Literature Review
Discuss about the Emotion recognition in children with autism spectrum.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental and neurological disorder which begins during childhood and generally lasts through lifetime (Wang et al, 2013). It is a disorder that affects a person’s communication and learning with others. Children who are affected form the disorder generally experiences challenges in learning at every levels in their lifetime. In order to provide same opportunities to all types of children, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often forced to go through same type of education setting. Transiting such children from primary to secondary school levels imposes several challenges on these children as well as their parents.
Australia faces increasing number of children with autism related disorder, such children are enrolling and going into mainstream education posts completion of their primary level education (Shukla et al, 2010). The Government in Australia is increasing setting public and private schools to include children with autism disorder along with providing support for these children. Most argue that primary education might be a challenging phase for children with autism disorder, but it helps build a stage for secondary level education. Secondary level education might be stressful for children as there is changes in environment. Secondary school helps build a platform for preparing for transiting from school into adult life. The Autism spectrum guideline provides that autism spectral disorder children need to be admitted in same schools with other children and they need to get assisted (Hayes & Watson, 2013). The scope of this analysis deals with literature analysis of this relevant issue that is faced while transiting children with autism spectrum disorder in primary levels to secondary levels. A literature review along with analysis of secondary level data has been integrated in this study.
In order to complete this study, the below mentioned aims and objectives need to be attained;
- Study Aim 1: To understand the difficulties faced by children faced with autism spectral disorder
- Study Aim 2: To study several factors encountered in children with autism spectral disorder while transiting from primary to secondary school levels
- Study Aim 3: To study several factors encountered in parents of children with autism spectral disorder while transiting from primary to secondary school levels
- Study Aim 4: To understand the scope of bullying and victimization amongst children with autism spectral disorder at schools
- Study Aim 5: To analyse the role of teacher’s in dealing children with autism spectral disorder and normal children
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental issue that influences communication and conduct. Despite the fact that a ASD can be analyzed at any age, it is said to be a developmental disorder as indications comes up in the initial two years of life (Christensen et al, 2016). Long term issues from this disorder may incorporate troubles in making and keeping connections, keeping up work, and performing day by day undertakings. ASD can be categorised into three distinct kinds, one compose is an exceptionally restricted scope of thought and conduct with extremely constrained degree for creative ability, where the individual may do redundant or custom like activities which turn into a lifestyle. The project scope evaluates transiting ADS children from primary into secondary levels at school challenges that they face (Charman et al, 2011). Along with challenges that are being faced by their parents and teachers in order to accommodate into a similar learning environment with other children.
Challenges Faced by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder when Transitioning from Primary to Secondary Education
A brief literature review is essential and critical for every study that is being conducted. In order to accomplish this study, there have been several journals and articles that have been analysed descriptively such that relevant data and information could be drawn from them (Baio et al, 2018). As the scope of the study was so huge there have been articles from various domain undertaken. Diagnosing ASD in grown-ups is frequently more troublesome than diagnosing ASD in kids. In grown-ups, some ASD indications can cover with manifestations of other emotional well-being scatters, for example, uneasiness or consideration shortfall/hyperactivity issue (ADHD). However nowadays, combination of youngsters with physical and learning challenges into standard schools has begun expanding with more mindfulness towards their troubles. As per sentiments of guardians with extremely introverted youngsters gathered by the National Autistic Society, 33% of the guardians would support their kids being taught in standard training, 33% would lean toward their kids to go to an extraordinary needs school where they could get sole consideration and the staying third favored a blend between the two circumstances (McPheeters et al., 2011). As per the National Autistic Society, guardians now need a scope of arrangement incorporating standard schools with more accentuation in assets and more schools which provide food particularly for unique needs.
The reason for ASD is considered challenging is because it is often difficult to understand. Factors that increases chances of ASD incorporate a family history of the condition, having a older parent and certain hereditary conditions (Hartley et al., 2010). Its diagnosis primarily depends on its outcome based symptoms (Huerta et al., 2012). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) re-imagined the ASD issue to be analysed these symptoms has to be identified as extreme introverteness, Asperger disorder, unavoidable formative issue not generally determined (PDD-NOS), and youth disintegrative confusion.
Children with autism faces bullying and victimization at primary level schooling in Australia. Though teacher take proactive measures to prevent any incidence, however they are often ineffective in doing so. During transition to secondary school, children are especially prone to be bullied a number of more times as at latter part of the schooling they become adults. Ekas, Lickenbrock and Whitman (2010) states that experiencing difficulty understanding someone else’s perspective or being not able anticipate or comprehend other individuals’ activities, create greater challenges for pupils going to an ordinary school with other children. Prohibitive or monotonous practices that are undertaken by ASD children may include, reusing certain practices or having uncommon practices. For instance, rehashing words or expressions, a conduct called echolalia. Having an enduring exceptional enthusiasm for specific subjects, for example, numbers, points of interest, or certainties. Having excessively centred interests, for example, with moving items or parts of articles. Getting agitated with slight changes in a schedule, Being pretty much touchy than other individuals to tactile info, for example, light, clamor, dress, or temperature. Individuals with ASD may likewise encounter rest issues and fractiousness (Matson & Kozlowski, 2011).
The Role of Teachers in Supporting Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mainstream Classrooms
Guardians’ encounters and concerns are essential in the screening procedure for youthful children. Now and then the specialist will get some information about the kid’s practices and consolidate those answers with data from ASD screening apparatuses, and with his or her perceptions of the youngster. Each child ought to get registration with a paediatrician or an early youth social insurance supplier. Extra screening may be required if a youngster is at high challenging for ASD or formative issues. Since ASD affects the mind itoccasionally happens alongside different sicknesses or learning issue. A thorough assessment of the condition might include, blood tests, hearing test and so on. The result of the assessment will bring about a formal finding and suggestions for treatment (Reichow, 2012). Grown-ups who see the signs and indications of ASD should chat with a specialist and request a referral for an ASD assessment. While testing for ASD in grown-ups is as yet being refined, grown-ups can be alluded to a neuropsychologist, clinician, or specialist who has involvement with ASD (Cermak, Curtin & Bandini, 2010). Children or adults having ASD issues is more likely to face issues with social connection and correspondence challenges, tactile issues, tedious practices with limited interests.
Regulation changes in Australia have made certain that children with ASD goes to same school with other children. While regulatory authorities have not been able to identify challenges with placing such children at school, teachers have been facing maximum challenges from having to deal with varied types of children (Tager?Flusberg & Kasari, 2013). Children with ASD have been identified with having various complaints especially related to learning difficulties, teachers cannot teach a class in similar manner. Earlier classes was conducted using mechanism and approach that assumed all children have similar mental capability. But in this case it is not the issue as children with ASD have slower learning rates. Therefore, teachers need to provide special attention to these children that might hamper learning progress in a class specially at secondary school levels. Blumberg et al., (2013) analysed that teachers often have to resolve issues related to bullying and victimization of children with ASD. Such impose additional responsibility on the teacher and might alter overall quality related to teaching quality.
A guardian has freedom of decision whether they sent their kids to standard or extraordinary schools. Over portion of the guardians who were reviewed expressed that they were not given a decision. 33% of guardians felt that they were given a chance to decide for their youngsters to be in standard schools. 59% felt that that once they their kids had achieved auxiliary school, their alternatives of picking school turned into a great deal smaller (Kim et al, 2011). They recommend that assistance for youngsters determined to have levels of extreme introvertedness at an optional school level is inadequate. Race and ethnicity evidently assumes a part in having a mental capability for decision making or not. A kid with ASD condition can all of a sudden exceed expectations in a class or have ability to compensate for its burdens. A school must distinguish the individual needs that should lay a marker for recognizing what kind of school they ought to go to and the help they should get to finish their instruction. Mental ability difficulties can present as lack of cognitive capability (Bal et al, 2010). With a few kids, cognitive issues are best tended to by a prepared word related or behavioural specialist. Understudies with ASD may likewise require greater support to take an interest in physical exercises where mental coordination is required.
Parental Views on Sending Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Ordinary or Special Needs Schools
Research Methodology is among the most vital facets regarding any study and thereby, needs thorough attention (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015). In this study, the minute sketch of the research methodology has been made where the scholar has adopted a research methodology to complete his study while meeting the objectives and at the same time, obtaining solutions for any identified problems during research. It describes the variegated features of research methodology followed by giving valid justification for selecting proper methods to accomplish the study. A research philosophy establishes the in general structure of any study while laying the underpinning facets. Any scholar has the liberty to select any of the four research philosophies namely axiology, epistemology, ontology and rhetoric research philosophies. When the scholar or researcher uses ethics and aesthetics as the most vital variables of study, axiology research philosophy is deployed. When the prime objective of the study is to defragment sequence and disposition of any specific feature from the correct area, epistemology research philosophy is adopted (Neuman, 2013). On the other hand, when the prime object is to create replica of individual understanding about reliable state of affairs and realism, ontology research philosophy can be the proper method of study. When the prime aim to interpret results for formulating judgment is to inspect problems comprehensively and also to explore all the correlated aspects, the rhetoric research philosophy is resorted. In order to conduct this study epistemology research philosophy has been adopted.
The decision of any intellectual, researcher or scholar regarding the inductive or deductive approach and/ or qualitative and quantitative approach formulates some part of the research approach. Bryman (2015) states that the research approach, in which the theories are applied for inferring results, is called deductive approach. On the other hand, when observations are made at first, then they are studied followed by deriving of results; such study is called inductive research approach, which leads to formulation of the theories.
In order to conduct this study qualitative research procedure had been selected. The qualitative research approach needs a subjective approach for a reminiscent examination where explanations to issues which are under study, are procured. The functionality and efficiency is determined by a research design which is considered to be one of the most vital elements for research methodology. A research design establishes the operational process of research.
Descriptive, explanatory, exploratory and predictive designs are four types of designs that the scholar can choose (Lewis, 2015). When a descriptive detail is needed for specific occurrences, the study needs to be done with a descriptive research design. When the scholar has to settle on the primary associations shared by the variables which are under observation, Explanatory Design is the perfect mean of study. In case there is deficiency of information, the researcher needs to explore various sources to gain sufficient information and design a concrete solution –exploratory study comes handy in such cases (Silverman, 2016 ). When the results of any explanatory research are needed to be interpreted for predicting upcoming occurrences, predictive research design comes handy. In this study exploratory research design has been adopted.
Research Methodology
In order to support research design by collecting information from the primary sources, Research Methods are undertaken for achieving research objectives. Hereby the different research methods are outlined which can be adopted by a scholar.
Data can be collected from primary as well as secondary sources. The primary or unadulterated data is originally collected to meet the specific requirements for any research which is under study whereas the Secondary Data is sourced from secondary sources comprising of the already published information. The Secondary Data was gathered from variegated sources ranging from magazines, newspapers, newsletters, journals, books, articles, internet publications and government periodicals. In order to conduct this study several journals and articles were qualitatively evaluated. The Qualitative data obtained was analyzed descriptively.
Applying relevant research methodology and collecting secondary data from several journal sources as well as website helped arrive at specific findings for the study. Research findings for the study have mostly been derived from major article findings for the study. Current regulations that implement that children with ASD should be placed with other children at par in schools have led to significant challenges for tutors as well as for parents and guardians of those children (Huerta et al., 2012). Though the policy change was to bring about at par education and remove any distinction prevalent but it was not applied taking into consideration several challenges. Deriving from the journals present, it has understood children with autism spectral disorder is bound to face significant number of challenges when placed at schools with other normal children. The below mentioned research findings will allow understanding of the several challenges faced by these children and their parents while transiting from primary into secondary schools.
- Research Findings 1: Children faced with autism spectral disorder faces various conditions ranging from intellectual disorder, ADHD, Rett syndrome, selective mutism and often childhood onset of schizophrenia. For those kids who have the scholarly ability to work in the general class, discourse and dialect aptitudes can in any case exhibit various hindrances (Tanaka et al., 2010). They may have issues communicating their own feelings and emotions also seeing and knowing how to react to those of others. This can be as outrageous as without the capacity to perceive faces and separate between various individuals, or as unpretentious as without the capacity to acknowledge and make utilization of subtlety and manner of speaking when conveying. Additional time with the privilege and steady support, they can be instructed to direct their discourse and talk in ways that don’t influence them to stand out from their companions.
It worked out that 70% of standard instructors that had been inquired about had encounters of taking care of youngsters with a mental imbalance. Incredibly 5% of the 70% had any kind of particular preparing to manage youngsters with extreme introvertedness. The examination arrived at the conclusion that most of the showing staff did not have a solid comprehension or learning of the fundamental hypothetical comprehension of a mental imbalance. Numerous stayed ignorant of the greater ramifications of the condition and numerous trusted in obsolete convictions that were either erroneous or extremely shallow. I trust that this insufficient comprehension and absence of consideration regarding youngsters with ASD makes it to a great degree trying for these kids to have any possibility of an equivalent balance with typical kids in the standard condition.
- Research Findings 2: Children with autism spectral disorder while transiting from primary to secondary school levels faces various cognitive and social challenges. Treatment for ASD should start at the earliest opportunity after conclusion (Simonoff et al., 2008). Early treatment for ASD is imperative as appropriate care can diminish people’s troubles while helping them learn new aptitudes and take advantage of their qualities. This may likewise prompt over-exactitude when deciphering something.
- Research Findings 3: Parents of children with autism spectral disorder while transiting from primary to secondary school levels are generally apprehensive in doing so. The extensive variety of issues confronting individuals with ASD implies that there is no single best treatment for ASD (Levy et al., 2010). Working intimately with a specialist or health care provider is a vital piece of finding the correct treatment. Treatment endeavours are for the most part individualized to the individual’s condition. Medications might be utilized to attempt to assist enhance certain related problems. Evidence to help the utilization of medicines, nonetheless, isn’t exceptionally strong. Autism range is evaluated to influence around 1% of individuals Male children are analyzed more regularly as compared to females.
Conclusion
Studies in this domain was not considered integral due to the absence of carefulness from educators. It was evident for the viewing pleasure of anyone passing by that they were accepting additional help which just served to feature advance the contrasts amongst themselves and their companions. This made them more awkward and angry to the way that this distinction in capacity was uncovered.
The extreme introvertedness postures inside an instructive setting will be definitely extraordinary for each youngster. A few kids are fit for taking care of general training classes with help, while others would potentially profit better from an independent classroom where they are not blended with standard. Understudies were encountering adjustments to normal methods for working and communicating that appeared to prompt a more positive ordeal of tutoring.
- Research Findings 4: Increasing number of incidents are reported of bullying and victimization amongst children with autism spectral disorder at schools. One needs to consider the safe place of the youngster, how the tyke can adapt socially to his environment and their capacity to adapt to peer weight or harassing. The indications of ASD are to such an extent that it effects affects how kids with a ASD learn (Wong et al., 2015). Every individual will have their own particular response to the learning they are presented to. Subsequently it is essential that schools set aside opportunity to suit those with inconveniences, for example, ASD and deal with every youngster’s necessities. Regardless of whether schools and classes for kids with a ASD have figured out how to devise a specific strategy for instructing particularly executed to supplement the youngsters’ extreme introvertedness, it may not be as simple to accomplish in classes where there is just a single tyke with a ASD or in classes that additionally incorporate kids with a scope of various inabilities (not simply mental). few understudies can be educated different strategies to purchase required time, including repeating of the inquiry, requesting a couple of moments, or essentially setting up a finger to connote they are considering (Peters-Scheffer et al., 2011). A. For oral addresses, understudies can be allowed to utilize a chronicle gadget or given rundown notes a while later. Any of the faculties can be included.
- Research Findings 5: The role of teacher’s in dealing children with autism spectral disorder and normal children is important. The schoolroom is the ideal setting to secure and hone social abilities. The reliable educator can do much to help advance this and energize the resistance and association of different understudies to enable to end up socially liquid both as far as emoting his or her own inclination and condition of being also with deciphering the importance and feeling inferred in the articulations, words, and activities of others. It is an oversight to expect that in light of the fact that an understudy with a mentally unbalanced inability is still scholastically capable, he or she ought to have the capacity to adapt in standard school. In actuality, as exhibited in the momentum look into, troubles in social correspondence and connection experienced by such understudies are probably going to build their presentation and powerlessness to harassing and social separation which can prompt sorrow and sentiments of not having a place. In a classroom, where kids are relied upon to shoot up their hands because of inquiries, preparing postponements can exhibit an apparently outlandish obstruction with both learning and social outcomes (Noriuchi et al., 2010). At the point when the youngster with ASD is approached, the untrained educator. On the off chance that the kid looks at one too often, it will be an incredible test to reengage him or her.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affected children faces several disorders that hampers their capability live life similar to other children. Several challenges and obstructions are faced by such children especially when they are transiting from primary to secondary levels at school. Though efforts of regulations and standards are meant at bringing such children at par, they along with their parents continues to face a wide range of challenges. They are likely to face cognitive learning capability challenges, challenges in interacting with teachers or other children and in building relationships. External challenges might be faced due to their vulnerabilities, when they are exposed to bullying or victimization. Due to such conditions parents and teachers often face difficulties in providing appropriate education to them. Thus, the major implication of this research includes in identifying that various challenges that students face while transiting from primary levels to secondary levels at school and then designing strategies to overcome them. Through several literature evaluation it was possible to arrive at the numerous challenges that are faced by children and their parents, however no conclusive strategies has been drawn to understand ways to tackle them. Therefore, primary significance research findings relate to conclusive framework drawn on that ways to tackle children and their parents facing challenges and to identify those challenges in great details. There had been no significant research journals present that could reflect on comprehensively the types of challenges faced. This study was able to pinpoint at the challenges faced during this significant stage of transition.
Reflection allows self-analysis of all challenges and lessons learned during a study procedure. A critical analysis of self is required post a study procedure that helps reveal the several learning and processes adopted during a particular study. The scope of this study had been very extensive as there are a wide number of journals that encompasses various literatures regarding autism spectral disorder. After completing this research, I feel there has been significant transfer of learning that has taken place. Earlier I did not know regarding ways and procedures to conduct a research, especially I did not know the relevance of literature review. In order to conduct this study, I had to go through several journals to understand ways in which research procedure is progressed. I had to search through various available literatures pertaining to research methodology, research design, data collection techniques and their analysis. Only after going through various relevant literatures I was able to assess and analyse the appropriate framework that would fit into my studies. Moreover, through this study I was able to comprehend a structure which needs to be encompassed for a research study.
References
A research can be conducted once it has a concrete base of literature framework as that will provide the building block for the study. Only a successful research framework can lead the research to attain its goals an objectives. Therefore, it is nearly impossible to accomplish a specific study aim in absence of a literature framework. In qualitative studies that makes use of qualitative data and deductive analysis techniques, often literary journals form the framework to provide secondary data. Therefore, selection of journals and articles for literature sources development is critical as the same will need to contribute towards data for the project. I had faced great difficulty figuring such literature sources that could help me attain goals of my study. There had been immense learning gained from undertaking this study as it was a very interesting one. While evaluating the concept of children with autism spectral disorder transiting from primary to secondary levels, there had been tremendous difficulties faced. Due to literature gap, I was not able to identify adequate number of journals that could contribute towards understanding challenges faced by children and parents while transiting in a normal primary school to secondary school. I wanted to undertake the study with the help of primary data search to collect data and information related to ASD children being victimised or bullied. However due to lack of time and sufficient resources I was not able to undertake the same. I was not able to devise procedure for the purpose of data collection from sources primary in nature. Therefore, I had to resort to secondary methods of data collection. I feel that when one collects data from secondary sources then there are several challenges that are met.
Especially challenges relate to accommodating secondary data limitations and reliability aspects into the study. Though each data collected related to figures that reflects autism children had been cross-verified to overcome any reliability based issue of secondary data. Ye I feel that this study of mine is bound to suffer from several discrepancies. Despite the fact that individuals with ASD encounter numerous difficulties, they may likewise have numerous qualities, including possessing the capacity to learn things in detail and recollect data for drawn out stretches of time. Being solid visual and sound-related students or exceeding expectations in math, science, music, or craftsmanship. Side effects of this symptom hurt the individual’s capacity to work appropriately in school, work, and different everyday issues. Therefore, I can say that ASD is known as a “range” issue on the grounds that there is wide variety in the sort and seriousness of side effects individuals encounter. ASD happens in all ethnic, racial, and monetary gatherings. Despite the fact that ASD can be a long lasting issue, medicines and administrations can enhance effects and capacity to work. A youngster may be particularly delicate to specific sounds, have a poor feeling of adjust and need profundity recognition, and/or be not able endure certain tastes and surfaces of nourishments. Indeed, even the scratching of a pencil over a bit of piece may set that tyke’s nerves on end similarly that a considerable lot of us are lessened to trembling when a bit of chalk squeaks on a board.
Individuals with ASD experience issues with social correspondence and cooperation, confined interests, and dreary practices. The rundown beneath gives a few cases of the kinds of practices that are found in individuals determined to have ASD. Not all individuals with ASD will demonstrate all practices, however most will demonstrate a few. Therefore, children experiencing such behavioural patterns are at risks from getting bullied or victimised from classmates. Children diagnosed with ASD faces social and emotional turmoil such as extremely introverted turmoil, Asperger’s’ disorder and unavoidable formative issue not generally determined (PDD-NOS). In the current amended form of the DSM (the DSM-5), these different conditions have been consolidated into one analysis called “extreme introvertedness range issue.” Utilizing the DSM-5, for instance, individuals who were beforehand analyzed as having Asperger’s disorder would now be analyzed as having a Autism spectrum disorder. In spite of the fact that the “official” finding of ASD has changed, there is nothing amiss with proceeding to utilize terms, for example, Asperger’s disorder to portray oneself or to relate to an associate gathering.
This research project conducted has revealed several insights into the topic and has enhanced my skills and knowledge pertaining to the subject matter. I was able to develop skills pertaining to research methodology, moreover I understood ways and manner in which a study needs to be conducted. This skill and knowledge enhancement of mine has provided me with immense confidence to be able to conduct research during my future course of study or even if I decide to undertake PhD. While I was searching data through children with autism spectral disorder, I was able to understand its growing trend prevalent within Australia. With newer regulations being implemented rate of admissions in schools of children with ASD is bound to increase significantly. Parents and teachers need to provide consolidated efforts for helping children overcome this situation. ASD manifestations in more established kids and young people who go to class are frequently first perceived by guardians and instructors and after that assessed by the school’s custom curriculum group. The school’s group may play out an underlying assessment and after that suggest these kids visit their essential human services specialist or specialists who spend significant time in ASD for extra testing.
There are various cases amongst the most clear reasons why mentally unbalanced kids need to be developed to an extent. I feel that having educators that know and can coordinate the youngsters with a mental imbalance has an immense bearing on whether the kids can settle themselves among their companions. Moreover contributions of the guardians should likewise be cautious so as to pick the right schools and to likewise recognize when their tyke is despondent and isn’t profiting from the learning condition. Family impact checks a ton when it comes down to kids. Notwithstanding the sort of school they go to, those with Asperger’s disorder must be educated in a situation that comprehends and cooks for mentally unbalanced kids. I feel and expect schools to be receptive to the necessities of individual kids by instructors and furthermore offer help to staff that ought to have in a perfect world some adequate foundation and preparing in distinguishing the diverse parts of extreme introvertedness and how to react to given circumstances. The nearness of an educator just hindered their endeavours to coordinate and make companions in the classroom. It appears to be obvious that an educator’s understanding is vital, as featured prior in the exposition. The educator should likewise believe in managing kids. An absence of comprehension of individual understudy’s needs brought about the educators, in this report, contingent upon right hand staff individuals to get ready work for an understudy. The last key topic to rise up out of the examination was the means by which the manner by which understudies with a ASD endeavour to comprehend and acclimatize themselves effectively into the standard school condition, set against settings in which they feel both altogether different from others yet in addition the same, and experience both acknowledgment and dismissal. Data about the grown-up’s formative history will help in making a precise finding, so an ASD assessment may incorporate chatting with guardians or other relatives. Getting a right conclusion of ASD as a grown-up can enable comprehending past challenges, recognize his or her qualities, and get the correct sort of assistance. Studies are presently in progress to decide the sorts of administrations and backings that are most useful for enhancing the working and group combination of change age youth and grown-ups with ASD.
They make a point in featuring the expanding importance of the teacher’s part in helping kids to learn. They say that educators work intimately with kids and furthermore work under regularly evolving conditions; distinctive youngsters every year and the issues they exclusively or all in all stance. They feature the significance of the educators’ capacity to advance their social and relational abilities. An early mediation into the training of a kid who experiences extreme introvertedness is best all together for their advantage. It is not sufficiently adequate to depend on the abilities of a decent educator alone, however some earlier and broad information and planning ought to be attempted keeping in mind the end goal to manage a mental imbalance. They supplement the contention that particular learning of the scope of incapacities is urgent in accomplishing the best out of instruction for those with extreme introvertedness. The examination itself was directed with a specific end goal to discover what the educators’ view of a ASD were and what preparing they had gotten and how it was being connected in the suitable setting. Though the theme had been interesting but there had been great number of difficulties faced in connecting findings of the study with those of research aims and objectives. However, I had been able to complete the study successfully in spite of the several challenges that I faced with the help of my professor. My professor guided me immensely in ways and methods to take variables and complete the study. Therefore, my success in this study is totally attributed to my professor without whose continuous support I would not have been able to complete the study.
Reference List
Bal, E., Harden, E., Lamb, D., Van Hecke, A.V., Denver, J.W. and Porges, S.W., 2010. Emotion recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders: Relations to eye gaze and autonomic state. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 40(3), pp.358-370.
Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D.L., Maenner, M.J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., Kurzius-Spencer, M., Zahorodny, W., Rosenberg, C.R., White, T. and Durkin, M.S., 2018. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 67(6), p.1.
Blumberg, S.J., Bramlett, M.D., Kogan, M.D., Schieve, L.A., Jones, J.R. and Lu, M.C., 2013. Changes in prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder in school-aged US children: 2007 to 2011-2012 (No. 65). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
Bryman, A., 2015. Social research methods. Oxford university press.
Cermak, S.A., Curtin, C. and Bandini, L.G., 2010. Food selectivity and sensory sensitivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 110(2), pp.238-246.
Charman, T., Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Chandler, S., Loucas, T. and Baird, G., 2011. IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders: data from the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Psychological medicine, 41(3), pp.619-627.
Christensen, D.L., Bilder, D.A., Zahorodny, W., Pettygrove, S., Durkin, M.S., Fitzgerald, R.T., Rice, C., Kurzius-Spencer, M., Baio, J. and Yeargin-Allsopp, M., 2016. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among 4-year-old children in the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 37(1), pp.1-8.
Ekas, N.V., Lickenbrock, D.M. and Whitman, T.L., 2010. Optimism, social support, and well-being in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 40(10), pp.1274-1284.
Hartley, S.L., Barker, E.T., Seltzer, M.M., Floyd, F., Greenberg, J., Orsmond, G. and Bolt, D., 2010. The relative risk and timing of divorce in families of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(4), p.449.
Hayes, S.A. and Watson, S.L., 2013. The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 43(3), pp.629-642.
Huerta, M., Bishop, S.L., Duncan, A., Hus, V. and Lord, C., 2012. Application of DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder to three samples of children with DSM-IV diagnoses of pervasive developmental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(10), pp.1056-1064.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), pp.473-475.
Matson, J.L. and Kozlowski, A.M., 2011. The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), pp.418-425.
McPheeters, M.L., Warren, Z., Sathe, N., Bruzek, J.L., Krishnaswami, S., Jerome, R.N. and Veenstra-VanderWeele, J., 2011. A systematic review of medical treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 127(5), pp.e1312-e1321.
Peters-Scheffer, N., Didden, R., Korzilius, H. and Sturmey, P., 2011. A meta-analytic study on the effectiveness of comprehensive ABA-based early intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), pp.60-69.
Reichow, B., 2012. Overview of meta-analyses on early intensive behavioral intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 42(4), pp.512-520.
Kim, Y.S., Leventhal, B.L., Koh, Y.J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., Lim, E.C., Cheon, K.A., Kim, S.J., Kim, Y.K., Lee, H. and Song, D.H., 2011. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(9), pp.904-912.
Levy, S.E., Giarelli, E., Lee, L.C., Schieve, L.A., Kirby, R.S., Cunniff, C., Nicholas, J., Reaven, J. and Rice, C.E., 2010. Autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring developmental, psychiatric, and medical conditions among children in multiple populations of the United States. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 31(4), pp.267-275.
Noriuchi, M., Kikuchi, Y., Yoshiura, T., Kira, R., Shigeto, H., Hara, T., Tobimatsu, S. and Kamio, Y., 2010. Altered white matter fractional anisotropy and social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder. Brain research, 1362, pp.141-149.
Neuman, W.L., 2013. Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Pearson education.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T. and Baird, G., 2008. Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), pp.921-929.
Shukla, D.K., Keehn, B., Lincoln, A.J. and Müller, R.A., 2010. White matter compromise of callosal and subcortical fiber tracts in children with autism spectrum disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(12), pp.1269-1278.
Tager?Flusberg, H. and Kasari, C., 2013. Minimally verbal school?aged children with autism spectrum disorder: the neglected end of the spectrum. Autism Research, 6(6), pp.468-478.
Tanaka, J.W., Wolf, J.M., Klaiman, C., Koenig, K., Cockburn, J., Herlihy, L., Brown, C., Stahl, S., Kaiser, M.D. and Schultz, R.T., 2010. Using computerized games to teach face recognition skills to children with autism spectrum disorder: the Let’s Face It! program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(8), pp.944-952.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Wang, L., Christophersen, C.T., Sorich, M.J., Gerber, J.P., Angley, M.T. and Conlon, M.A., 2013. Increased abundance of Sutterella spp. and Ruminococcus torques in feces of children with autism spectrum disorder. Molecular autism, 4(1), p.42.
Wong, C., Odom, S.L., Hume, K.A., Cox, A.W., Fettig, A., Kucharczyk, S., Brock, M.E., Plavnick, J.B., Fleury, V.P. and Schultz, T.R., 2015. Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A comprehensive review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(7), pp.1951-1966.