Symptoms and Causes of Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic illness. Type 2 diabetes is mutilation in the way the body synchronizes and utilizes glucose (Oguntibeju, 2019). The condition thus causes the bloodstream to have excessive sugar. In type 2 diabetes, there are majorly two interrelated difficulties that the body deals with. First, the pancreas does not produce adequate insulin. Insulin is a hormone that controls the distribution of sugar into the cells. Second, the cells counter weakly to insulin and absorb less sugar (Indoria & Rathore, 2018). The illness is corporate in older adults which are observed in the case study where Kathleen is a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with an enduring disorder. Type 2 diabetes has no cure but can be managed especially through correct dieting and exercising. If diet and exercise alone are not enough to manage the blood sugar, patients may require diabetes medications or insulin therapy. As per the case study, Kathleen is hospitalized and taking regular medication to manage her condition. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are so mild and sometimes they are hard to be noticed. Some of these symptoms are, yeast infections, being irritable, feeling thirsty frequently, blurry vision, uncertainties, increased hunger, altered mood swings, wobbly memory, and worries among others (Xu et al., 2018). Similarly, Kathleen is experiencing such symptoms. She is reluctant to attend hospital check-ups. Kathleen complains of a lack of attention from the attendants and is also worried about her privacy based on her current condition.
Successful Type 2 diabetes care needs an efficient tactic to support patients. Three major factors outline practical strategies to achieve care for patients with the condition. The first key factor is optimizing provider and team performance. The care team should spotlight sensible and applicable amplification of lifestyle and pharmacological therapy for patients who have not achieved beneficial levels of blood glucose regulation. Approaches like categorical goal setting with patients, recognizing and tackling language, proficiency, or ethnic obstacles to care incorporating evidence-based guidelines and clinical information tools into the process of care, and incorporating care executive teams including nurses, pharmacists, and other providers can optimize provider and team behaviour and thus catalyze cutbacks in the diabetic condition (Aronson et al., 2020). The care provided should therefore provide a conducive environment for Kathleen to feel safe while sharing her information about the condition.
Supporting patient behavior change is another key factor for optimal care delivery for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Effective diabetes care obliges a logical approach to supporting patients’ conduct modification exertions, incorporating; First, healthy lifestyle deviations such as physical activity, healthy eating, smoking termination, weight management, and effective coping. The second illness is self-management which includes, taking and controlling. Thirdly, prevention of diabetes complications. That is, self-monitoring of foot health; active participation in screening for eye, foot, and renal complications; and immunizations (Mogre et al., 2019). The care provider is therefore obliged to educate Kathleen on the importance of going for hospital check-ups to keep up with her condition. This supportive behavior change will be effective in helping Kathleen in ceasing her smoking behavior which is a great threat with a diabetic condition.
Keys To Achieving Optimal Care for Type 2 Diabetes Patients
The final key factor is fluctuating the care procedure. In every successful institution, their priority is the provision of high-quality care. Therefore, appropriate changes advance the quality of care for patients with Type 2 diabetes. These changes include; expansion of staff responsibilities and implementing more intensive disease management strategies, redesigning the care process, and educating patients. Implementation of patient-cantered home care show promising improved outcomes through coordinated primary care. This approach can be effective as per Kathleen’s story who does not prefer going to the hospital. It is the significant importance of educating Kathleen on setting reminders on the time of taking medications since she often forgets. Optimal diabetes management needs a strategic and efficient tactic while involving a harmonized team and operational in a setting where patient-cantered high-quality care is a primacy (Powers et al., 2020).
Contemplating the detail that diabetes is an acute and costly disease, a high financial burden should be borne by the patient, his family, society, and the country. This value is increasing due to an upsurge in diabetes. The ingrained nature of diabetes critically upsets the patient’s body, temperament, and socio-personal functions. Consequently, a vigilant assessment of the patient’s health and life quality is crucial. Diabetes poses a threat to patients’ life quality and causes chronic magnitudes. Empowerment is an optimistic impression that denotes the patient’s facilities, capacities, and adjacent environment. Empowerment is both a process and a consequence and is obtained by the interface between people and triggers interactive and intrapersonal communications. Nurses can therefore facilitate empowerment through guidance and encouragement (Madmoli, 2019). There are varieties of preferences available including stipulating intelligence sheets, multimedia programs, applying information technology, and skill-building such as a diabetes self-management program. The initial step that nurses should take in gaining respect and meeting patients’ necessities or inclinations is to solicit their opinions and heed the patient’s ideas.
Self-efficacy is a crucial concept in empowerment. Self-efficacy is a cognitive construct that contrasts instrumental behavior demand with personal abilities. Thus, to enhance self-efficacy nurses need to apply various strategies to ensure the patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes meet the concept. For instance, making the patient feel prosperous in executing innovative skills is significant. It is also important for the nurse to break down the inclusive tasks of behavior revolution into reduced and more adaptable subtasks that are easy for the patient to tackle one at a time. The care provider should thus encourage the patient to set more manageable goals (Hailu et al., 2019). For instance, the nurse can advise Kathleen on how to reduce her frequency of smoking rather than focusing on a distant end goal of completely stopping smoking. The care provider can also enhance self-efficacy by giving Kathleen positive feedback based on her behavior.
Self-management is a procedure of effectively engaging in self-care activities to improve a patient’s behaviors and well-being. By self-management the nurse should therefore educate the patient on; meal planning, planned physical activity, monitoring blood sugar, taking medications, and managing episodes of illness. To enhance self-management in diabetes, the configuration of patient-provider relation must be mutual to enhance a rapport that results in huger patient approval, devotion to treatment strategies, and amended health upshots (Carpenter et al., 2019). For instance, enacting physical activity and meal planning in Kathleen’s schedule will be significant in managing her weight.
Patient Empowerment through Guidance and Encouragement
There are various recommendations for patient care using resources available within Hillston health centre in Australia. Policy fabricators and governors should embrace patient-cantered care as an aspect of an attribute in its own right in premeditated and other policy certification. Patient assessment tools ought to contain a primary set of items consistent at a national level to facilitate the codification and evaluation of patient care understanding data in a dominant health institution. Additionally, Patient inspections used to evaluate patient care proficiency should comprise questions explicitly directing predictable patient-cantered care domains and gauge more than patient gratification. To progress transparency, Australian policymakers and watchdogs should construct data concerning patient care experience in health services widely accessible through websites. The health institutions should also advance and instrument guidelines and actions for linking patients, families, and careers in their care and, at a service level, in policy and program development, quality improvement, patient safety initiatives, and healthcare design. Also, it is important to implement training strategies fitted to build the capacity of all staff to support patient-cantered care. The health facility should also encourage a sophistication of learning within the corporation, correspondingly learning from achievements and flops, including appalling events, to promote patient-cantered care.
Various challenges may arise while implementing the stated recommendations. For instance, the government is reluctant, and thus it is challenging to for the attribution of a well-planned policy certification to achieve the concept of centralizing all the services to the patients. The tools used in the evaluation of patients are not reliable following the national level thus this is an obstacle in the categorization and assessment of patient care proficiency. Recently it is quite difficult to achieve the satisfaction of patients since many patients are not compliant while indulging in questions. They feel the intrusion of their privacy. Such incidents make it difficult to implement patient-oriented care purviews. The health institution does not practice team building and empowerment of their staff hence many care providers are reluctant to learn from their failures based on managing the patients. Hence it is difficult to corporate the measures of effective patient-based care.
In the future, various nursing actions are necessary for the attainment of patient-centered care. Upholding independence in older people or renovating and inspiring self-management in those with chronic conditions are ways of rising health-related quality of life and at the same time may achieve cost savings. Nurses should often carry out these actions of home visits protracted over a given period to follow up on the diabetic patients. The outcomes may be defined as good clinical results, patient gratification, and saving on cost (Kuipers et al., 2021). Additionally, future randomized controlled trials should describe nurses’ intercessions and educational backgrounds to facilitate duplication. Randomized skilful experiments operating the Health Technology Assessment method would authorize appraisal between studies and be a noble basis for prospect decision-making (Miyamoto et al., 2018). Finally, in the training of nurses, provision of value and measuring the effectiveness of nursing care should mandatory. In enhancing, patient-based care, evaluation of nursing care actions and prevailing results are crucial. This will help to conceptualize the intellectual capacity of the registered nurses. Thus, it will be effective in conveying healthcare aids based on a distinct form of acquaintance (Alhalal et al., 2020).
References
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