it increases the productivity and outcomes of the people. More detail of the task has been explained in the task.
Globalization is an economic process of the integration that has cultural and social aspects however diplomacy and conflicts are also significant part of the history of globalization. Globalization is the integration and extension of the cross boarder international trade, culture and investment (Kraidy, 2017). Globalization implies free flow of the products and services across the borders resulting in a segmented world economy. It helps in promoting and encouraging the social welfare and economic growth (Stromquist & Monkman, 2014).
Globalization plays a vital role in higher education. In the post world war II period, the government in the developed countries believed on the higher education for building and developing effective relationship with foreign nations. Nationalizing development is one of the important motives to establish universities in many countries in the past years. It has been noted that higher education is driven by the globalization. Internationalization is one set of behaviors affected by the globalizing processes. These processes not only include economic and political globalization but also cultural and social including educational globalization. It shall be noted that globalization is interconnected with higher education (Altbach, 2015). The higher education institutes are highly related to the global marketplace, especially in the field of the techno science. In today’s modern world, higher education institutions not only play an empirical role in national system and nation state but also in national marketplace. With structural changes in the world economy, higher education is required reform strategies and structural adjustment. One of the significant representative structural changes is to generate entrepreneurial universities. To attain international competitiveness in the global world as well as to adjust new modes of experience and knowledge production in a global community, several universities and scholars argue that universities and schools must adopt the entrepreneurial structure, values and culture. Internationalization of education involves the imparting of skills, values, custom, and knowledge that have universal application. It may be defined as a process of integrating an intercultural, international and world dimension into the objective, function, operations and delivery of the higher education. The globalization implies the cross border education taking place trough the commercial actions, cooperation projects and academic exchange campaigns and programs. Globalization is an effective and unique activity to introduce the multicultural and international outlook to fit the needs and requirements of the universal market. Apart from this, it is noted that commercial and economic rationality interests act as a reward and incentives to encourage higher education in terms of globalization. The higher education institutions may become corporate entities functioning and operating on the basis of the operating rules and principles of the global market processes (Arnove, Torres & Franz, 2012). For example, Griffith university undergraduate students are invited to apply for a 21st day tour in Japan to provide knowledge and understanding about the Japanese culture and society. It shall be noted that Griffith University and Paris summer school are participating in the overseas programs to gain knowledge and experience about the culture of different countries. Due to globalization, the universities are able to provide excellent education to the students in the global world. With the help of globalization, women can also participate in higher education and learning (Altbach, 2015). It shall be noted that multinational universities are set to dominate the future. Thus, educators and learners around the world are aware of the significance of giving students a global viewpoint and preparing them to work and live in a worldwide economy. It shall be noted that universities could play an effective and stronger role in the economic, social and cultural development of their nations. It has been analyzed that universities fix themselves the aim of rendering a truly international experience for their employees and students as well (Burbules & Torres, 2013).
Globalization as an Economic Process
Globalization of higher education is generally remarkable because it provides diversified learning opportunities to students throughout the world. Globalization not only promotes the education but also of maintaining and enhancing the quality of higher education. Due to globalization, higher education is expanding in its value to society and enrollment demand is increasing across the world. With the help of globalization, the universities cooperate and communicate across the borders. Globalization in higher education involves ample of activities including academic and student mobility with cross border, off-shore and transnational activities (Hirst, Thompson & Bromley, 2015).
There are wide effects of globalization on higher education that may affect the education of the students. Globalization increases and improves the flow of foreign direct investment and multinational companies from the developed to developing countries worldwide. It will help to develop and improve the education system in the marketplace. However, there is a fever risk of homogenizing national educational systems. Globalization also protects and encourages the national culture worldwide. After the various researchers, it has been studied that various types of skills and potential required in the knowledge such as theoretical knowledge and skill to design, vocational skills to provide support in production, technological skills and knowledge to build production. Another effect of globalization is the internalization of education. Internalization may be defined as a process of integrating and an intercultural and international dimension into the research, teaching and function of the institution. Furthermore, it has been noted that globalization promotes and encourages foreign policy of the country. With the help of globalization, a country will be apparent as friendly and welcoming to the various types of culture attributes (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2012). On the other word, it is noted that internalization will shows that country appreciates the different types of culture that are presented in the open way. It shall be analyzed that globalization improves and enhance the quality of teaching and learning in the universities. In addition, it also encourages the acceptance of different culture and integrating this in the learning and teaching process. In this way, globalization plays a fundamental role in higher education. Besides this, students can exposé to various sources of knowledge and skills around the world. This knowledge and experience will help the learners and students to understand the differences of the culture and values. Moreover, it also promotes the partnership between various universities across the world (Stromquist & Monkman, 2014). Having a common and effective language and culture will further promote the cooperation and coordination work between universities from the different nations. Accessibility of knowledge can be possible with the help of globalization. Through internet and online sources, various types of knowledge and experience are accessible on the internet. It means acquisition of knowledge and experience by the students are much easier and faster. Globalization also helps the students and teachers in their development and learning process (Holden, 2013). With the help of globalization, teachers and students can build and boost a network system to talk and communicate with each other globally. It will also help the teachers and students to generate a worldwide view of education based on their collaboration and communication with people from across the world. It is noted that globalization helps in changing the entire world. In educational terms, there is a leading and growing understanding that the neoliberal version of globalization specifically as initiated by multilateral, bilateral, and international organizations (Spring, 2014). The globalization also increases the interest of parents to get their kids admitted to foreign educational institutions at appropriate prices. Globalization also develops and boosts the skills of the students at all levels to handle and meet the demands of the increasing and improving the business environment. In this way, it can be said that globalization has various impact on the higher education in the international market. The globalization of higher education implies the mobility of institutions, students, programs and teachers crossing the national boundaries. It is becoming a market driven action including multiple providers and teachers and retaining the large number of students who are willing to purchase these services at the suitable prices in the marketplace. Higher education is becoming an effective and major global industry. The cross boarder education is becoming the means to globalize higher education (Breznitz & Murphree, 2011).
Effect of Globalization on the Education of Students
Various policy makers adopt globalization process to gain various advantages in the international market. In comparative education, the study and analysis of globalization and education policy is highly influenced by macro theoretical approaches such as globally structured educational agenda and world society theory. According to the world society theory, a wide range of common education practices and policies are implemented across the world by the government. Education policies are implied by the government and policy makers to attain various benefits in the market. The educational policies are made by the government to improve and boost the level of education in the foreign countries (Baylis, Smith & Owens, 2017).
The above diagram shows that there are four stages for implementing the education policies globally. These stages include agenda setting, policy formulation, policy implementation and monitoring and policy evaluation (Hill & Kumar, 2012). In order to improve and enhance the student learning outcomes and results, there is a focus and monitor to improve and enhance the school and classroom elements such as learning and teaching policies and strategies (Ng, 2012). It is noted that globalization creates new inputs for education policy making and explains the new issues and problems that education policy needs to resolve and address. Globalization also generates a transnational private market of education that strives against the national education providers. Globalization is one of the significant educational policies that help to good education to the students in foreign countries (Stromquist & Monkman, 2014). It is essential for the policy makers to adopt the global education policy for improving the education reforms. It is seen that there is a close relationship between globalization and education policies. Globalization plays a significant role to educate the community in the market. No country can expand and flourish without using internalization.
(Source: https://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/elemsec/job/passport/experiential.html)
If the company uses globalization process then it beak down the barriers and issues across the world. The globalization helps the enhancement of technology for coordination and communication throughout the entire world. Educational globalization provides wide range of educational opportunities for people in the world. Along with this, globalization enhances and improves the diversity of learning in the foreign market (De Wit, 2011). It has been revealed that globalization has had a fundamental impact on the education system worldwide. It provides a right and suitable path to the student for learning and understanding the culture of different countries. With the effect of globalization, the power of sovereign has been eliminated. Globalization encourages and promotes the international development of environmental sustainability. It enhances and improves the student’s capability and potential to obtain and utilize knowledge, skills and experience. Besides this, globalization improves and develops the ability of learners to assess, adopt, acquire, access and apply knowledge in order to exercise suitable judgment and to collaborate with others to make sense of new circumstances. Globalization produces and introduces an increased quantity of technically and scientifically trained and potential persons. It has been noted that emerging economy is based on the knowledge and experience as a key element of production and the companies demand the workers remain highly trained in technology and science. It encourages and promotes student to work in teams. Working in team needs students to develop and build skills and knowledge in group dynamics, persuasion, debate, compromise, leadership, organization and management skills. It has been analyzed that globalization breaks the boundaries of time and space. Using and initiating advanced information and communication technologies and resources, a new system and process of knowledge, learning and education must apply to wide range of synchronous actions and activities that aid learners and teachers in breaching the limitations of time and space. It has been analyzed that globalization meets the education, skills, knowledge and learning opportunities and barriers of information age (King, Marginson & Naidoo, 2011). It also creates and provides support to the technologists, practitioners and policy makers for the aiming of rethinking education and support instruments for the sharing of ideas and experiences in the utilize of educational technologies. It has been stated that globalization encourages experimentation and explorations to push the frontiers and learners for more effective learning. Globalization also encourages and promotes skills and intellectual assets that are essential to multiple developments and expansion at different levels. It is noted that potential feedback and opinion of globalization in education can be maximized technologies gaps between less developed countries and advanced countries. Globalization in education provides various types of opportunities to the different countries. Globalization has brought various types of changes to education system in Asia. It has been noted that globalization helps in maintaining a favorable working environment and culture in the workplace. After the various studies, it has been analyzed that globalization is generating opportunities for exchanging knowledge, social values, technology, behavioral norms, rules and encouraging the developments at different levels including organizations, communities, individuals and societies around the different cultures and countries (Maringe & Foskett, 2012). The people can share knowledge, skills, experience and intellectual assets that are essential to development and expansion of the country. It also promotes the understanding, collaboration, harmony and cooperation among the students in the foreign countries. Globalization is facilitating cooperation, communication and collaboration at different levels in the different countries. Distance learning can be done easily with the help of globalization (Moghadam, 2012).
Various Effects of Globalization on Higher Education
Due to globalization various challenges are faced by the universities and schools that have been stated below. The effect of globalization on education system and culture is a primary concern that affects the success and profitability of the universities. It has been analyzed that globalization increases the technological gaps and digital divides between less developed and advanced developed countries. It creates legitimate opportunities for the students in the foreign countries. It increase and enhances conflicts, issues and barriers among the students in the different countries (Jaumotte, Lall & Papageorgiou, 2013). Therefore, it is unable to provide knowledge and experience to the students. Along with this, it is promoting the dominant culture and values in some advanced areas as a result, it creates conflicts among the people. In the educational system, the effects of globalization influence and alter the current methods and modes of teacher education. The teachers are failed to provide good education to the students. Globalization also affects the socio-cultural attributes and nationalistic interests of nations. It encompasses a mild threat to local culture heritage and national development. The global economic pressure is handled by the teachers due to globalization (Byun et al, 2011). The main influences of globalization on education have four modes of influences. If affects the disciplinary actions and behavior of the students and teachers. Along with this globalization is exploiting the local resources and destroying the culture of people in less developed countries Inequality issues are faced by the student in the universities due to globalization. It has been noted that youngsters have jobs insecurity. They are losing their jobs due to globalization. Along with this, it has been analyzed that globalization has led to exploitation of workers. Safety standards, legislations and norms are avoided to produce cheap goods (Wilkins & Huisman, 2012). It is stated that globalization also has led to the western culture and affect the culture of the local country in developing countries such as Africa. It also creates hurdles and misunderstandings among the students in the foreign country. In this way, various challenges are faced by students while getting high education from the different countries. Political factors such as rules, regulations and norms of the different countries may also influence the higher education in the different countries (Zhao, 2012). The distance learning also creates obstacles and hurdles in the universities and loss the human touch in the teaching and learning process. The most common challenge of globalization is that it is creating a gap between the rich and poor students where the rich people are becoming richer and poor are becoming the poorer. In globalization, people come from different countries thus it causes a loss in values and traditions. It also affects the ecosystem of the country. It increases discrimination among the students on the basis of sex, gender, religious and caste (Hay & Marsh, 2016).
Globalization and Government Policy
Conclusion
On the above discussion, it can be concluded that globalization is a powerful and effective process that affects higher education in different countries. In the field of education, globalization has influenced and touched many parts of the education. The distance learning, internationalization, the new form of citizenship is most common examples of the effects of globalization in the higher education. It is noted that globalization seen to be a quite beneficial movement in term of education sector. Along with this, globalization is based in the space and notion of time. It is also essential to enhance and increase the human capital within the organization. Better skilled and educated people are able to find out their place in the different countries. Furthermore, globalization helps in maximizing the knowledge and experience of the students and learners. It has been noted that there is a strong and reciprocal relationship between higher education and globalization. Besides this, leadership skills and potential can be developed with the help of globalization. The teachers and learners are able to take effective and unique decision through globalization. Now it is recommended that the teachers should maintain proper and unique communication with students while providing knowledge and learning to students
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