Public Service Motivation
Discuss about the Motivation and Its Theories.
Motivation is not a limited concept. It is a multidimensional concept with application and use in various fields. It is often believed that, private organizations who are generally profit oriented tend to use the tool of motivation in order to instigate their employees to work harder for the welfare of the organization. However, it is not known that motivation has a major role to play in public services as well. The author has based his research on the topic related to Public Service. The author states that public service motivation is a growing topic of discussion and that it is under constant scrutiny. However, only measurement and models have been used rather than concepts. Hence, the primary aim of the given paper is to research upon the concepts related to public service motivation based on the underlying concepts of parsimony, differentiation, depth and resonance.
The paper concludes that there can be a better research present on the explanatory power of the Public Service Motivation Theory. The paper also provided certain suggestions for the different research programs which possess the scope to improve the theory stated.
Although motivation is a fairly popular concept in the business organization, it holds utmost relevance in the educational field as well. With the advent in technology and a further stress on improving the overall development of the students in the given domain. For this purpose there have been flipped classroom approaches where the traditional lecture style has been replaced by active in class tasks and post work. The given paper throws light on the how the given approaches might increase the motivation of the students and provide them a balanced development. The paper introduced the concept of flipped classroom approaches and further laborers on the less evidence that is available on the consistency of the concept.
The paper aims to provide a proper definition of the chosen concept and attempt to fit it with some propositions. These propositions have formed the basis of the research and forms a structure of the given study. The author has tried to build a theoretical argument about how the given approach can improve the motivation of the student and maintain balance. It was concluded that more related research is required into the given field.
The given article follows a deep analysis and research on the different theories of motivation. It also integrates the leadership as a concept and its close association to motivation. The authors have tried and covered all relevant aspects of all concepts of motivation and the article follows a section based approach. The article discusses organizational behavior and its connection to motivation. The first section is a scientific approach to the theory and concept of motivation which has been followed by the section covering motivation. In the given section the theories of motivation have been discussed extensively.
Flipped Classroom Approaches and Student Motivation
The last section of the given article is based on leadership and it provides a brief into the various theories of leadership and the link between leadership and motivation. The primary purpose of the author is to provide the readers with a deep insight into the concept of motivation and relate it to the various practical examples of organizational behavior.
Motivation is a dynamic concept whose references are found in various sectors of a business. According to previous researches, tourists are considered to be a critical part in creating experience for the different value offering identities. The given paper aims to draw attention towards an integrated approach which will go a long way in understanding the experiences of a student. The primary aim of the given journal is to find theoretical as well as empirical evidence of the underlying relationship between involvement, motivation and the experienced which is derived out of a given destination.
The study has used the methodology of tourists in Norway and conducting the research between the three different components. The findings of the given study drew light on the fact that motivation and involvement which is related to a tourist`s experience and furthermore, motivation of the tourists has a direct impact on the involvement of the tourists. Hence, it was advised that for this purpose the tourists must be motivated so that they endeavor in value creating activities which are beneficial for the industry.
Motivation is of two types; intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Drawing on this concept it can be said that it is often the intrinsic motivation that tends to drive the innovation and influence others to work effectively. Hence, the primary aim of the given paper is to drive attention towards the cognitive evaluation theory. Using the given theory, the given paper has proposed a model to understand the manner in which the ethical leadership in an organization holds the tendency to influence and employee’s innovative behavior at work.
The procedure followed by the authors were quite simple. They conducted a research with a sample size of 302 employees from 34 different work units in China. The data and responses then collected from them portrayed a multilevel analysis to examine the hypothesis. As per the results, it was reflected that innovative work behavior and other positive feedback was largely related to the perception of leadership and on the other hand intrinsic motivation formed the basis of the relationship between group leadership and ethical leadership. The theoretical and practical implications were then discussed.
Cognitive Evaluation Theory and Ethical Leadership
Students often need to be motivated by their teachers and the parents in order to study well and prosper in their career. All the educational institutes worldwide face issues with respect to the challenges which are presented to them by the students who often struggle in order to learn and connect themselves with the leaning curriculum. Such children often have special needs which tend to restrict them and leads to a blockade in their development and growth.
The given article tends to present and review the challenges which the students face in the present day curriculum. The article has reviewed various ways in which the students can be motivated and engaged in a rather positive manner to participate in the learning process. Although the teacher and mentor has a great role to play in the learning process, it is actually the student who is required to participate effectively in the learning process which will in turn be beneficial for the entire community as well as the child. After proper analysis, certain recommendations for their improvement have been provided. These strategies which have been suggested are based on theoretical considerations and well explained examples.
Motivation, being a wide concept has various theories under its realm. Having said this, it can be stated that recent trends reflect that Lifespan perspectives act as an important theoretical foundation and framework for the empirical investigations that take place. These are effectively relayed to the study of ageing and work. Although various studies are present who tend to provide a review of the different literature which is available on the given topic, it is crucial to understand the perspective and hence the thinking based on lifespan was considered to be a relevant example of this. The paper summarizes different lifespan theories and each of these summaries are preceded by qualitative reviews of empirical investigations.
It was found that there were several gaps preset in the study and that the lifespan theories are often not understood very well. After the analysis was done, various theories on the understanding and a guidance on the given study was recognized. The author has provided various guidelines for the future studies and thus, several possible points of integration among different theories were offered based on the predictions. The given work could be effectively used for advanced research in the similar field.
Amongst the various theories related to motivation, the Herzberg`s two factor theory is one of the most popular theories related to Motivation. Under the given realm, the founder of the given theory identifies a difference between the motivation factors and the hygiene factors. It is believed that this is very useful in the business domain as these factors tend to have an impact on the hob satisfaction. According to the author, the Hygiene factors are considered to be less important than the motivation factors with respect to job satisfaction. The hygiene factors are primarily related to the need to any need to avoid discomfort of the motivation factor is based on the need of the individual for self-growth and actualization. Hence, the given study effectively aims to research on the different studies available in this concern and analyses whether the given factors are connected to job satisfaction in reality. It was found that the theory was a real fir and explained the phenomena of the satisfaction related to a job.
Motivating Students in the Learning Process
The given article is based on Herzberg`s motivational theory and it was found that the given theory has relevant importance in the domain of motivation. Thus, as stated earlier, the Herzberg`s theory has two relative factors named Hygiene factors and Motivating factors. The paper begins to define the primary difference between the two given factors and seeks to determine the difference between them. Furthermore, the primary objective of the given study was to find out whether job satisfaction and the motivation factor of the University teachers was greatly dependent on the hygiene factors or the motivational factors.
For the purpose of the study a sample test was undertaken which aimed to find the results using the teachers in the public sector universities in Pakistan. A total of 300 university teachers was used for the study and a developed questionnaire was used. It was observed that the teachers were satisfied by both the hygiene factors as well as the motivational factors. The methodology adopted involved using various statistical tools. The teachers seemed to be pleased with the job and hence, the paper concluded with the recommendation that the management needs to fulfill all hygienic factors to be successful and improve the teacher`s performance.
The Maslow`s hierarchy theory has five basic levels. Each of these levels pertain to different needs being present in an individual. The Maslow`s hierarchy theory follows structure whereby the basic needs of the individuals are covered. These needs are needs related to physiology, safety and security, belongingness, self-actualization and esteem. The given paper aims to derive operational definitions out of the given needs and created various new measures based on these. Furthermore, these are assessing the satisfaction of each need, drawing personality measures and testing the ability of each need to predict the advanced level need.
The methodology used involved conducting psychometric tests with a questionnaire and suing 286 respondents to do so. The scales found significant positive correlations and this concluded that as each lower need was satisfied, the more the higher level needs were also satisfied. Lastly, the multiple regression analysis also revealed the fact that the higher level need can be easily predicted by statistical tools and that the hierarchy is related.
References
Taormina, R.J. and Gao, J.H., 2013. Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs. The American journal of psychology, 126(2), pp.155-177.
Abeysekera, L. and Dawson, P., 2015. Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research & Development, 34(1), pp.1-14.
Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L. and Maude, P., 2017. Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Life Science Journal, 14(5).
Bozeman, B. and Su, X., 2015. Public service motivation concepts and theory: A critique. Public Administration Review, 75(5), pp.700-710.
Ghazi, S.R., Shahzada, G. and Khan, M.S., 2013. Resurrecting Herzberg’s two factor theory: An implication to the university teachers. Journal of educational and social research, 3(2), p.445.
Kanfer, Ruth & Chen, Gilad. ,2016. Motivation in organizational behavior: History, advances and prospects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 136. 6-19. 10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.06.002.
Prebensen, N.K., Woo, E., Chen, J.S. and Uysal, M., 2013. Motivation and involvement as antecedents of the perceived value of the destination experience. Journal of Travel Research, 52(2), pp.253-264.
Rudolph, C.W., 2016. Lifespan developmental perspectives on working: A literature review of motivational theories. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(2), pp.130-158.
Taormina, R.J. and Gao, J.H., 2013. Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs. The American journal of psychology, 126(2), pp.155-177.
Wery, J. and Thomson, M.M., 2013. Motivational strategies to enhance effective learning in teaching struggling students. Support for learning, 28(3), pp.103-108.
Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees’ innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), pp.441-455.
Ghazi, S.R., Shahzada, G. and Khan, M.S., 2013. Resurrecting Herzberg’s two factor theory: An implication to the university teachers. Journal of educational and social research, 3(2), p.445.
Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L. and Maude, P., 2017. Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Life Science Journal, 14(5).
Rudolph, C.W., 2016. Lifespan developmental perspectives on working: A literature review of motivational theories. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(2), pp.130-158.
Wery, J. and Thomson, M.M., 2013. Motivational strategies to enhance effective learning in teaching struggling students. Support for learning, 28(3), pp.103-108.
Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees’ innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), pp.441-455.
Bozeman, B. and Su, X., 2015. Public service motivation concepts and theory: A critique. Public Administration Review, 75(5), pp.700-710.
Prebensen, N.K., Woo, E., Chen, J.S. and Uysal, M., 2013. Motivation and involvement as antecedents of the perceived value of the destination experience. Journal of Travel Research, 52(2), pp.253-264.
Kanfer, Ruth & Chen, Gilad. , 2016. Motivation in organizational behavior: History, advances and prospects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 136. 6-19. 10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.06.002.
Abeysekera, L. and Dawson, P., 2015. Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research & Development, 34(1), pp.1-14.
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
