Incrementalism
Discuss About The Variation Of Intentions In Moral Judgment?
As per my opinion, this video explains the way in which people should treat each other and live their lives. The video tells about the thinking of Aristotle, which says that all people have right to live their lives on their own way. One person’s perception shall not run the life of other person (Youtube 2018). In short I see it as our life is simply influenced by people and their views. For instance, if we take the example of a kindergarten, we often hear people saying that “no that’s not right”, “please don’t do this” or stop. Let’s just think that who said that what we are doing is right or wrong. Everything is right in my perspective unless until it is not harming the interest of any person or is unethical (Korsgaard 2014).
The difference between a moral agent and a subject of moral worth is that a moral management has a power to intentionally harm some other person whereas subject of moral worth refers to those people who can easily be affected by the people who have powers to rule them like, pets, kids, and natural resources. Further as per my views a moral agent is a person who works for the betterment of the whole community and do not harm the subject of moral worth. The moral agents should justify their roles by holding on their responsibilities and they should understand their role and work on them. I believe that the environment will then become peaceful with such acts.
This presented video says that we should never look at things as wrong or unethical, all such things are just grey’s which have something wrong in them. People feel that they have a good moral character which makes them believe that all the decision which they make is based on good choices only (Schwartz 2017). Cynthia Cooper, whistleblower of the WorldCom fraud said that people do not wakeup just another day and think that from now they will start their life of crime. But it is natural ongoing process which keeps on increasing day by day and this activity is called Incrementalism (Youtube 2018).
So, as per my opinion Incrementalism is a slow going process of reaching towards bad and increasing the count of unethical activities day by day. Like, on the initial level a person is using office appliances and is taking them home for personal use. But then gradually this becomes their habit and they start to do this often. So increase in such unethical habits is wrong; also it does make a person feel that they are doing something wrong which is unjustifiable. Gino and Bazerman experimented a similar concept on human and found that people unconsciously do some act relating to unethicality and they slowly slip into that (Bendor 2015). And the toughest part of this process is that people do not actually realize that what act is unethical. They feel that they are doing this from long time and it cannot be wrong or unethical. So, the best way to stop is that starting thinking before initiating any activities in regular life,
Fundamental Moral Unit
The presented video talks about the fundamental moral unit which says that one is person is always looking for themselves only but in the overall picture it is not just about you. There are many different aspects which are looked after, while making an ethical decision. So, the considerations which are favored by the theories are called fundamental moral unit. Further the video states that most of the people believe that the whole concept of the world is based on individuals where it is all about one person’s beliefs and ethical theories (Barrett, et. al., 2016). Further according to me the concept of moral unit relates to the thinking under which a person should analyze, that whether their activities initiated in the environment would affect others and if they would affect them in good or a bad way. In relation to this I came to know many theories which relates to the moral of unit. Like, an indigenous theory says that all natural human being and species have their right to co-exist in the environment; further people growing in such environment believe that they will sacrifice their aspirations for the good of other people and the whole community on a whole. So, the fundamental moral unit in this case is the ‘aggregate good’ (Youtube 2018).
Thus, as per opinion, one person cannot always think of doing all good things for individual and believes that along with individual it will get better for the community as well. So, in this case I think that a person need to analyze correctly the situation and then act upon them to provide good for the future.
The presented video says that it is hard for a person to always do ethical activities. The white collar people always says that ‘what was I thinking’ which initiating any unethical activity. Many times people face this situation where they do not understand what to do and where to go. That when they do what their instinct says, and at such point of time the gut feeling always tells to do what is right for them. So, in order to keep ourselves safe we will do whatever our gut feeling tells us to do without even realizing the ethical dimension behind the case. And one shall notice this fact that all such decisions are just made automatically without even thinking (Cheng, and Flasher 2017). Further the video states that many times when our mind turn off the senses of performing morally in some cases which are called moral disengagement. Moral disengagement mitigates the sting of unethical decision. It allows us to suspend our personal code of ethics and yet continue to view ourselves as an ethical person. So, one can secure them by being vigilant and monitoring the situations by rationalizing our actions performed in the society (Youtube 2018).
Ethical Fading
Further talking about my case, many times when I feel this kind of ethical dilemma; my mind automatically shows me ways where I can perform ne act and save myself from the whole situation. At that specific time only my emotional mind works but not my cognitive and rational. So, this is what I believe is ethically wrong and the ethics is fading from my nature.
The presented video talks about the results in which people are focusing rather than looking at the whole phase of moral ethics. Like, a person is working in a teaching job where he is introducing a new course for the students. So, the priority of the teacher should be to provide a course which increase the mental skills of the person and provide them efficient knowledge as well. But this will marketing the course tough for the students to pass which will defame the image of the teacher. So, in this case instead for providing adequate knowledge to students, the teacher checks the paper leniently and gives them a pass grade. So, this is conflicts of interest where the tutor thinks of their personal benefit instead of benefitting the society on a whole (Youtube 2018).
Relating it to my personal experience, many times I face circumstances where get good grade by cheating from other person’s answer sheet. But this way will not lead me to attain adequate knowledge which is required for the course; this can be regarded as my conflicts of interests where I look at the results rather than the value gained by me through regular studies. So I believe that people should work with honesty and integrity to focus on their interest. There are many choices present in the environment but the most important choice is one which is ethically justifiable and it good for the community in which we prevail. Thinking twice for a decision is better than regretting afterwards (Connor, and Shafiq 2016).
Thus in the limelight of above mentioned events, it shall be noted that ethics and morality are two important aspects in ethics. The above mentioned clips help an individual to gain knowledge about ethical activities which shall be implemented in our regular lives.
References
Barrett, H.C., Bolyanatz, A., Crittenden, A.N., Fessler, D.M., Fitzpatrick, S., Gurven, M., Henrich, J., Kanovsky, M., Kushnick, G., Pisor, A. and Scelza, B.A., 2016. Small-scale societies exhibit fundamental variation in the role of intentions in moral judgment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(17), pp.4688-4693.
Bendor, J., 2015. Incrementalism: Dead yet flourishing. Public Administration Review, 75(2), pp.194-205.
Cheng, C. and Flasher, R., 2017. Two Short Case Studies in Staff Auditor and Student Ethical Decision Making. Issues in Accounting Education.
Connor, A.J. and Shafiq, A., 2016. Conflict of interest. Eye, 30, pp.1401-1403.
Korsgaard, C.M., 2014. The constitution of agency: Essays on practical reason and moral psychology. Oxford University Press, USA.
Schwartz, M.S., 2017. Teaching Behavioral Ethics: Overcoming the Key Impediments to Ethical Behavior. Journal of Management Education, 41(4), pp.497-513.
Youtube., 2018. Conflict of Interest. Viewed on January 31, 2018 from < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnRpMQvW_ow>
Youtube., 2018. Ethical Fading. Viewed on January 31, 2018 from < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSHpeg1XLA0>
Youtube., 2018. Fundamental Moral Unit. Viewed on January 31, 2018 from < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-OBYIyh-NU>
Youtube., 2018. Incrementalism. Viewed on January 31, 2018 from < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WU6J5E9Vzz8>
Youtube., 2018. Moral Agent and subject of Moral Worth. Viewed on January 31, 2018 from < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMvGQNPM2z0
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